1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 267及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On College Students Self-care Ability following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Write your essay on Answer She
2、et 1. 1目前不少高校学生的自理能力很差 2产生此种现象的原因是 3为了提高学生的自理能力，应该 On College Students Self-care Ability Section A （ A） Sixteen people drowned. （ B） It stopped in a Greek island. （ C） There were 15 people on board. （ D） It started from Turkey. （ A） They crossed Europe to Africa. （ B） They went to Europe by sea. （ C
3、） Many of them migrate from countries in the East. （ D） Thousands of them already made the trip. （ A） Serena Williams won a tennis champion. （ B） Serena Williams was pronounced Sportsperson of the year. （ C） Serena Williams decided to work in a sports magazine. （ D） Serena Williams was facing a lot
4、of challenges. （ A） They challenged Serena Williamss ethnicity. （ B） They followed the role model of Serena Williams. （ C） They raised a number of complaints. （ D） They warmly welcomed the announcement. （ A） It would improve job market. （ B） It would cause too much inflation. （ C） It would damage ec
5、onomy. （ D） It would keep prices steady. （ A） Less than 11%. （ B） Above 11%. （ C） Less than 1%. （ D） Above 1%. （ A） The economy would react badly. （ B） It would delay any rate increase. （ C） The inflation would be too serious. （ D） Foreign markets share would decrease. Section B （ A） Giving up smoki
6、ng. （ B） Birth control of the family. （ C） Plan for seeing a doctor. （ D） Arrangement for breaking engagement. （ A） Smoking helps to lessen the pressure. （ B） Smoking helps him fall asleep quickly. （ C） He can get much happiness from smoking. （ D） Smoking brings more chances to make friends. （ A） Se
7、e a doctor to get some help. （ B） Read books about the harm of smoking. （ C） Improve his self-controlling abilities. （ D） Receive mental health treatment. （ A） Smoking is the only bad habit the man should change. （ B） She doesnt love the man as deep as before. （ C） She doesnt want to have a baby if
8、the man smokes. （ D） Maybe she will leave the man if he continues to smoke. （ A） It is a house full of cleverly-designed device. （ B） It can help people live a much easier life. （ C） It is the most comfortable house available. （ D） It expresses the newest architectural style. （ A） The door will open
9、 with just a touch of the finger. （ B） The refrigerator can figure out how much milk to buy. （ C） The robot can do all the housework very efficiently. （ D） The house can put out a fire in a very short time. （ A） It can do the washing automatically. （ B） He can do it all by himself. （ C） It can remin
10、d him to do it when necessary. （ D） He can ask the robot to do it. （ A） Its too wonderful to be true. （ B） Its too expensive for her. （ C） She considers it nothing fancy. （ D） She is considering buying one. Section C （ A） They can help take pictures of cars on highways. （ B） They can help send fines
11、 to speedy motorists. （ C） They can help catch cars breaking traffic rules. （ D） They can help make the traffic run smoother. （ A） It takes pictures only. （ B） It can not do paperwork. （ C） It needs someone to issue fines. （ D） It takes pictures and does paperwork. （ A） It can help catch stolen cars
12、. （ B） It can package food. （ C） It makes cars run faster. （ D） It gives information to the drivers. （ A） There are 250 million plants eaten by insects. （ B） There are fewer plants than 250 million years ago. （ C） They have their way of guarding against insects. （ D） They have a better immune system
13、 than before. （ A） Using less insecticide. （ B） Giving the plants up. （ C） Spraying crops frequently. （ D） Trying other insecticide. （ A） Changing the way of spraying crops. （ B） Buying some outdoor insect lamps. （ C） Using a combination of three insecticide. （ D） Trying to attract new insects onto
14、the crops. （ A） They are supported by the local government. （ B） They are named after the cities where they live. （ C） Their players gathered from all over the country. （ D） They play professional basketball games in November only. （ A） During the summer months. （ B） During the spring months. （ C） D
15、uring the winter months. （ D） During the autumn months. （ A） Basketball. （ B） Football. （ C） Baseball. （ D） Golf. （ A） Both require strength and specialized skills. （ B） Both require height and responsibility. （ C） Both require enthusiasm and hard work. （ D） Both require flexibility and good health.
