1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 20及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society, somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact the average citizen is allowed to possess guns. Although it is true that many people carry guns leg
2、ally in the United States, it is also known that many who possess guns carry illegally. Others, who dont have guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire gun with little difficulty. Although
3、most people would never want to own a gun, others have taken up hunting as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in season. Hunting for deer and duck in fall and winter is very much a part of the American culture. Also, some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to protect t
4、heir animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association(NRA)was founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation. The NRA has
5、 great political support in small towns and rural areas, especially in the West and the South, where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the right to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people “to keep and bear arms“. They believe that gun control laws will not
6、 solve the problem of crime and violence in America. Recent events in America, however, have shown that the question of gun possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have gone into classrooms and opened fir
7、e upon their classmates. America has been shocked by such incidents which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings. The day may not be far off when America
8、will be transformed from a gun culture to one which controls their use and possession. 2 Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotion
9、s, such as loneliness, worry, and grief. Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds, facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist, and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of
10、 their society, though heredity(遗传 )may determine some emotional behavior. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means of similar facial expressions. Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion. Darwin said in 1872 that emotional beh
11、avior originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions only if aware of their own internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressur
12、e. But this theory was not upheld by research on cats that had their nervous systems damaged. The cats could not feel their bodys internal changes, but they showed normal emotional behavior. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of psychology called behaviorism, observ
13、ed that babies stimulated by certain events showed three basic emotionsfear, anger, and love. Watsons view has been challenged frequently since he proposed it in 1919. The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of events. The sequence begins when a person encounters a
14、n important event or thought. The persons interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feelin
15、g is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would probably run away. Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are eight basic e-motions. These emotionswhich
16、 can exist at various levels of intensityare anger, fear, joy, sadness , acceptance, disgusts, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They combine to form all other emotions, just as certain basic colors produce all others. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 3 现今，越来越多的人居住在城市。因此，交通繁忙，但通常道路不足，
17、而且很多道路太窄。这就是交通事故多的原因。在全世界的城市中，成千上万的人死伤于交通事故。当然，交通事故也会发生在城市以外的乡村，但那里的交通不那么繁忙，因此交通事故也就没有那么多。 为什么会发生交通事故呢 ?有人说是那些使用道路的人的问题。这就意味着指每一个行人。如果大家都小心一点，事故就不会发生。你同意吗 ? 也有人说，我们应当改善道路情况。 “改善 ”是指 “建造得更好些 ”，我们把道路修得更宽更直一些来改善道路。交通事故通 常发生在狭窄的道路上或拐角处。驾驶员看不到拐角的地方，他们不能看到其他车辆迎面开来。所以有时候，汽车就会相撞。如果道路改善了，拐角就会有所改变。道路不再急转弯了，而是
18、慢慢地拐弯。你知道拐弯是指什么吗 ? 交通事故也经常发生在道路交叉处。那里通常有交通灯。交通灯使一条道路上的车辆停住，让另一条道路上的车辆通过，从而避免车辆相互碰撞。有时候，十字路口没有交通灯而有警察执勤。在有些地方，道路并不交叉，而是一条道路在另一条道路上通过。如果坐在汽车里经过那里，你似乎会感到正在飞越下面的一条道路。 4 凡事应该适度。适度是最安全的。以学生生活为例，有些学生学习太努力，而玩得太少；还有些学生玩得太多，而学习得太少。前者由于缺少体育锻炼弄坏了身体，后者玩得太多而损坏了智力。 在饮食方面，也必须要适度。不要吃得太多或太少，吃得太多你会生病，而吃得太少你会虚弱。 能取得进步的
