1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 83及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of a healthy lifestyle. You should write at least 120 words but no
2、more than 180 words. “The wonderful news is, you have the heart of a teenager. The bad news is, most teenagers these days have the heart of an old man. “ Section A （ A） The visual effect of the movie is impressive. （ B） The actor and actress of the movie are all big stars. （ C） The child actress giv
3、es a wonderful performance. （ D） The plot of the movie is attractive. （ A） They may meet tomorrow afternoon. （ B） They had better do the experiment first. （ C） There is no need to discuss the program. （ D） They should start the program as soon as possible. （ A） A stranger. （ B） A murder. （ C） A robb
4、ery. （ D） A burglary. （ A） Mr. Smith has signed the contract. （ B） Mr. Smith is unavailable till Thursday. （ C） The man should have called before the visit. （ D） She is not sure when Mr. Smith will be back. （ A） There is still room for improvement. （ B） The language is hard to understand. （ C） The d
5、escription of the experiment is too detailed. （ D） The structure has to be revised. （ A） There are only two-bedroom apartments available. （ B） The man can have a look at the apartment instantly. （ C） The man is likely to get an apartment in two weeks. （ D） The man had better share the apartment with
6、 a roommate. （ A） He could afford the business class. （ B） He prefers to fly economy class. （ C） He would rather fly business class. （ D） He refuses to travel by air. （ A） The man has difficulty meeting Prof. Lees requirement. （ B） Prof. Lee is extremely strict with his students. （ C） The man is tot
7、ally absorbed in Prof. Lees lecture. （ D） Prof. Lees lecture is kind of boring in the mans opinion. （ A） Hes going to lose his job. （ B） He seems to be not qualified as a designer. （ C） He has to do more difficult work at the studio. （ D） He loses interest in his present job. （ A） He hasnt received
8、professional education formally. （ B） He doesnt know how to get along with his boss. （ C） Hes relatively a junior employee in the company. （ D） Hes replaced by a newer employee. （ A） Wait for further notice. （ B） Hunt for another job. （ C） Meet some interviewers. （ D） Have a talk with his boss. （ A）
9、 Modify the governments energy plans. （ B） Meet the growing demands for electricity. （ C） Build three more nuclear power stations. （ D） Hold a debate on natural resources. （ A） Government should respect ideas of the public. （ B） Nuclear power is likely to lead to accidents. （ C） The construction wil
10、l cost lots of money. （ D） Few people can be qualified for the construction. （ A） It is an inexpensive and efficient energy. （ B） It wont pose any problem to environment. （ C） It represents the latest technology. （ D） It can be dangerous in the long run. （ A） They are non-renewable resources. （ B） T
11、hey arent as effective as nuclear power. （ C） They may consume much time and money. （ D） They will finally be run out in decades. Section B （ A） An introduction to the Sunshine State. （ B） Some suggestions to protect plants in cold weather. （ C） Some suggestions to use plant trees. （ D） The changeab
12、le climates in Florida. （ A） Keep the garden watered. （ B） Cover plants and small trees with cloth or paper. （ C） Place Christmas lights on young trees. （ D） Move the plants far away from other growth. （ A） They keep plant from getting warmth. （ B） They are very cold and can freeze the plants. （ C）
13、They keep plant tissues from getting water. （ D） They provide too much water for the plants. （ A） They call attention to the contribution of women. （ B） They honor the social and political victories of women. （ C） They call attention to problems like forced marriage of women. （ D） They honor the eco
14、nomic problems facing women. （ A） February 20, 1909. （ B） February 28, 1911. （ C） March 8, 1911. （ D） March 8, 1914. （ A） She was a womens rights leader from the United States. （ B） She was the president of an International Conference of Working Women in Copenhagen. （ C） She suggested an internation
15、al celebration on National Womens Day. （ D） She led a historic protest for womens rights in New York. （ A） Every American city has a nickname. （ B） Nicknames are positive for cities. （ C） The Big Apple is the only nickname of New York. （ D） New York is famous for its production of nicknames. （ A） Th
16、e city had many problems. （ B） The city needed a new image to attract visitors. （ C） The number of visitors was falling. （ D） The people in New York liked to eat big apples. （ A） The head of the New York Conventions and Visitors Bureau. （ B） Some marketing and advertising experts. （ C） A writer for
17、a New York newspaper. （ D） Men who worked at a racetrack in New Orleans. （ A） The place where one can make a fortune. （ B） Something people like or love. （ C） The fruit which horses like to eat. （ D） Good luck to the competitors. Section C 26 “Avoid the rush-hour“ must be the slogan of large cities
18、the world over, wherever you look its people, people, people. The trains which leave or arrive every few minutes are packed: an endless【 B1】 _of human sardine tins. The streets are so crowded, and there is hardly any room to move on the pavements. The【 B2】 _for buses reach staggering(令人吃惊的 )proporti
19、ons. It takes ages for a bus to get to you because the traffic on the roads had【 B3】 _become a standstill(停滞 ). Large modern cities are too big to control. They【 B4】 _their own living conditions on the people who inhabit them. City-dwellers are obliged by their environment to【 B5】 _a wholly unnatura
