1、大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 15及答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 0 A subject which seems to have been insufficie
2、ntly studied by doctors and psychologist is the influence of geography and climate on the psychological and physical health of humankind. There seems no doubt that the general character of landscape, the relative length of day and night, and climate must all play a part in determining what kind of p
3、eople we are. It is true that a few studies have been made. Where all the inhabitants of a particular area enjoy exceptionally good or bad health, scientists have identified contributory factors such as the presence or absence of substances like iodine, fluoride, calcium, or iron in the water supply
4、, or perhaps types of land that provide breeding places for pests like mosquitoes or rats. Moreover, we can all generalize about types of people we have met. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less lively than inhabitants of countries where the climate
5、is more equable(稳定的 ). And where olives and oranges grow, the inhabitants are cheerful, talkative, and casual. But these commonplace generalizations are inadequate the influence of climate and geography should be studied in depth. Do all mountain dwellers live to a ripe old age? Does the drinking of
6、 wine, rather than beer, result in a sunny and open character? Is the strength and height of a Kenyan tribe due to their habitual drinking of the cow blood? We are not yet sure of the answers to such questions, but let us hope that something beneficial to humankind may eventually result from such st
7、udies. 1 The authors purpose of writing this passage is to _. （ A） alert readers to the scarcity of natural resources （ B） call for more research on the influence of geographical environment （ C） introduce different elements in character cultivation （ D） draw more attention to the health condition o
8、f mankind 2 It can be inferred that proper amounts of iodine, fluoride and calcium can_. （ A） benefit peoples physical health （ B） influence the quality of water supply （ C） help provide breeding places for pests （ D） strengthen a persons character 3 How does the author evaluate the generalizations
9、of peoples types in Para. 3? （ A） Such generalizations help us judge the different characters of people we meet. （ B） Such generalizations are not inclusive enough to draw a convincing conclusion. （ C） Such generalizations prove that nature plays an important role in determining social habits. （ D）
10、Such generalizations show that there are mainly two different types of people on the planet. 4 According to the passage, research into the influence of climate and geography should_. （ A） focus on unknown aspects （ B） be pursued on a larger scale （ C） be carried out among remote tribes （ D） go ahead
11、 in depth 5 What do we know about the generalizations of peoples type? （ A） People who like drinking wine tend to be optimistic. （ B） People who live in mountain areas tend to have a long life. （ C） People who live in areas with stable climate tend to be talkative and lively. （ D） People who like dr
12、inking cow blood tend to be strong and tall. 5 The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.“ In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the
13、 butcher (肉商 ), the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余的 ) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, f
14、resh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling. What refrigeration did promote was
15、marketing marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price. Consequently, most of the worlds fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild tempera
16、tures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated house while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge. The fridges e
17、ffect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you dont believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers (汉堡包 ), but at least youll get rid of that terrible hum.
18、6 The statement “In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.“ (Line 1, Para. 2) suggests that _. （ A） the author was well-fed and healthy even without a fridge in his fifties （ B） the author was not accustomed to use fridges even in his fifties （ C） there was no fridge in the a
19、uthors home in the 1950s （ D） the fridge was in its early stage of development in the 1950s 7 Why does the author say that nothing was wasted before the invention of fridges? （ A） People would not buy more food than was necessary. （ B） Food was delivered to people two or three times a week. （ C） Foo