16、 Section A 26 Over the last two years, in the PC business Michael Dell has been beaten like a rented mule. His company continues to lose market【 C1】 _particularly in the U.S. Industry analysts would say that Dell has done a poor job of bringing out【 C2】_and attractive products. Apple Mac sales keep
17、rising. HP, Sony, and Lenovo have【 C3】 _new product lines which have had warm【 C4】 _. Dells core business is being hit by three things. The first is that the company was fairly late at【 C5】 _into retail outlets(零售店 )overseas. It【 C6】 _on its direct sales model for too long. The second problem is tha
18、t the recession has【 C7】_Dells sales. Dells final problem is that it cannot find the right people to run the company. It【 C8】 _dumped most of the senior management that it hired just over a year ago. It takes time for new people to get up to speed. Word has gotten out that Dell plans to launch its o
19、wn high-end smartphone. Dell does not do well what it is supposed to do well. It has become a second rate PC company. It proposes to partially offset that by entering a business which is controlled by Apple and RIM, the maker of the Blackberry. Because smartphone margins are high, Nokia, the world l
20、argest cellphone company, Samsung, and Sony Ericsson are also【 C9】_into the market. The traffic jam is going to be【 C10】 _. So Dell cant win in the handset business. What it ought to do is to try to improve its PC business. A)receptions E)targeting I)comprehensive M)expanding B)depended F)innovative
21、 J)recently N)consequently C)share G)launched K)rushing O)cut D)extraordinary H)declined L)expressions 27 【 C1】 28 【 C2】 29 【 C3】 30 【 C4】 31 【 C5】 32 【 C6】 33 【 C7】 34 【 C8】 35 【 C9】 36 【 C10】 Section B 36 How Psychology Can Help the Planet Stay Cool A“Im not convinced its as bad as the experts mak
22、e out. Its everyone elses fault Even if I turn off my air conditioner, it will make no difference.“ The list of reasons for not acting to combat global warming goes on and on. This month, American Psychological Association(APA)released a report highlighting these and other psychological barriers sta
23、nding in the way of action. But dont despair. The report also points to strategies that could be used to convince us to play our part. Sourced from psychological experiments, we review tricks that could be used by companies or organisations to encourage climate-friendly behaviour. In addition, psych
24、ologist Mark van Vugt of the Free University of Amsterdam describes the elements of human nature that push us to act unselfishly. BAs advertisers of consumer products well know, different groups of people may have quite distinct interests and motivations, and messages that seek to change behaviour n
25、eed to be tailored to take these into account. “You have to target the marketing to a particular sector of the population,“ says Robert Gifford of the University of Victoria, another of the reports authors. The wealthy young, for instance, tend to be diet conscious, and this could be used to steer t
26、hem away from foods like cheeseburgers one of the most climate-unfriendly meals around because of the energy it takes to raise cattle. So when trying to convince them to give up that carbon-intensive beef pie, better to stress health benefits than the global climate. CThough conservative authorities
27、 have been known to attack such efforts, characterising them as mind control, experiments indicate that people are willing to be persuaded. “From participants in our experiments, weve never heard a negative feedback,“ says Wesley Schultz of California State University. In fact, according to John Pet
28、ersen of Oberlin College, we are used to far worse. “Compared to the overwhelming number of advertising, it seems milder than anything I experience in my daily life,“ he says. DDeep down, most of us want to fit in with the crowd, and psychologists are exploiting this urge to encourage environmentall
29、y friendly behaviour. Researchers led by Wesley Schultz at California State University and Jessica Nolan, now at the University of Scranton, have found that people will cut their electricity usage if told that their neighbours use less than they do. In one experiment, the researchers left informatio
30、n with households in San Marcos asking them to use fans rather than air conditioners at night, turn off lights and take shorter showers. Some messages simply stressed energy conservation, some talked about future generations, while others emphasised the financial savings. But it was the flyers(传单 )t
31、hat asked residents to join with their neighbours in saving energy that were most effective in cutting electricity consumption. EIn another study, the researchers told households what others in their neighbourhood used on average. High users cut their consumption in response, but low users increased
32、 theirs. The problem disappeared if the messages were reinforced with sad or smiling faces. The smiles received by the residents who were already saving energy provided sufficient encouragement for them to keep doing so. FMost people seem to conserve energy if provided with real-time feedback on how
33、 much they are using. But feedback can be too immediate. For instance, Janet Swim has a General Motors car that shows her mileage(里程 )per gallon each time she accelerates. Its just not very useful, she argues, because its hard to place that momentary piece of feedback in the context of her overall d
34、riving behaviour and fuel efficiency. In contrast, the Toyota Prius display shows mileage per gallon over 5-minute intervals for the previous half-hour. With that contextual information, people can experiment with different driving styles to see how they affect mileage, and even compete with themsel
35、ves to improve over time. The 2010 Honda Insight goes one better, flashing up an image of a prize to reward economical driving. The benefits of feedback are not restricted to car gadgets(小装置 ). Studies show that devices that display domestic energy usage produce savings of between 5 and 12 per cent.
