1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 49及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should University Campuses Be Used as Public Parking Lots? You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1目前一些大学开放校园作为公共停车场 2有人认为这样可以资源共享，有人认为这样会扰乱教学秩
2、序 3我认为 Should University Campuses Be Used as Public Parking Lots? Section A （ A） Prof. Bass is much better than Prof. Brown. （ B） It is easy to follow Prof. Bass in his class. （ C） There is no requirement for notes in Mr. Bass class. （ D） There is no use of taking notes in class. （ A） She was at hom
3、e all along. （ B） She visited a friend. （ C） She was at her parents home. （ D） She was out for a walk. （ A） She lives on her own. （ B） She has no children or grandchildren. （ C） She lives in a nursing home. （ D） Her children visit her every other week. （ A） He will go to the supermarket with the wom
4、an. （ B） He feels uncomfortable with the womans staring. （ C） He will buy some vegetables on his way back. （ D） He wont go to the supermarket. （ A） It is too hard for them to accomplish. （ B） It is pretty easy to finish. （ C） There is still a difficult part left. （ D） It is not so hard as the man im
5、agined. （ A） The man should practice his pronunciation often. （ B） To get oneself understood is more important than pronunciation. （ C） She has a similar problem as the man. （ D） She couldnt get the mans words clearly. （ A） Find a roommate to share the rent. （ B） Find another apartment to reduce the
6、 rent. （ C） Try to earn more money to afford the rent. （ D） Give up finding an apartment to live in. （ A） John is late for the appointment. （ B） John has another appointment with his roommate. （ C） The man told John to meet them at 6:00. （ D） John will probably meet the speakers. （ A） Playing basket
7、ball with his friends. （ B） Watching basketball game on TV. （ C） Doing some weightlifting exercise. （ D） Having dinner with his wife. （ A） She is worried about the mans health. （ B） The man never played basketball before. （ C） The man is too old to run up and down the court. （ D） She has no interest
8、 in basketball. （ A） The man needs to take in some vitamin supplements. （ B） The man must try to avoid the bad fruits and vegetables. （ C） The man had better consume less fatty food and more vegetables. （ D） The man should never eat ice cream or pizza again. （ A） She is short of money. （ B） She quit
9、ted her job. （ C） She feels lonely. （ D） She has quarreled with her ex-roommate. （ A） The stove has broken down for a while. （ B） There are no appliances in the kitchen. （ C） There is something wrong with the refrigerator door. （ D） The kitchen door fails to be closed. （ A） The toilet is clogged. （
10、B） The window needs to be fixed. （ C） The sink leaks. （ D） The shower needs to be replaced. （ A） He will help the woman fix the problems. （ B） He would rent the apartment at an extremely low price. （ C） He will recommend the apartment to some other people. （ D） He is unlikely to rent the apartment.
11、Section B （ A） To give customers a wider range of choices. （ B） To make shoppers see as many items as possible. （ C） To supply as many varieties of goods as it can. （ D） To save space for more profitable products. （ A） On the top shelves. （ B） On the bottom shelves. （ C） On easily accessible shelves
12、. （ D） On clearly marked shelves. （ A） Many of them buy things on impulse. （ B） A few of them are fathers with babies. （ C） A majority of them are young couples. （ D） Over 60% of them make shopping lists. （ A） Sales assistants promoting high margin goods. （ B） Sales assistants following customers ar
13、ound. （ C） Customers competing for good bargains. （ D） Customers losing all sense of time. （ A） Teaching mathematics at a school. （ B） Doing research in an institute. （ C） Studying for a college degree. （ D） Working in a hi-tech company. （ A） He studied the designs of various clocks. （ B） He did exp
14、eriments on different materials. （ C） He bought an alarm clock with a pig face. （ D） He asked different people for their opinions. （ A） Its automatic mechanism. （ B） Its manufacturing process. （ C） Its way of waking people up. （ D） Its funny-looking pig face. （ A） It is often caused by a change of c
15、ircumstances. （ B） It actually doesnt require any special treatment. （ C） It usually appears all of a sudden. （ D） It generally lasts for several years. （ A） They cannot mix well with others. （ B） They irrationally annoy their friends. （ C） They depend heavily on family members. （ D） They blame othe
16、rs for ignoring their needs. （ A） They lack consistent support from peers. （ B） They doubt their own popularity. （ C） They were born psychologically weak. （ D） They focus too much on themselves. Section C 26 My favorite T. V. show? “The Twilight Zone.“ I【 B1】 _like the episode called “The Printers D