20、d was sold fresh and did not get rotten easily. （ D） People had effective ways to preserve their food. 8 Who benefited the least from fridges according to the author? （ A） Inventors. （ B） Consumers. （ C） Manufacturers. （ D） Travelling salesmen. 9 Which of the following phrases in the fifth paragraph
21、 indicates the fridges negative effect on the environment? （ A） Hum away continuously. （ B） Climatically almost unnecessary. （ C） Artificially-cooled space. （ D） With mild temperatures. 10 What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges? （ A） Neutral. （ B） Critical. （ C） Objective. （ D） Compromi
22、sing. 10 The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate (硅酸盐 ) that are semi-molten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust. There are two kinds of crust, a lower and denser oceanic crust and an upper, lighter continental crust found over only
23、about 40 percent of the Earths surface. The rocks of the crust are of very different ages. Some continental rocks are over 3,000 million years old, while those of the ocean floor are less than 200 million years old. The crusts and the top, solid part of the mantle, totaling about 70 to 100 kilometer
24、s in thickness, at present appear to consist of about 15 rigid plates, 7 of which are very large. These plates move over the semi-molten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical (地形学的 ) features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, int
25、erconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates. There are three main types of zones of contact: spreading contacts where plates move apart, converging contacts where plates move towards each other, and transform contacts where plates slide past each other. New oceanic crust is formed along one or
26、more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earths crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions (爆发 ) of lava (火山熔岩 ) at mid-ocean ridges. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift (裂缝 ) is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded b
27、y the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates moved in opposite directions. When two plates carrying continents collide, the continental blocks, too light to be drawn down, continue to float and therefore buckle (起褶皱 ) to form a mountain chain along the leng
28、th of the margin of the plates. 11 The Earths crust_. （ A） can be classified into two types （ B） is formed along the margins of the plates （ C） consists of semi-molten rocks （ D） is about 70 to 100 kilometers thick 12 The 15 plates of the Earth are formed from _. （ A） the oceanic crusts and continen
29、tal crusts （ B） the crusts and the mantle （ C） the crusts and the top and solid part of the mantle （ D） the continental crusts and the solid part of the mantle 13 Seriously-deformed zones appear_. （ A） whenever the crusts move over mantle （ B） when the plates move towards each other （ C） in the narr
30、ow boundaries where two plates meet （ D） to be the major topographical feature of the Earth 14 According to the second paragraph, the formation of the Atlantic Ocean is the example of_. （ A） spreading contacts （ B） the influence of volcanic eruptions （ C） converging contacts （ D） transform contacts
31、15 This passage is probably_. （ A） a newspaper advertisement （ B） a chapter of a novel （ C） an excerpt from a textbook （ D） a scientific report of new findings 15 A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than all other animal species together. Insects have s
32、urvived on earth for more than 300 million years, and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling hot springs. They dig through the ground, jump and
33、sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colors and various shapes. Insects are extremely useful to humans, pollinating (授粉 ) our crops as well as flowers in meadows, forests, deserts and other areas. But ticks and some insects, such as mosquitoes and fleas, can t
34、ransmit disease. There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of temperatures and environments. The one place they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a w
35、ide range of natural and artificial foods paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small, they can hide in tiny spaces. A strong, hard but flexible shell covers their soft organs and is resistant to chemicals, water and physical impact. Their win