36、 GPeople have to be persuaded to act on climate change even though the benefit wont be felt for decades. Research by David Hardisty and Elke Weber of Columbia University suggests ways to achieve this. Hardisty and Weber have found that people respond in exactly the same way to decisions involving fu
37、ture environmental gains and losses as they do when making financial decisions. This allows psychologists knowledge of how to control financial decision-making to be brought into play. For instance, schemes that give people a cash payment in advance for insulating(使隔热 )their home will work better th
38、an those promising long-term savings, even if the people receiving cash end up paying a little more in the long run. HAnd because we are generally more worried about future losses than we are impressed by future gains, messages are more effective if framed to warn people that they will lose $500 ove
39、r 10 years if they dont follow a particular course of action to limit climate change than if they are told theyll be $500 better off if they do take action. IAs social animals, we like to interact with others and take inspiration from their actions. Psychologists are working out how to exploit this
40、to spread behaviours that will help limit climate change. “My sense is that social networks are going to be important,“ says Swim. Allowing people to document successes in saving energy on their Facebook pages could drive change among their friends, and the Oberlin team is considering integrating th
41、is into its urban residence experiment. Tawanna Dillahunt and colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University, think such opportunities presented by Facebook can be combined with our liking for animals. Inspired by the attachment that people can develop towards Tamagotchi virtual pets, the team is testing
42、the compelling power of a “virtual polar bear“ standing on a sheet of floating ice that grows bigger as people adopt environmentally friendly behaviours such as taking shorter showers. Initial results suggest the polar bear has pull. 37 Flyers related with neighbours behaviour are a very effective w
43、ay to convince residents to cut electricity consumption. 38 According to Swim, social network will be important to spread behaviours that will help limit climate change. 39 The research by Hardisty and Weber aims at seeking ways to convince people to limit climate change. 40 Its better to persuade t
44、he wealthy young out of carbon-intensive food by emphasizing health benefits. 41 In the experiment by Wesley Schultz, no participant lodged a complaint 42 When talking people into taking action, its more effective to tell them future losses than future gains. 43 Psychologists are making use of human
45、s desire to fit in with the crowd to encourage environmentally friendly behaviour. 44 The report by APA summarises the strategies to encourage climate-friendly behaviour on the basis of psychological experiments. 45 According to Tawanna Dillahunt and colleagues, successes in saving energy by Faceboo
46、k and our liking for animals can be combined. 46 The 2010 Honda Insight has a device that encourages drivers to drive economically. Section C 46 There is no more fashionable solution to the current global recession than “green jobs.“ Many countries are all eagerly promoting clean-technology industri
47、es. It sounds like the ultimate win-win deal: create jobs, cut down on energy dependence, and save the planet from global warming. Ever since the recession began, governments, environmental groups, and even labor unions have been spinning out reports on just how many jobs might be created by these n
48、ew industries estimates that range from tens of thousands to millions. Those kinds of predictions, however, may be overoptimistic. As a new study from McKinsey points out, the clean-energy industry doesnt have much in common with old, labor-intensive manufacturing industries like steel and cars. A m
49、ore accurate comparison would be to the semiconductor industry, which was also expected to create a boom in high-tech jobs but today employs mainly robots. Green-tech workers now make up only 0.6 percent of the American workforce. McKinsey figures that clean energy wont command much more of the total job market in the years ahead. On the other hand, a booming green sector could fuel job growth in other industries. Here, too, the story of the computer chip is instructive. T
