1、大学英语四级（ 2013年 12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 97及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Dining Out in a Fast Food Restaurant following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1快餐行业目前的形势。 2快餐在中国流行的原因。 3快餐行业在中
2、国的前景。 Section A （ A） At the department store. （ B） At the office. （ C） In the restaurant. （ D） In the drug store. （ A） The man shouldnt expect her to go along. （ B） She doesnt think she has enough money. （ C） Shell go even though the movie is bad. （ D） The man should count the number of people going
3、. （ A） She thinks the time has passed quickly. （ B） She thinks it s after midnight. （ C） She doesn t believe the man. （ D） She doesn t care what time it is. （ A） He doesn t receive letters from Canada. （ B） His roommate would like to trade stamps. （ C） He cant give the woman the stamps. （ D） The wom
4、an should ask her sister for extra stamps. （ A） He didnt know David was arriving on Tuesday. （ B） He s usually busy on Tuesday nights. （ C） He doesn t like to drive at night. （ D） David doesnt arrive until Wednesday. （ A） He enjoyed the exhibit, too. （ B） He has read about the exhibit. （ C） He knows
5、 many local artists. （ D） He needs to finish his reading first. （ A） Mike s friends frequently help him. （ B） Mike is very busy at this time of year. （ C） Mike should have kept his word. （ D） Mike is always willing to help his friends. （ A） He cant go too far away. （ B） The cafeteria isn t too noisy
6、. （ C） He prefers to eat in a quiet place. （ D） It won t be easy to find a restaurant. （ A） At home. （ B） In the office. （ C） In a computer store. （ D） In a bar. （ A） Chicago. （ B） Hong Kong. （ C） San Francisco. （ D） Illinois. （ A） Stay at home. （ B） Attend a computer course. （ C） Celebrate his moth
7、ers birthday. （ D） Go to San Francisco. （ A） World Wide Web is the Internet. （ B） The first thing the man did when he got up was to turn on the computer. （ C） Today is the birthday of the man s mother. （ D） The woman is not good at computer. （ A） In the office. （ B） At home. （ C） In a library. （ D）
8、In a book store. （ A） It is easier to change others than change yourself. （ B） What is a most common annoying type of boss like. （ C） How to keep a relationship with your co-workers. （ D） Stop complain and do something. （ A） She is interested in this book. （ B） She is the author of this book. （ C） S
9、he is an expert in this field. （ D） She is a great boss. Section B （ A） It should only be attempted by experienced researchers. （ B） It may cause researchers to avoid publishing good work. （ C） It is currently being done to excess. （ D） It can be useful in planning future research. （ A） The research
10、 has not been written in an interesting way. （ B） The research has been done in unimportant fields. （ C） The researchers did not adequately establish the relationships involved. （ D） The researchers failed to provide an appropriate summary. （ A） It is more difficult than the students researchers may
11、 realize. （ B） The researcher should get help from other people. （ C） The questions should be brief so that they will be understood. （ D） It is important to follow formulas closely. （ A） In the white page. （ B） In the blue page. （ C） In the yellow page. （ D） In a special section. （ A） On the first p
12、age of the telephone book. （ B） At the end of the telephone book. （ C） In the front of the white page. （ D） Right after the white page. （ A） Check your number and call again. （ B） Tell the operator what has happened. （ C） Ask the operator to put you through. （ D） Ask the operator what has happened.