19、人是那些思想既不太保守而又不太激进的人。太保守的人，他裹足不前，而太激进的人，他就东闯西闯没有明确的目标。心胸宽的人总是在合理的范围内活动。在生活中，无论什么样的活动，适度是通向享受幸福的最好途径之一。 笔译二级实务模拟 试卷 20答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 当一些外国人被问到在美国社会什么事情在他们看来最不寻常时，经常性的回答是普通的美国人都可以持有枪支。 虽然美国许多人都是依法持有枪支，但是也有很多人不法持有枪支。没有枪支的人觉得获得枪支很容易。最近一项调查显示，许多高中学生，尤其是住在城市里的高中
20、学生，很容易便可以得到枪支。 尽管一些美国人并不愿意持有枪支，但是其他一些美国人则认为持枪狩猎是一种运动。在秋冬季节，这种活动已经成为美国文化的一部分。 一些饲养牛羊的乡下农民认为，他们应该保护自己的牛群和羊群免受夜晚出洞的狼的袭击。 1871年，为了保护和支持他们持有枪支的权益，美国步枪协会成立了。这个组织主要的职责就是阻止枪支限制法的通过。美国步枪协会得到小城镇和乡下地区政治上的强力支持，尤其是西部和南部地区。认为持枪合法的人坚信，宪法给人 “拥有和携带武器 ”的权利。他们觉得枪支限制法律不会解决美国犯罪和暴力事件。 然而，最近发生的许多事情都表明美国枪支泛滥，民众呼吁对枪支进行限制。因为
21、在 看似平静的校园里也频繁地发生枪击事件，无辜市民和外国游人不时地被持枪者杀掉的事实迫使立法者们采取行动制定法律。 也许在不远的将来，美国会把持枪文化转变成限制枪支使用的文化。 2 【正确答案】 情感是人们对于某种重大事件或想法产生的感觉或反应。人们都喜欢享受像爱、幸福和满意等情感，也尽量避免去感受像孤独、焦虑和悲痛等情感。 人们通过语言、各种声音、面部表情和手势等来交流自己的情感。比如说，气愤有可能使人皱眉、握拳或者尖叫。虽然遗传可能决定人们在情感上的一些行为表现，但是更多的时候是 从社会其他成员那里学会了表达情感的方式。研究表明，那些被隔离的不同人群在表达情感的时候有着相似的面部表情。 以
22、自然选择理论闻名的克莱尔 -达尔文也研究情感。 1872年，达尔文提出，情感的行为最初是为了生存需要和交流。根据詹姆斯 -兰格于 19世纪 80年代提出的情感理论，一个人体内对心跳加速和血压升高这些生理变化作出反应，并且只有在意识到这些变化的时候，才会有不同情感的产生。但是这个理论在另一个研究中 在一只神经受损的猫身上所进行的研究 没有得到支持。猫感觉不到内在的变化，但是它的行为很正常。一个名叫约 翰 -沃森的美国心理学家发现了叫做行动主义的心理学派。他观察到被某事所刺激的婴儿会表现出三种基本情感 害怕、生气和喜欢。 1919年，沃森提出了这个观点，此后，它经常遭到挑战。 最被广泛接受的观点就
23、是情感伴随着一系列复杂事件一起发生。当一个人遇到重大的事情或想法的时候，这一些复杂的反应就开始了。那么一个人对这些事情或想法的解释决定了他在随后会有什么样的情感。例如，在树林里遇到熊的人可能会把这个事件理解为危险，危险的感觉会让这个人感觉恐惧。每种感觉都会伴随着生理变化和采取行动的欲望，这就是对引发先后顺序的事件的反应。因此，遇到熊的人可能会逃走。 一些神经学家进一步独立地发展了这种理论，认为人至少有 8种情感。分别是：生气、害怕、高兴、伤心、赞同、厌恶、惊讶以及兴趣或好奇 。它们能够在不同程度的情感中存在。然后这些情感相互结合就会产生其他情感，好比在绘画中，由几种特定的原料相互搭配可以产生其
24、他色调一样。 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 3 【正确答案】 Nowadays more and more people live in cities. As a result, there is a big traffic, but there are not usually enough roads, and many of the roads are too narrow. That is why there are a lot of traffic accidents. Among the cities all over th
25、e world thousands of people are killed or hurt in traffic accidents. Of course, traffic accidents may happen outside cities in the countryside, but there is not so much traffic, so there are not so many accidents. Why do accidents happen? Some people say that it is the fault of the people who use th
26、e roads. That means everybody! If everyone is careful, there will be no accidents. Do you agree? Other people say that we must improve our roads. “Improve“ means “make better“. We improve roads by making them wider and straighter. Accidents often occur on roads or in corners. Drivers cannot see arou
27、nd comers. They cannot see other vehicles coming towards them. Therefore, they sometimes crash into each other. When roads are improved, corners are changed. The road does not turn very quickly, but bends slowly. Do you know what a “bend“ refers to? Accidents also happen on the crossing in the roads
28、. There are usually traffic lights there. The traffic lights stop the cars in one road and let the cars in the other go on, which avoids them crashing into each other. Sometimes there is a policeman instead of traffic lights on the crossing. On some occasion, roads do not cross, instead, one road go
29、es above the other. If you pass through there in a bus, you may feel that you are flying over the road below. 4 【正确答案】 One should be moderate in all things. Moderation is always the safest way. Lets take the student life for instance. There are some who study too hard and play too little, and there
30、are others who plays too much and study too little. On the one hand, this is harmful to the body through lack of exercise; and, on the other hand, to the mind through much play. In the matter of eating, one also should be moderate. Do not eat too much or too little. Too much eating will make you sic
31、k, while too little eating will make you weak. The man of progress is he who is neither too conservative in thought nor too radical. In the former case he does not move, and in the latter he is restlessthat is, without a definite aim. The broad-minded man is he who likes moves within the orbit of reasonableness. Whether in any activities in life, moderation is one of the best way to enjoy real happiness.
