1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 7及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of independent thinking. You should write at least 120 words bu
2、t no more than 180 words. Section A （ A） She has lost the book. （ B） She has brought the wrong book. （ C） She has forgotten to bring the book. （ D） She has lent the book to someone else. （ A） Its bad for his health. （ B） It makes him smelly. （ C） She cant bear his smoking so much. （ D） Its a bad exa
3、mple to the children. （ A） Take Julia home. （ B） Take a tour of the office. （ C） Start working at his desk. （ D） Introduce Julia to the others. （ A） The author is crazy. （ B） The man agrees with the author. （ C） The woman doesnt support the author. （ D） The author is against smoking. （ A） Drawing pi
4、ctures. （ B） Taking photos. （ C） Buying cameras. （ D） Doing business. （ A） She hasnt finished reading the book. （ B） She wont lend her book to the man. （ C） The man doesnt need the book. （ D） The man can use her book if he likes. （ A） The blue one is too fancy for him. （ B） Blue is one of his favori
5、te colors. （ C） He doesnt like either of the two suits. （ D） He never wears silk or wool. （ A） He decides not to take chemistry. （ B） Hes been tired of physics. （ C） Hes already found a partner. （ D） Hes too busy to find a partner. （ A） Most peoples arms are too fat or flabby. （ B） They are easy and
6、 convenient. （ C） They can keep people physically healthy. （ D） There are a lot of diseases related to arms. （ A） They dont get rid of flabby arms. （ B） They can damage arm muscles. （ C） They arent acceptable to most people. （ D） They can raise ones blood pressure. （ A） Wearing arm weights while you
7、 are swimming. （ B） Jogging vigorously in one place for a long time. （ C） Using bicycles that require you to use both your arms and legs. （ D） Walking slowly while swinging your arms back and forth. （ A） To ask him to explain the steps in a lab experiment. （ B） To discuss a grade she got on a lab re
8、port. （ C） To ask for advice on her lab experiments. （ D） To talk about a lab report she is writing. （ A） To explain an ongoing problem in his classes. （ B） To warn the woman that she will fail the class. （ C） To emphasize the importance of cooperation. （ D） To help the woman understand what problem
9、 she has. （ A） Drop the chemistry class. （ B） Read the handouts he provides. （ C） Team up with a better student. （ D） Join the chemistry club. （ A） She does not like chemistry. （ B） She is too busy to study. （ C） She does not agree with the professor. （ D） She is careless about lab techniques. Secti
10、on B （ A） She enjoyed removing others drinks. （ B） She became more and more forgetful. （ C） She preferred to do everything by herself. （ D） She wanted to keep her house in good order. （ A） She had already finished them. （ B） His mother had taken them away. （ C） She forgot where she had left them. （
11、D） Someone in his family was holding them. （ A） The speakers mother often made them confused. （ B） The speakers family members had a poor memory. （ C） The speakers mother helped them to form a good habit. （ D） The speakers wife was surprised when she visited his mother. （ A） The atmosphere surroundi
12、ng the Earth. （ B） Water from oceans and lakes. （ C） Energy from the Sun. （ D） Greenhouse gases in the sky. （ A） Most of it is lost in the upper and lower atmosphere. （ B） Most of it is reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere. （ C） Most of it is absorbed by the clouds in the lower atmosphere.