20、l way of life. They lose touch with the land and【 B6】 _of nature. It is possible to live such an air-conditioned【 B7】_in a large city that you are barely conscious of the seasons. A few flowers in a public park may remind you that it is spring or summer. Few leaves【 B8】 _the pavement may remind you
21、that it is autumn. Beyond that, what is going on in nature seems totally irrelevant. All the simple, good things of life like sunshine and fresh air are at a premium. Tall buildings【 B9】 _the sun. Traffic fumes pollute the atmosphere. Even the distinction between day and night is lost. The flow of t
22、raffic goes on unceasingly and the noise never stops. In addition to all this, city-dwellers live under【 B10】 _threat. The crime rate in most cities is very high. Cities breed crime and violence and are full of places you would be afraid to visit at night. If you think about it, only a madman would
23、choose to live in a large modern city. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 For years, mental health professionals were trained to see children as mere products of their environment that were born good until influenced otherwise; whe
24、re there is constant bad behavior, there must be a bad parent behind it. But while I do not mean to let bad parents off the hook the fact remains that perfectly decent parents can【 C1】 _toxic(有毒的 )children. When I say “toxic,“ I don t mean psychopathic(精神变态的 ) those children who【 C2】 _into petty cri
25、minals(小混混 ), killers and everything in between. One of my patients told me about his son, now 35, who despite his many【 C3】_was short-tempered and rude to his parents refusing to return their phone calls and e-mails, even when his mother was【 C4】 _ill. He told me, “We have racked our【 C5】 _trying t
26、o figure why our son treats us this way. We dont know what we did to【 C6】 _this. “ Apparently very little, as far as I could tell. We marvel at the spirited child who【 C7】 _the most toxic parents and home environment and goes on to a life of success. Yet, not everyone is going to turn out to be【 C8】
27、 _ any more than everyone will turn out nice and loving. And that is not necessarily because of【 C9】 _failure or a poor environment. It is because everyday character traits, like all human behavior, have natural and genetic elements that cannot be【 C10】 _entirely by the best environment. A)advantage
28、s F)gravely K)parental B)blossom G)head L)problems C)brains H)influence M)produce D)brilliant I)intelligent N)shaped E)deserve J)nearly O)survives 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46 Cigarettes Are Enlisted to Test Ways of Quitting
29、A)When a truck recently delivered 45 000 cartons of cigarettes to a research company in North Carolina, it was a turning point in the governments war on smoking. These were no ordinary cigarettes, but experimental ones, made of genetically altered tobacco to lower the nicotine content by 97 percent
30、while preserving all the other tastes and smells and rituals for smokers of conventional cigarettes. B)Researchers had been seeking a new and bigger supply because shortages had limited previous studies to just dozens of people. The experimental cigarettes are produced by a Massachusetts company, th
31、e 22nd Century Group, which holds 98 patents for genetic manipulation of tobacco plants to reduce or increase the amount of nicotine in cigarettes. C)The National Institutes of Health(NIH)bought nine million of these cigarettes, marked “for research purposes only,“ from the 22nd Century Group as par
32、t of a broadening scientific effort to find ways to regulate cigarettes so that they are nonaddictive. The Spectrum brand test cigarettes have eight different levels of nicotine for research, from a nicotine content of 3 percent to 100 percent of the nicotine in the best-selling Marlboro Gold, thoug
33、h a 97 percent reduction is the most common level. D)Dr. Nora D. Volkow, director of the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the NIH, which oversees the work, called the delivery crucial for the new federal research projects. These include last months award of $2.5 million for the first year of a pl
34、anned five-year series of studies into threshold(门槛 )levels of nicotine addiction and the possible impact of a sharp reduction in nicotine on smoking and public health. E)One study of the test cigarettes will follow about 500 smokers over six months to determine whether they are more likely to quit
35、if they switch to those cigarettes quickly or gradually. The research, led by Dorothy K. Hatsukami, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Minnesota, and Eric C. Donny, associate professor of psychology at the University of Pittsburgh, will use about 1. 5 million of the recently acquired cig
36、arettes. F)For researchers, the availability of a new supply of test cigarettes is “a game changer,“ said Mitch Zeller, co-chairman of the Tobacco Harm Reduction Network at the National Cancer Institute and a consultant on nicotine replacement products. “Its still all about the nicotine. Only now we
37、 have the power to do something about it.“ G)At the same time, officials in the $ 80 billion tobacco industry have warned of unexpected side effects from addiction withdrawal and black market products, complex issues the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)will have to study in considering regulation.