36、gs give them the option of flying away from dangerous situations or toward food or mates. Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day. Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective color. An insect may be right befo
37、re our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised like a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen (青苔 ), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colors to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look
38、 like the eyes of a huge predator, confusing their enemies. Some insects also imitate bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemies are fooled into avoiding them. 16 Insects can be found in large amounts in the following places EXCEPT_. （ A） on the mountains with little air （ B） in the cold polar areas （ C
39、） in the hot desert areas （ D） in the open oceans 17 Insects protect themselves from chemicals by_. （ A） hiding in tiny spaces （ B） having a strong shell （ C） flying away when necessary （ D） changing colors or shapes 18 Some insects disguise like natural objects so as to_. （ A） frighten away their e
40、nemies （ B） avoid being discovered （ C） send warning signals （ D） look bitter-tasting 19 The passage mentions that insects_. （ A） can be found in any extreme environments （ B） have survived longer than any other creatures （ C） can be fed on any natural or man-made foods （ D） are important for the gr
41、owth of crops and flowers 20 The passage is mainly about_. （ A） how insects survive in different places （ B） why insects can survive so successfully （ C） what insects can do to the environment （ D） where insects can be found in quantity 大学英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 15答案与解析 Section B Directions: There are 2 passag
42、es in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。本文一开头就提出：关于地理环境对人的影响，研究得还不充分。接下来的每段开头句也都进一步阐述这个观点，如第 2段首句和第 4段首句，结尾句又提出希望，所以正
43、确答案为 B。选项 C和 D没有全面概括环境和人两方面的因素。选项 A完全与文章无关。 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 推理判断题。句中的 good health与后 面的 contributory factors告诉读者选项 A是正确的。选项 B中的 thequalicy是无中生有。选项 C中的provide breeding places for pests在文中的主语是 land。选项 D中的 character跟水中的矿物质无关。 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 观点态度题。紧接第 2段论证环境和健康的关系之后，第 3段看似论述环境和个性
44、的关系，举了两种比较典型的环境和性格特征的例子，但是，第 4段第 1句就把前面的表面现象给否定了，所以此题答案为 B。其他三个选项立场都错了。 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。作者在第 4段第 1句破折号后指出应对地理和气候的影响进行更深入的研究，故选项 D正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实细节题。第 3段第 2句表明选项 C正确。这两段都提到了人的类型的归纳，第 3段中的归纳是正确的，而第 4段中的归纳是有待考证的，因此，本题要依据第 3段描述的类型做出选择。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案】 C
45、【试题解析】 句意理解题。由句中的 childhood可知， fifties指的应该是 50年代，而不可能是 50多岁，据此可排除 A、 B； fridgeless是合成词，由词根fridge“冰箱 ”和表示否定的后缀 -less组成，由可推断其意为 “无冰箱的 ”，故 C正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。在第 2段中，说到 “不会浪费东西 ”前，作者指出把吃剩的面包和牛奶做成蛋糕，以防止浪费，故 D正确。 A、 C在文中并未提及，排除； B所述并非不浪费食物的原因，也可排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 观点态度题。综观全
46、文，作者对认为冰箱不是必备品，最后一段更明确指出，它对人类幸福的贡献微不足道，故可推断，消费者从冰箱中获益最少故 B正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 词义理解题。 A中的 hum指 “发出嗡嗡声 ”，表明冰箱产生的噪音，是对环境的负面作用，故正确。 B、 D只是指出冰箱在实际上没有必要使用的地区却被广泛使用； C仅说明冰箱是对人工加热房间的影响，并不能说明其对环境的影响，故排除。 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 观点态度题。考查作者的观点，可根据文中细节得出答案。第 3段首提到，冰箱对保存食物没有多大贡献，最后一段首则指出它对环境的影响已
47、是显而易见的这些细节都表明作者对冰箱持批评态度。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 事实细节题。选项 A与文章第 1段第 2句所述一致，为正确答案。此类题可采用排除法。根据第 2段第 2句的内容可以知道选项 B所指的只是地壳中的一种，而不是所有地壳。选项 C与文 章第 1句的内容不符。选项 D的主语应该是地壳和上层的地幔不仅仅是地壳。 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 推理判断题。此题可定位到第 1段倒数第 3句。题干中的 15 plates是原文该句中的宾语，且该句的谓语中心词是 consist of(由 组成 )，题干的谓
48、语是 are formed from，这意思一致，但题目用的是被动语态，表明答案可从原文该句的主语得到。主语中的 top和 solid并列修饰 part of the mantle。选项 C为该句的同义替换，故正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 事实细节题。选项 C是对第 1段最后一句的同义改写。文章中没有提到选项 A中 the crusts move over mantle这种现象；选项 B提到的现象在第 2段第 1句才讨论到，与题干无关；文中也没有提到严重变形的地区是地球的主要地形特征，因此选项 D不正确。 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】 A 【试题解
49、析】 事实细节题。第 2段主要分成两部分：第一部分谈板块活动的三种形式，第二部分分别举例说明。其中在说明 spreading contacts时，引用了大西洋的例子： “The Atlantic Ocean formed like this” ，所以答案为 A。 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 主旨大意题。由本文的语言风格和描述内容可以判定这篇文章既不是商业性的，也不是文学性的，同时文中叙述的内容具有科普性质，不可能是太前沿性的，因此 A、 B、 D三项都不正确，选项 C为此题答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 【知识模块】 阅读 16 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题 考查对复合句的理解。本题涉及两个段落，第 2段及第 3段都提及昆虫大量生长的地方第 3段第 3句中的 The one place指出了答案。 【知识模块】 阅读 17 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 事实细节题。本题考查对复杂句的理解。第 4段第 1句指出了答案。 protectfrom 是对 resistant to的同义替换。 【知识模块】 阅读 18 【正确答
