1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on individualism. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
2、 individualism: 个人主义 Section A （ A） In a library. （ B） In a book store. （ C） In a book company. （ D） In a booking office. （ A） She missed the deadline for the course registration. （ B） She couldnt decide which course to register. （ C） She didnt get the extension for the course registration. （ D） She
3、 lost the registration fee. （ A） The room is as dark as the night. （ B） He doesnt know what the notice is about either. （ C） He doesnt like the womans idea. （ D） He doesnt notice anything. （ A） It is supposed to be warm and sunny in terms of the weather forecast. （ B） It wont go like what the man ex
4、pects according to the weather forecast. （ C） She believes its suitable for the man to play football. （ D） She has no idea of how it will be like. （ A） The man can only see the doctor two weeks later. （ B） Appointments must be made two weeks in advance. （ C） The man can have an appointment with the
5、doctor on Friday. （ D） The doctor has canceled his appointments on Friday. （ A） Paint brushes. （ B） Some soap. （ C） A can of paint. （ D） Some ink. （ A） Its not raining that hard now. （ B） The rain has just begun. （ C） It only rained a little bit. （ D） Its raining too hard to go out. （ A） Have some f
6、lowers sent to someone. （ B） Deliver a package to the hospital. （ C） Arrange some flowers. （ D） Talk to a doctor. （ A） The registration for a photography course. （ B） A photography exhibition. （ C） The varieties of photography courses. （ D） Some information about four photography courses. （ A） From
7、6:30 pm to 9:30 pm on Monday evenings. （ B） From 2:00 pm to 4:30 pm on Tuesdays. （ C） From 6:30 pm to 9:00 pm on Tuesday evenings. （ D） Any daytime on Wednesdays. （ A） Introducing Photography. （ B） Landscape Photography. （ C） Black and White Photography. （ D） The Art of Digital Photography. （ A） It
8、is flexible in timing. （ B） It can also be attended in evenings. （ C） It lasts 16 hours in all. （ D） It is suitable for intermediate learners. （ A） To take a part-time job. （ B） To learn swimming with some friends. （ C） To swim in the pool a few times a week. （ D） To take part in the water polo team
9、. （ A） They are quite fair. （ B） They are very high. （ C） They are very low. （ D） They will rise. （ A） To pay for the swimming equipment. （ B） To pay for the use of the pool. （ C） To pay for the swimming training. （ D） To pay for referees. Section B （ A） They lived healthily in a dirty environment.
10、（ B） They thought bath houses were to dirty to stay in. （ C） They believed disease could be spread in public baths. （ D） They considered bathing as the cause of skin disease. （ A） Afraid. （ B） Curious. （ C） Approving. （ D） Uninterested. （ A） To stress the role of dirt. （ B） To introduce the history
11、of dirt. （ C） To call attention to the danger of dirt. （ D） To present the change of views on dirt. （ A） His past. （ B） His aging. （ C） His manner. （ D） His leaking. （ A） To laugh at the old one. （ B） To take pity on the old one. （ C） To show off its beautiful looks. （ D） To praise the gardeners kin
12、dness. （ A） It was taken as a treasure. （ B） It had its own function. （ C） It stayed in its best condition. （ D） It was used to keep a balance. （ A） His family business failed. （ B） He hoped to make his son a dramatist. （ C） He was attracted by the “Great American Dream“. （ D） He suffered from sever
13、e hunger in his home country. （ A） It focuses on the skills in doing business. （ B） It talks about the business career of Arthur Miller. （ C） It discusses the ways to get promoted in a company. （ D） It exposes the cruelty of the American business world. （ A） It achieved huge success. （ B） It won the
14、 first Tony Award. （ C） It was warmly welcomed by salesmen. （ D） It was severely attacked by dramatists. （ A） Arthur Miller and his family. （ B） Arthur Miller and his best-known play. （ C） The awards Arthur Miller won. （ D） The hardship Arthur Miller experienced. Section C 26 Tens of thousands of th
15、e poorest part-time students are to get extra money to help pay university fees and meet rising living costs, ministers will announce today. The students grant will rise by more than 25%, while the money【 B1】 _through “hardship funds“ will multiply. The【 B2】 _follows growing concern that those insti
16、tutions with a high proportion of part-time students will lose when tuition fees for【 B3】 _courses start next year. The Education Secretary, Ruth Kelly, said yesterday that such students【 B4】 _in higher education, and the proposed measures would【 B5】 _part-time undergraduate courses remained open to
17、 all. There are around 500,000 part-timers in higher education in England. The government expects 85,000 to benefit from the【 B6】_package. Yesterday David Latchman, of Birkbeck College, London, which educates thousands of part-timers, said the proposals were a step in the right direction: “This anno