38、Under a 2009 law giving the FDA authority over tobacco products, the agency cannot ban nicotine, but can require that it be reduced to extremely low levels if that is proved to benefit public health. H)“We really need to have good science to determine whether this might be a product standard, and to
39、 have good science, we need reduced-nicotine cigarettes,“ said Dr. Hatsukami, who is also a member of the FDA Tobacco Products Scientific Advisory Committee. Her work stalled when companies stopped making very-low-nicotine cigarettes. “In the middle of a study, we dont have the cigarettes,“ she said
40、. “No one has ever sought FDA approval of a cigarette as a medical device,“ Joseph Pandolfino, the founder and chief executive of 22nd Century, said in an interview. Preliminary studies show smokers can have an easier time quitting if they cut down on the nicotine while still being able to do all th
41、e other things they do with cigarettes, he said, but larger studies are needed. I)The growing industry of quit-smoking products has not further dented(削减 )the rather steady rate of smoking recently in the United States, which has stayed at about 20 percent since 2004 after years of notable decline.
42、A new crop of electronic cigarettes and smokeless tobacco products seem aimed more at getting smokers through smoke-free times rather than quitting. J)Earlier this month, the FDA and NIH also announced they were starting a $ 118 million study to track about 44 000 people over five years to assess us
43、age trends, risk perception, quit-smoking attempts and the possible impact of new tobacco regulations. In 2006, a federal judge found that tobacco companies had designed cigarettes to precisely control the amount of nicotine and provide doses sufficient for addiction, while concealing much of their
44、nicotine research. They marketed so-called light cigarettes, which delivered a lower dose to smoking machines because of holes in the filter, but the same dose or worse to smokers who compensated by covering the holes with their lips and drawing harder. K)In two small studies by Dr. Hatsukami and Dr
45、. Benowitz, the genetically altered cigarettes were found to defeat the phenomenon of smoker “compensation. “ But researchers said they needed much more evidence. Tests so far on the experimental cigarettes are encouraging enough that Dr. Hatsukami is going into a Phase 3 clinical trial. That means
46、Phase 2 trials have proven effectiveness on humans. Phase 3 measures both effectiveness and safety. 22nd Century is also planning to start Phase 3 trials next year. The studies are examining gradual or rapid reductions of nicotine. In a regulated marketplace, the government could set limits on nicot
47、ine and ratchet down(逐步减少 ). And teenagers could still experiment with cigarettes, as they are wont to do, without getting addicted. L)“Its a hot topic,“ said Clifford E. Douglas, director of the University of Michigan Tobacco Research Network. “But as difficult as menthol(薄荷醇 )has been, nicotine wi
48、ll be more difficult, because its not 15 million smokers, its every smoker in the United States.“ The FDAs advisory panel has not put nicotine on its agenda yet, which is why Dr. Gregory N. Connolly, a Harvard professor of public health and antismoking advocate, said he resigned from the FDA panel i
49、n December. M)“After 50 years of knowing cigarettes cause cancer, its nice to know we have a supply we can investigate,“ Dr. Connolly said. “But the real issue is the FDA should have begun a process two years ago to see if we can eliminate nicotine in cigarettes, at least for children. If we can put a man on the moon, we can get rid of nicotine. “ 47 Before 2004 the rate of smoking in America went into sharp decline. 48 Though the genetically altered cig