13、 （ D） Most of it is used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakes. （ A） A forest looks dark in winter because it absorbs solar energy. （ B） All living things on the Earth depend on the Sun for their food. （ C） Only 0.023% of the energy from the Sun is made use of on the Earth. （ D） Greenhouse ga
14、ses allow heat energy to escape from the Earths surface. （ A） He wanted to find some money. （ B） He wanted to find the owners name. （ C） He wanted to find the owners photograph. （ D） He was curious about what was inside it. （ A） He put it back on the ground. （ B） He put it into his own pocket. （ C）
15、He threw it into a trashcan. （ D） He gave it to the police. （ A） When he was having dinner. （ B） When he was at the police station. （ C） When he was taking a bus back home. （ D） When he was walking down the street. （ A） The speakers former classmate. （ B） The speakers colleague. （ C） The woman in th
16、e photograph. （ D） The young girl in the photograph. Section C 26 Memory is our most important possession. Without memory, you wouldnt know who you are. You couldnt think about the past or plan for the future. Memory【 B1】_everything we do as human beings. Its amazing that we have this【 B2】_time mach
17、ine in our heads that enables us to record experiences and then use that information at a later time. Discovering how the brain makes and【 B3】_memories has to be one of the most important of all scientific【 B4】 _. People who feel they must apologize for having a bad memory should stop using a poor m
18、emory as an【 B5】 _forgetting things. The only people who have a poor memory are those whose memory function has been【 B6】 _by disease or damage. All the rest of us must accept the responsibility to【 B7】 _to remember things. You must【 B8】 _something. You must exercise it or risk losing its effectiven
19、ess. Student and faculty should understand that a good education involves an emphasis on understanding rather than【 B9】 _memorization. Second, cramming for finals is a very bad way to learn something that will last, Infor-mation from cramming will come in and go out. If you want to【 B10】 _what you l
20、earn, you must spread out the learning process. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 According to sociologists, there are several different ways a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. Although leaders are oft
21、en thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce【 C1】_evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders“. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather,【 C2】 _any person may be recognized as a leader
22、 if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group. Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that【 C3】 _the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look
23、to instrumental leaders to “get things done“. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings(幸福 )of a social group members. They are less【 C4】_with the overall goals of the group than with providing【 C5】 _support to group members and attempting to
24、minimize tension and conflict among them. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may【 C6】 _group members who inhibit(阻碍 )attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders【 C7】 _a more personal or primary relationship to o
25、thers in the group. They offer【 C8】 _when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the【 C9】 _in these two roles suggests, expressive leaders generally receive more personal【 C10】 _from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful
26、 in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect. A)difference I)controls B)concerned J)confirm C)discipline K)virtually D)sympathy L)consistent E)eventually M)emphasizes F)emotional N)cultivate G)affection O)satisfied H)constant 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【
27、C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 History of American Immigration A)Ancient peoples only loosely related to modern Asians crossed the Arctic land bridge to settle America about 15,000 years ago, according to a study offering new evidence that the Western Hemisphere had a more genetically
28、diverse population at a much earlier time than previously thought. The early immigrants most closely resembled the prehistoric Jomon people of Japan and their closest modern descendants, the Ainu, from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, the study said. Both the Jomon and Ainu have skull and facial cha
29、racteristics more genetically similar to those of Europeans than those of mainland Asians. B)The immigrants settled throughout the hemisphere, and were in place when a second migration from mainland Asia came across the Bering Strait beginning 5,000 years ago and swept southward as far as modern-day
30、 Arizona and New Mexico, the study said. The second migration is the genetic origin of todays Eskimos, Aleuts and the Navajo of the US southwest. The study in todays edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences adds new evidence to help settle one of anthropologys(人类学 )most controv
31、ersial debates: Who were the first Americans? And when did they come? C)“When this has been done before, its been done from one point of view,“ said University of Michigan physical anthropologist C. Loring Brace, who led the team of researchers from the United States, China and Mongolia who wrote th
