1、山东省成人本科英语模拟试卷 28及答案与解析 一、 Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresp
2、onding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 0 How often do you sit still and do absolutely nothing? The usual answer these days is “never“, or “hardly ever“. As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of
3、 rushing through life, being on the go from morning till night, it is hard to slow down and unwind. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. Stress is a natural part of everyday life. There is no way to avoid it, since it takes many and varied forms driving in traffic, problems with
4、personal relationships are all different forms of stress. Stress, in fact, is not as“ bad“ as it is often reputed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to level performance and ill he
5、alth. The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people thrive on stress, and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others crumple at the sight of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we rea
6、ct both chemically and physically. In fact we invoke(引起 )the “light“ mechanism which in more primitive days made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however minimal the stress, it involves the same response. All the energy is diverted(转移
7、)to cope with the stress with the result that other function, such as digestion, are neglected. It is when such a reaction is prolonged, through continued exposure to stress, that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure, coronary heart disease all have established l
8、inks with stress. The way stress affects a person also varies with the individual. Stress in some people produces stomach disordered, while others succumb to tension headaches. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives, we need to find ways to cope with it. 1 What is the main idea of the talk? （
9、A） Both relaxation and stress are necessary for people to live a healthy and fulfilling life. （ B） People often suffer unpleasant effects of stress without knowing why. （ C） People need stress to stimulate them in work. （ D） Continued stress may be harmful to peoples health. 2 The reason that many p
10、eople find it hard to relax these days is that _. （ A） they are suffering from the effects of excessive stress （ B） they are working harder than they used to （ C） they are often too busy to find time （ D） they have no idea what relaxation means to them 3 The pronoun “it“ in the fourth paragraph refe
11、rs to_. （ A） crisis （ B） stress （ C） reaction （ D） ill health 4 Which of the following would be author most probably disagree? （ A） It is very hard for a person rushing through life to slow down and relax. （ B） Stress as well as relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body. （ C） Only the stro
12、ng-willed people can cope with stress successfully. （ D） Stress that is considered unmanageable for some may be a stimulant for other people. 5 The word “primitive“ in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to which of the following? （ A） simple （ B） very ancient （ C） perfect （ D） important 5 Acupuncture
13、 has been practiced in China for more than 2 000 years, but its using Western world is still very new. Several hospitals in the United States are now experimenting with acupuncture as a way of treating pain. An American journalist who stood beside a patient during an operation in Shanghai recently d
14、escribed the process and its effects. To keep the patient from feeling pain during the operation, four needles were used, each about an inch and a half long. Two needles were inserted under the skin on each side of the patients neck. The tops of the needles were attached to wires which led to a smal
15、l electrical device. Throughout the operation the patient talked calmly to those standing around him, insisting that he felt perfectly normal. How docs acupuncture work? How is it able to keep a patient from feeling pain? No very satisfactory answer has been given, hut there are at least three theor
16、ies. Some doctors believe that acupuncture somehow produces an effect upon the central nervous system. Others believe that acupuncture produces a chemical change in the bodys fluids. Still another theory is that the needles make contact with an unknown system of energy in the body which travels alon
17、g certain routes under the skin. The true explanation may he one of these or a combination of more than one. Or it may be something entirely different. 6 How long has acupuncture been practiced in China? （ A） For 200 years. （ B） For about 200 years. （ C） For over 2 000 years. （ D） For nearly 2 000 y
18、ears. 7 What are doctors in the United States doing with acupuncture? （ A） They are trying to use it as a new way to treat disease. （ B） They are trying to use it as an anesthesia in operation. （ C） They are trying to use it to relieve pain. （ D） They are trying to use it as a means to understand th
19、e human nervous system. 8 Why did the American journalist go to a Shanghai hospital? （ A） To observe how acupuncture is used in an operation. （ B） To talk to a patient who has an operation with acupuncture as anesthesia. （ C） To learn how acupuncture can relieve pain. （ D） To see what the acupunctur
20、e needles are like. 9 How much do Westerners understand the work of acupuncture? （ A） They still find it entirely a mystery. （ B） They are able to explain how and why it works in theory. （ C） They are rather skeptical about it. （ D） They havent found satisfactory answers as to how it works. 10 What
21、can you infer from the passage? （ A） Acupuncture is now practiced all over the world. （ B） What makes acupuncture work can never be explained. （ C） Western doctors are interested in traditional Chinese medical practices. （ D） Acupuncture is used as widely as it was in ancient times. 10 Transportatio
22、n and communication networks bring people together. Yet sometimes people themselves create harriers to transportation and communication. In some countries, laws stop people from moving freely from place to place. Over the centuries, many groups of people have been denied the freedom to travel becaus
23、e of their race, religion, or nationality. In the Middle Ages, for example, Jews were often forbidden to move about freely within certain cities. South Africas government used to require black Africans to carry passes when they travel within the country. Some governments require all citizens to carr