17、evil.“ Its about a newspaper editor whos being interrupted out of business by a big newspaper syndicate you know, a group of papers【 B2】 _by the same people. Hes about to【 B3】 _suicide when hes interrupted by an old man who says his name is Smith. The editor is not only offered $ 5 000 to【 B4】 _his
18、newspapers debts, but this Smith character also offers his services for free. It turns out that the guy【 B5】 _the printing machine with amazing speed, and soon hes turning out newspaper with【 B6】 _headlines. The small paper is successful again. The editor is amazed at how quickly Smith gets his stor
19、ies only minutes after they happen but soon hes【 B7】 _with a contract to sign. Mr Smith, it seems, is really the devil! The editor is frightened by this news, but he is more frightened by the idea of losing his newspaper. So he agrees to sign. But soon Smith is reporting the news even before it happ
20、ens and its all terrible one【 B8】 _after another. Anyway, there is a little more to tell, but I dont want to ruin the story for you. I really like these old episodes of “The Twilight Zone.“ because the stories are【 B9】 _They are not realistic. But then again, in a way they are, because they【 B10】 _h
21、uman nature. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 If youve been following the status of Arctic sea ice for the past few years, hearing scientists【 C1】 _the potential coming of an ice-free Arctic summer may sound like old news. But ac
22、cording to researchers at NASA and the National Snow and Ice Data Center(NSIDC), this year, sea ice at the【 C2】 _of the globe may be even more【 C3】 _to melting than in the past. Each winter as the sun sets for several months and temperatures begin to plummet(骤降 ), the Arctic ice cap grows, reaching
23、its【 C4】 _extent in March. The melting season then begins, with the ice minimum extent occurring in September. But all sea ice is not created equal. Multi-year ice is sea ice that has【 C5】 _at least one melt season and is typically 2 to 4 meters(6.5 to 13 feet)thick. First-year ice, on the other han
24、d, has accumulated over only one【 C6】 _and is much thinner. As the 2009 melt season begins, satellite data shows that the Arctic Ocean is covered【 C7】_by first-year and second-year ice, which means the thin ice is less likely to survive the coming summer. The maximum sea ice extent for winter of 200
25、8-2009, which was reached on February 28, was 278 000 square miles less than the【 C8】 _extent for 1979-2000 and represented the fifth lowest maximum ice extent on【 C9】 _Although the ice extent is important, ice thickness is the best overall【 C10】 _of Arctic ice cover health. A)survived F)hardly K)mo
26、stly B)resistant G)vulnerable L)center C)announce H)diminished M)maximum D)season I)record N)performance E)indicator J)average O)top 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 How Stressed Parents Affect Their Kids A)When it comes to findi
27、ng culprits for everything thats wrong with us as children and even as adults, parents are everyones favorite default option. And why not? Decades of research in child development and psychology have linked depression from mother to childrens mental and physical illness as well as language defects,
28、shown that when the parents marriage is broken by conflict, children grow up to be emotionally insecure and have difficulty forming loving adult relationships, and found that when parents are under significant stress, their kids are more likely to have behavior problems, to have difficulty handling
29、stress, and to be at greater risk for mental illness. If there was any doubt about the power of this parental legacy, a latest study should prove it: when parents arc under emotional, financial, or other forms of stress, it can alter their childrens patterns of genetic activity at least through thei
30、r youth and perhaps longer. This is the first time scientists have ever found a link between parental stress in early childhood and the condition of their childrens DNA. As such, it represents the next frontier in the study of nature and nurture: identifying how the experiences we have(nurture)affec
31、t our DNA(nature). The groundwork was laid with research on lab rats, where scientists at McGill University showed that when mother rats devotedly lick and train their offsprings(动物幼子 ), it sets off a wave of changes: it activates a gene that makes a receptor for stress hormones(荷尔蒙 )in the baby rat
32、s brains, which causes more receptors to be produced, fewer stress hormones to course through the rats, and the rats to be well-adjusted, curious, and mature rather than stressful, fearful, and stressed-out(as rats whose mothers did not lick and train them become). B)Child abuse and even depression
33、from mother, studies show, can do to people what careless rat mothers did to their pups: silence the stress-hormone receptor in the brain. In the brains of people who were abused as children and later took their own lives, the gene for the stress-hormone receptor is more likely to be “off“ than it i