32、e new report. “We try to put together more aspects.“ For decades, anthropologists held that the Americas were populated by a single migration from Asia about 11,200 years ago the supposed age of the earliest of the elegantly crafted, grooved arrowheads first found in the 1930s in Clovis, N.M. By the
33、 end of the 1990s, however, the weight of evidence had pushed back the date of the first arrivals several thousand years. A site at Cactus Hill, near Richmond, may be 17,000 years old. In Chile, scientists discovering a 12,500-year-old settlement at Monte Verde have found evidence of a human presenc
34、e that may extend as far as 30,000 years. But as the migration timetable went on, additional questions have arisen. The 1996 discovery in Kennewick, Washington, of the nearly complete skeleton of a 9,300-year-old man with “apparently Caucasoid“ features stimulated interest in the possibility of two
35、or more migrations including the possible incoming from Europe. D)The new study attempted to answer this question by comparing 21 skull and facial characteristics from more than 10,000 ancient and modern populations in the Western Hemisphere and the Old World. The findings provide strong evidence su
36、pporting earlier work suggesting that ancient Americans, like Kennewick Man, were descended from the Jomon, who walked from Japan to the Asian mainland and eventually to the Western Hemisphere on land bridges as the Earth began to warm up about 15,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age. E)Brac
37、e described these early immigrants as “hunters and gatherers“ following herds of mastodon(乳齿象 )first into North America, and eventually spreading throughout the hemisphere. Because the North in both Siberia and Canada was still extremely cold, only a limited number of people could make the trek(长途跋涉
38、 )and survive. So immigration slowed, Brace said, for about 10 millennia(一千年 ). Then, about 5,000 years ago, agriculture developed on mainland Asia, enabling people to grow, store and carry food in more lonely areas. Movement resumed, but the newcomers were genetically Asians “distinct racially“ fro
39、m the first wave, Brace added. F)The second wave spread across what is now Canada and came southward, cohabiting(同居 )with the earlier settlers and eventually creating the mixed population found by the Spaniards in the 15th century. While many researchers agree on the likelihood of two migrations, bo
40、th their timing and origin are matters of dispute. Braces team suggests that both movements occurred after the last Ice Age began to moderate between 14,000 and 15,000 years ago. G)But University of Pennsylvania molecular anthropologist Theodore Schurr said genetic data in American populations sugge
41、st that humans may have been in the Western Hemisphere much earlier 25,000 to 30,000 years ago. This would mean that the first wave came before the “glacial maximum“ between 14,000 and 20,000 years ago, when the Ice Age was at its fiercest and “human movement was practically impossible,“ Schurr said
42、. “Were there people here before the last glacial maximum?“ he asked. “The suggestion is Yes“. H)The third wave arose in the American continent around the year 1000, when a small number of Vikings arrived. Five hundred years later, the great European migration began. In some cases, the co-existence
43、of Europeans and Native Americans was peaceful. In other cases, there were cultural clashes, leading to violence and disease. Many people from Africa, however, were bought here against their will to work as forced laborers in the building of a new nation. As early as 1619, slaves from Africa and the
44、 Caribbean were brought forcibly to America. Later, 102 English colonists(later referred to as the “Pilgrims“)set sail in 1620 on the Mayflower. They landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts. This is generally considered by many to be the “start“ of planned European migration! In 1638, just 18 years after
45、the Mayflower, the Swedes began their migration to America. Unlike the Pilgrim Fathers, the Swedes were not religious opponents they were an organized group of colonizers sent by the Swedish Government to establish a colony in Delaware. In 1655, the colony was lost to the Dutch. In the mid-1840s, a
46、wave of Swedish migration began with the landing of a group of migrant farmers in New York and continued up to World War I. I)During the colonial era most of the immigrants to the US came from Northern Europe. Their numbers declined during the 1770s, but picked up during the mid-1800s. New arrivals
47、came from several countries, but mostly from Germany and Ireland where crop failures caused many to leave their homelands. Other groups also arrived from the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, the Scandinavian countries, and Eastern Europe. 47 The anthropologists earlier work believes that the Jomon are the
48、 ancestors of Kennewick Man. 48 Only small numbers of early immigrants survived in Canada in that the extreme cold weather wasnt suitable for their survival. 49 According to a study, Jomon peoples facial features have more genetic similarities to Europeans. 50 Cultural clashes made people in the Ame
49、rican continent sometimes not co-exist in peace during the third wave of immigration. 51 Before the end of the 1990s, anthropologists held the opinion that the migration from Asia populated the Americas about 11,200 years ago. 52 Many Irish people immigrated to America because of crop failures in their homeland. 53 Many researchers have different opinions about the first two migrations in the aspect of origin and timing.