24、y identification papers and to report to government officials whenever they move. Countries set up customs posts at their borders. Foreign travellers must go through a customs inspection before they are allowed to travel in the country. Usually travellers have to carry special papers such as passpor
25、ts and visas. Some countries even limit the number of visitors to their country each year. Others allow tourists to visit only certain areas of the country, or they may require that travellers be with an official guide at all times during their stay. Many of those barriers to travel also act as barr
26、iers to communication. When two governments disagree with each other on important matters, they usually do not want their citizens to exchange news or ideas freely. Countries often try to keep military or industrial information secret. Today, people have the ability to travel, to communicate, and to
27、 transport goods more quickly and easily than ever before. Natural barriers that were difficult or dangerous to be crossed a hundred years ago can now be crossed easily. The barriers that people themselves make are not so easy to overcome. But in spite of all the different kinds of barriers, people
28、continue to enjoy travel and the exchange of goods and ideas. 11 Which of the following is NOT the reason that some people were deprived of the right to travel freely within a country? （ A） They came from different ethnic groups. （ B） They were non-believers. （ C） They were women. （ D） They were not
29、 the citizens of the country. 12 We can summarize from paragraph 2 that_. （ A） people have not been allowed to travel freely within the country （ B） travellers have to carry special papers such as passports and visas （ C） people have not been permitted to travel freely in foreign countries （ D） cust
30、oms posts are necessary at the borders of the countries 13 Some governments limit the freedom of communication because_. （ A） they dont want their citizens to know much other foreign countries （ B） they think such freedom will lead to war （ C） they often disagree with each other on important matters
31、 （ D） they want to show their authority over communication 14 We may learn from the passage that _. （ A） people do not care about the removal of barriers between countries （ B） people can not remove the obstacles made by themselves （ C） man-made barriers are sometimes harder to overcome than natural
32、 ones （ D） barriers should be taken for granted as they always exist 15 Which of the following can serve as the best title of the passage? （ A） Barriers Made by People （ B） Functions of Communication （ C） Restrictions on Transportation （ D） Progress o Human Society 15 Social change is more likely to
33、 occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in i
34、nterest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance for other peoples claims in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where
35、 people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also lik
36、ely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in
37、their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. 16 The passage is mainly discussing_. （ A） the necessity of social change （ B） certain factors that determine
38、 the ease with which social changes occur （ C） different types of social change in two different societies and in different aspects （ D） certain factors that promote social change 17 _is NOT one of the factors that tend to promote social change. （ A） Greater worldly interest （ B） Different points of
39、 view （ C） Greater tolerance （ D） Advanced technology 18 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? （ A） Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society. （ B） Disagreement with and argument about conditions lend to slow down social change
40、. （ C） Social change is less likely to occur in the material aspect of society. （ D） Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young. 19 The expression “greater tolerance“(paragraph 1)refers to_. （ A） greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas （ B） q
41、uicker adaptation to changing circumstances （ C） more respect for different beliefs and behavior （ D） greater willingness to accept social change 20 Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because _. （ A） people there have identical needs and th
42、ey are satisfied with everything （ B） people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change （ C） people there are easy to please （ D） people there are less disappointed 二、 Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%) Directions: In this part, there are 30 in
43、complete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 21 The_of the new episode of Harry Potter movie is so great that ma
44、ny people want to see it. （ A） attack （ B） attraction （ C） attempt （ D） attention 22 The growth of part-time and flexible working patterns, and of training and retraining schemes, _more women to take advantage of employment opportunities. （ A） have allowed （ B） allow （ C） allowing （ D） allows 23 I h
45、ad a hard time_every morning. It might be one of the bad habits 1 formed when I was young. （ A） getting up （ B） to get up （ C） for getting up （ D） when getting up 24 The naturally fortified(强化的 )hills give them the_over the enemy. （ A） benefit （ B） profit （ C） advantage （ D） interest 25 The French c
46、riminal looked like an Englishman, but his foreign accent gave him （ A） over （ B） up （ C） away （ D） in 26 I have not the least_ of hurting your feelings. （ A） purpose （ B） concept （ C） mind （ D） intention 27 But for his courage, the battle_. （ A） was lost （ B） will be lost （ C） would lose （ D） would
47、 have been lost 28 We love peace, yet we are not the kind of people to yield_any military threat. （ A） to （ B） up （ C） in （ D） at 29 When Mary paid the bill, she was given a_for her money. （ A） cheque （ B） ticket （ C） receipt （ D） label 30 I must tell you how_ a letter from you. （ A） pleased I was t
48、o receive （ B） pleased I was to receiving （ C） was I pleased to receive （ D） pleased I was receiving 31 They strongly recommended that you _the area sooner. （ A） leave （ B） left （ C） leaving （ D） to leave 32 The statesman was asked to_on the current events. （ A） recommend （ B） command （ C） commend （
49、 D） comment 33 Before he left his vacation he went to the hank to_ some money. （ A） pull （ B） draw （ C） pick （ D） gain 34 By the time you get to New York, I_for London. （ A） would be leaving （ B） am leaving （ C） have already left （ D） shall have left 35 His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any_of it. （ A） meaning （ B） message （ C） sense （ D） explanation 36 Mikes uncle insists_in this hotel. （ A） staying not （ B） not to stay （ C） that he would