18、uncement begins to【 B7】 _so that part-time students who might struggle to pay fees will now【 B8】 _the financial support they need. The government has been listening to our concerns, and we consider this a good outcome.“ Universities will charge up to 3,000 pounds in tuition fees for full-time course
19、s from September 2006. These fees are not paid back until students have graduated. But part-time students have to pay their fees in advance. Those institutions with a high【 B9】_of part-timers feared they would not be able to raise fees without pricing many out of the market. The grant will rise to 7
20、50 pounds for those who study half-time and to 1,125 pounds for those who study three quarters of the time. The money in “the hardship fund“, which universities can【 B10】 _to students facing particular financial difficulties, will rise from 3 million pounds to 12 million pounds. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29
21、 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 People need【 C1】 _: children assume their parents place as home; boarders(寄宿生 )call school “home“ on weekdays; married couples work together to build new homes; and travelers. have no place to call “home“, at least f
22、or a few nights. So how about people who have to【 C2】 _for extended periods of time? Dont they have the right to a home? Of course they do. Some regular travelers take their own【 C3】 _: like bed sheets, pillowcases and family photos to make them feel like home no matter where they are; some stay for
23、 long periods in the same hotel and as a result become very【 C4】 _with service and attendants; others may【 C5】_put some flowers by the hotel window to make things more【 C6】 _. Furthermore, driving a camping car during ones travels and sleeping in the【 C7】_at night is just like home only mobile! And
24、how about【 C8】_relationships while in transit? Some keep contact with their friends via the Internet; some send letters and postcards, or even photos; others may just call and say hi, just to let their friends know that theyre still【 C9】 _and well. Making friends on the way helps travelers feel more
25、 or less at home. Backpackers in youth hostels may become very good friends, even closer than siblings(兄弟姐妹 ). So, whenever we step out of our local boundaries, there is always another “home“ waiting to be found. Wherever we are, with just a little bit of effort and【 C10】 _, we can make the place we
26、 stay “home“. A)homely I)travel B)comfortable J)families C)homes K)simply D)specially L)imagination E)familiar M)goods F)alive N)maintaining G)stay O)vehicle H)belongings 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Are Bad Times Healthy? A)
27、Most people are worried about the health of the economy. But does the economy also affect your health? It does, but not always in ways you might expect. The data on how an economic downturn influences an individuals health are surprisingly mixed. Its clear that long-term economic gains lead to impro
28、vements in a populations overall health, in developing and industrialized societies alike. B)But whether the current economic slump will take a toll on your own health depends, in part, on your health habits when times are good. And economic studies suggest that people tend not to take care of thems
29、elves in boom times drinking too much(especially before driving), dining on fat-laden(装满的 )restaurant meals and skipping(略过 )exercise and doctors appointments because of work-related time commitments. “The value of time is higher during good economic times,“ said Grant Miller, an assistant professor
30、 of medicine at Stanford. “So people work more and do less of the things that are good for them, like cooking at home and exercising; and people experience more stress due to the rigors of hard work during booms.“ Similar patterns have been seen in some developing nations. Dr. Miller, who is studyin
31、g the effects of fluctuating coffee prices on health in Colombia, says that even though falling prices are bad for the economy, they appear to improve health and lower mortality rates(死亡率 ). When prices are low, laborers have more time to care for their children. C)“When coffee prices suddenly rise,
32、 people work harder on their coffee plots and spend less time doing things around the home, including things that are good for their children,“ he said. “Because the things that matter most for infant and child health in rural Colombia arent expensive, but require a substantial amount of time such a
33、s breast-feeding, bringing clean water from far away, taking your child to a distant health clinic for free vaccinations infant and child mortality rates rise.“ D)In this country, a similar effect appeared in the Dust Bowl during the Great Depression, according to a 2007 paper by Dr. Miller and coll