34、s.in people who did not kill himself or were not abused, found a 2009 study. In people, as in rats, when this gene is silenced, the stress-response system is around the corner, making it extremely difficult to cope with lifes difficulty, leaving the person more liable to kill himself. In newborns of
35、 depressed or anxious mothers, a 2008 study found, this stress-hormone-receptor gene also tends to be silenced. That would put the children, like the rats pups, at risk of growing up to be hyper-sensitive to, and unable to cope with, stress. C)The new study shows that childhood experiences that fall
36、 well short of abuse, or even of having a mother who is depressed, leave their marks on our DNA. Led by Marilyn Essex, professor in the Department of Psychiatry and director of the Life Stress that the pathway by which parental stress affects children physically, emotionally, and traces back through
37、 our DNA. F)What might be the impact of these genetic changes? If they affect fundamentals of brain development, it may be permanent: although the adult brain retains enormous powers of plasticity, the window when the basic wiring takes place tends to slam shut by early adulthood. In other words, so
38、me DNA changes, particularly those in genes that dancing movements brain development, may have a lifelong fortune. But that “may“ is crucial. Just as parental stress can alter DNA for the worse, later experiences might alter it for the better. That is at the top of Essexs to-do list: identifying the
39、 influences that can undo the harmful genetic and other effects of parental stress. Of course, prevention is more effective than treatment. Kids Pick Up on Everything: How Parental Stress Is Toxic to Kids, a forthcoming book by family therapist David Code argues that the best thing parents can do fo
40、r their kids is reduce their own levels of stress. G)Since we already know that parents marital and financial stress can hurt childrens development, people bearing doubtful ideals might ask whether the new study advances the ball. It does. By showing how parenting exerts the effects it does namely,
41、by altering which of a childs genes are turned on and which are turned off it makes those influences much more real and concrete, much the way brain imaging studies that show addicts brains when they desire for heroin made addiction much more real and concrete: just as an addict cant simply summon t
42、he willpower to kick his addiction, so a child cannot just shake off the legacy of a troubled infancy and adolescence. That legacy has altered her very UNA. 47 A troubled infancy and adolescence has a bad influence on children, which cannot be erased by themselves. 48 Once genetic changes affect fun
43、damentals of brain development, it may last forever. 49 Daughters are more likely to be affected by their fathers stress than sons. 50 According to the new study, having a depressed mother may have influence on childrens genes. 51 Parents are thought to be responsible for everything thats wrong with
44、 their children. 52 Just like the case in the studies, evil behaviors or moods from mothers affect their children badly. 53 According to the study, stress from mom during childrens infancy and stress from dad during childrens pre-school years both affect DNA remarkably. 54 The on-off status of genes
45、 in cells may differ in different parts of body. 55 Later experiences may have a chance to change genes in a positive way. 56 When the gene for the stress-hormone receptor is.silenced, the stress-response system can make people less capable of dealing with lifes difficulty. Section C 56 In 1972, whe
46、n Mac Jemison was just 16 years old. she arrived at Stanford University, where she intended to pursue a degree in engineering. But it wasnt long after arriving in Palo Alto that she learned that the universitys science departments werent nearly as enthusiastic about her as she was about them. In one
47、 of her freshman science classes, she recalls, the professor looked at her like she was crazy. “I would ask a question, and he would look at me like it was the dumbest question and then move on.“ she says. “Then a white guy down the row asks the same question, and he says. Sharp observation. It make
48、s you start to really question yourself.“ In the nearly four decades since, Jemison has proved repeatedly that she deserves a place at the table. She graduated from Stanford with a double major in chemical engineering and African-American studies, got a medical degree, and eventually became the worl
49、ds first woman of color to go to space. And without a doubt, this made her an exception. But though Jemison is exceptional, and the kind of clear discouragement she faced 40 years ago may have lessened, for women working in or studying science, technology, engineering and math(known as STEM fields)today, the viewpoint remains surprisingly, and depressingly, similar to what it was when Jemison was at Stanford. In high s