13、（ A） College. （ B） High school. （ C） Sports event. （ D） Park. （ A） Johnny Bell. （ B） John Campbell. （ C） Johnny Campbell. （ D） Johnny Camp. （ A） In 1898. （ B） In 1938. （ C） In 1913. （ D） In 1930. （ A） They jump and dance in front of the crowd and shout the name of their team. （ B） Their job is to ex
14、cite the crowd. （ C） They want their team to win the game. （ D） All of the above. Section C 26 Today, air travel is far safer than【 B1】 _a car on a busy motorway. But there is a danger that grows every year. From the moment the airplane takes off to the moment it lands, every 【 B2】 _is watched on ra
15、dar screens. Air-traffic controllers tell the pilot【 B3】 _when to turn, when to climb and when to come down. The air-traffic controllers around a busy airport may 【 B4】 _ 1,000 planes a day. Any plane that flies near the airport comes under the orders of the controllers there. Even a small mistake o
16、n their part could be a【 B5】 _. Recently, such a disaster almost happened. Two large jets were flying towards the airport. One was carrying 69 【 B6】_and had come from Toronto; the other was carrying 176 passengers from Chicago. An air-traffic controller noticed on his radar screen that the two plane
17、s were too close to each other. He ordered one to the right and to【 B7】 _, but he made a mistake. He ordered the wrong plane to do this. So,【 B8】 _turning away from the second plane, the first plane turned towards it. Fifteen seconds later, it flew directly in front of the second plane. They【 B9】 _e
18、ach other by the smallest part of a second. The distance between them was less than that of a large swimming pool. This is an【 B10】_of the danger that grows every year. 27 【 B1】 28 【 B2】 29 【 B3】 30 【 B4】 31 【 B5】 32 【 B6】 33 【 B7】 34 【 B8】 35 【 B9】 36 【 B10】 Section A 36 Different things usually st
19、and for different feelings. Red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. People say red is an exciting and active color. They【 C1】_red with a strong feeling like anger. Red is used for signs of【 C2】 _, such as STOP signs and fire engines. Orange is the bright, warm color of【 C3】 _in
20、 autumn. People say orange is a【 C4】 _color. They associate orange with happiness. Yellow is the color of【 C5】 _. People say it is a cheerful color. They associate yellow too, with happiness. Green is the cool color of grass in【 C6】 _. People say it is a refreshing color. In general, people talk abo
21、ut two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. The warm colors are red, orange and【 C7】 _. Where there are warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be【 C8】 _. Those who like to be with others like red. The cool colors are black and blue. Where are these colors, people are usually
22、 worried. Some scientists say that time seems to go by more slowly in a room with warm colors. They suggest that a warm color is a good way for a living room or a【 C9】 _. People who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly.【 C10】 _colors are better for some offices if the peo
23、ple working there want time to pass quickly. A)cool B)active C)directed D)sunlight E)delightful F)sleepy G)leaves H)hospital I)restaurant J)associate K)hesitate L)spring M)yellow N)danger O)black 37 【 C1】 38 【 C2】 39 【 C3】 40 【 C4】 41 【 C5】 42 【 C6】 43 【 C7】 44 【 C8】 45 【 C9】 46 【 C10】 Section B 46
24、Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage. B)The World Health Organization recommends using a form
25、ula that takes into account a person s height and weight. The “Body Mass Index“(BMI)is calculated by dividing the persons weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 2
26、9.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese. C)However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very differen
27、t fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation(IDF
28、)are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference. Health Effects of Obesity D)Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that “persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender“. This observation remains very true tod
29、ay. Obesity has a major impact on a person s physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2(“mature onset diabetes“)and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats,
30、 and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known. Cancer E)Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a
31、 result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for
32、 men. F)The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a womans menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the
33、higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resu
34、lting in lower predisposition to breast cancer. G)The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world! Aging H)Research published by St Thomas Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to
35、 the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a womans biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a wo
36、mans biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men. I)The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny “caps“ on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the
37、 ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the “chromosomal clock“ because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the
38、 chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres. Dementia J)Recent research(2005)c
39、onducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher. K)Scie
40、ntists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information
41、 to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia. Other Problems L)The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern
42、, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional “palpation“ examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese a growing
43、proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency cae-sarean section. M)This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and ultimatel
44、y, even bigger than AIDS. 47 The predictive test will help people to change lifestyle, which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia. 48 Women from less affluent nations tend to have much less breast cancer. 49 Obesity would affect a person s emotional well-being. 50 Obese people in middle ag
45、e run an increased risk of dementia. 51 Obesity has something to do with cancer in the prostate gland for man. 52 A non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to her biological age. 53 Whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage can be ju
46、dged according to the height-weight table. 54 The excess body fat, like the chemicals present in tobacco smoke, can lead to inflammation. 55 “Body Mass Index“ is limited in defining a persons weight ideal, because it does not takes into account many variables such as age, gender and ethnic origin. 5
47、6 The world-wide upsurge in obesity, especially in children, will possibly drain economies. Section C 56 There are three kinds of goals: short-term, medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities, which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goal
48、s can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possible months. It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation, our long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should
49、 date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed. The intermediate goals bulk on the foundation of the short-range goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the bel