34、eagues in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The data seem to contradict research in the 1970s suggesting that in hard times there are more deaths from heart disease, cirrhosis, suicide and homicide, as well as more admissions to mental hospitals. But those findings have not been r
35、eplicated, and several economists have pointed out flaws in the research. E)In May 2000, the Quarterly Journal of Economics published a surprising paper called Are Recessions Good for Your Health? by Christopher J. Ruhm, professor of economics at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, based o
36、n an analysis measuring death rates and health behavior against economic shifts and jobless rates from 1972 to 1991. Dr. Ruhm found that death rates declined sharply in the 1974 and 1982 recessions, and increased in the economic recovery of the 1980s. An increase of one percentage point in state une
37、mployment rates correlated with a 0.5 percentage point decline in the death rate or about 5 fewer deaths per 100,000 people. Over all, the death rate fell by more than 8 percent in the 20-year period of mostly economic decline, led by drops in heart disease and car crashes. F)The economic downturn d
38、id appear to take a toll on factors having less to do with prevention and more to do with mental well-being and access to health care. For instance, cancer deaths rose 23 percent, and deaths from flu and pneumonia increased slightly. Suicides rose 2 percent, homicides 12 percent. The issue that may
39、matter most in an economic crisis is not related to jobs or income, but whether the slump widens the gap between rich and poor, and whether there is an adequate health safety net available to those who have lost their jobs and insurance. During a decade of economic recession in Japan that began in t
40、he 1990s, people who were unemployed were twice as likely to be in poor health than those with secure jobs. During Perus severe economic crisis in the 1980s, infant mortality jumped 2.5 percentage points about 17,000 more children who died as public health spending and social programs collapsed. G)I
41、n August, researchers from the Free University of Amsterdam looked at health studies of twins in Denmark. They found that individuals born in a recession were at higher risk for heart problems later in life and lived, on average, 15 months less than those born under better conditions. Gerard J. van
42、den Berg, an economics professor who was a coauthor of the study, said babies in poor households suffered the most in a recession, because their families lacked access to good health care. Poor economic conditions can also cause stress that may interfere with parent bonding and childhood development
43、, he said. He noted that other studies had found that recessions can benefit babies by giving their parents more time at home. “This scenario may be relevant for well-to-do families where one of the parents loses a job and the other still brings in enough money,“ he said. “But in a crisis where the
44、family may have to incur huge housing-cost losses and the household income is insufficient for adequate nutrition and health care, the bad effects of being born in a recession seem much more relevant.“ H)In this country, there are already signs of the economys effect on health. In May, the market re
45、search firm Information Resources reported that 53 percent of consumers said they were cooking from scratch(自己动手做饭 )more than they did just six months before in part, no doubt, because of the rising cost of prepared foods. At the same time, health insurance costs are rising. With premiums and co-pay
46、ments, the average employee with insurance pays nearly one-third of medical costs about twice as much as four years ago, according to Paul H. Keckley, executive director of the Deloitte Center for Health Solutions. I)In the United States, which unlike other industrialized nations lacks a national he
47、alth plan, the looming(迫在眉睫的 )recession may take a greater toll. About 46 million Americans lack health insurance, Dr. Keckley says, and even among the 179 million who have it, an estimated 1 in 7 would be bankrupted by a single health crisis. The economic downturn “is not good news for the health c
48、are industry“, he said. “There may be slivers of positive, but I view this as sobering.“ 47 The period from 1972 to 1991 witnesses a decrease in heart disease and car crashed. 48 According to Information Resources report, the rising cost of prepared foods partly contributes to over half of consumers
49、 cooking for themselves more than six months ago. 49 According to Millers study, falling prices of coffee seems to benefit health and lower death rates. 50 One of the most important things in an economic slump is related to whether people losing jobs and insurance can get aid from an adequate health safety net. 51 Some economists think that the research done in the 1970s has some deficiencies. 52 Ones bad health in current economic slum
