1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about. With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season, a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at
2、markets, was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here. “With a bit of luck, you can make $350 on a day like this,“ Lauro Souza Almeida, a leader of the local fishermens cooperative, exulted as he moved into position. “That is a fortune for people like us,“ he said, the
3、equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work. But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel, a “mother boat“ equipped with large ice chests for storage and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft. The crew on board was just waiting for the r
4、emainder of the fish to move into the river s main channel, where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets. A symbol of abundance to the rest of the world, the Amazon is experiencing a crisis of overfishing. As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worr
5、isome levels, tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals, who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of city-dwellers in Brazil and abroad. In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring cou
6、ntries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes. But that effort, increasingly successful, has only encouraged the commercial fishing operations, as well as some of the peasants less disciplined neighbors, to step up their depredations. “The indu
7、strial fishing boats, the big 20-to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account,“ said the president of the local fishermens union. “They want to sweep everything up with their dragnets and then
8、move on, benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing.“ SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 Most of the worlds victims of AIDS live and, at an alarming rate, die in Africa. The number of people living with AIDS in Africa was estimated at 26.6 million in late 2003. New
9、figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS (UNAIDS), the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic, will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa, but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling. AIDS is most prevalent in
10、 Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers; other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia. AIDS was raging in Eastern Africa where it was called “slim“, after the appearance of victims wasting away within a few years a
11、fter its emergence was established in the world in 1981. One theory of the origin of the virus and syndrome suggests that they started in the eastern Congo basin; however, the conflicting theories about the origin of AIDS are highly controversial and politicized, and the controversy is far from bein
12、g settled. Measures being taken all over Africa include, first of all, campaigns of public awareness and device, including advice to remain faithful to one sexual partner and to use condoms. The latter advice is widely ignored or resisted owing to natural and cultural aversion to condoms and to Chri
13、stian and Muslim teaching, which places emphasis instead on self-restraint. An important part of anti-AIDS campaigns, whether organized by governments, nongovernmental organizations or both, is the extension of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). In addition, medical research has found a way to
14、help sufferers, though not to cure them. Funds for anti-AIDS efforts are provided by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, a partnership between governments, civil society, the private sector and affected communities around the world; the fund was launched following a call by the
15、UN Secretary-General in 2001. However, much more is needed if the spread of the pandemic is to be at least halted. 3 As a leader of a least developed country, I speak from experience when I say that poverty is too complex a phenomenon, and the strategies for fighting it too diverse and dependent on
16、local circumstances, for there is no single silver bullet in the war on poverty. We have learned the hard way over the years. We have experimented with all kinds of ideas. Yet a report recently released by the World Economic Forum shows that barely a third of what should have been done by now to ens
17、ure the world meets its goals to fight poverty, hunger and disease by 2015 is done. I am now convinced that the Millennium Development Goals set by the United Nations in 2000 can only be attained through a global compact, anchored in national policies that take into account local circumstances. Aid
18、and trade are both necessary, but they are not enough on their own. Neither is good governance enough in itself. Above all, nothing can move without the direct participation of local communities. I fear that we lecture too much. This is not the best way. I will give an example of how such a compact
19、worked in Tanzania to achieve universal basic schooling. In the mid-1990s, almost all indicators for basic education were in free fall. The gross enrollment rate had fallen from 98 percent in the early 1980s to 77.6 percent in 2000. The net enrollment rate had likewise fallen, from over 80 percent t
20、o only 58.8 percent. Then several things happened. We decided at the top political level that basic education would be a top priority, and adopted a five-year Primary Education Development Plan to achieve universal basic education by 2006 nine years ahead of the global target. Good governance produc
21、ed more government revenues, which quadrupled over the last eight years. In 2001, we received debt relief under the World Banks enhanced HIPC (heavily indebted poor countries) Initiative. Subsequently, more donors put aid money directly into our budget or into a pooled fund for the Primary Education
22、 Development Program (PEDP). The governments political will was evidenced by the fact that over the last five years the share of the national budget going to poverty reduction interventions rose by 130 percent. We abolished school fees in primary schools. Then we ensured that all PEDP projects are l
23、ocally determined, planned, owned, implemented and evaluated. This gave the people pride and dignity in what they were doing. After only two years of implementing PEDP, tremendous successes have been achieved. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 奥林匹克运动的生命力和非凡魅力在于在奥林匹克运动中居核心地位的奥林匹克精神。体育的目的
24、在于追求人类身心全面发展，并在此基础上促进社会的发展和进步。现代奥林匹克运动的创始人顾拜旦 (Pieere de Coubertin)认为体育是全人类的一项伟大事业。他将奥林匹克运动的目标设定为促进不同国家、不同文化之间的相互理解，从而 促进和维护世界和平，推进人类文明。这一理想使奥林匹克运动得以经百年而不衰。作为全世界奥林匹克大家庭成员的一个盛大聚会，奥林匹克运动已经成为促进世界和平、进步与发展的一支重要社会力量。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points) 5 党的执政方式与政府职能转变带来的组织约束机制和资源获取方式的变化，全球化形势下国际妇女组
25、织运作模式的影响，民间妇女团体大量涌现引发的组织竞争合作格局的改变，妇女群体利益需求多元化的挑战以及组织内部的结构性问题与强烈的变革愿望是妇联寻求组织变革的直接动因。实现这一变革的途径包括重新调整和发展妇联组织与党和政府的关系，拓展妇联组织的职能，实施资源开发战略，对妇联组织的组织结构、组织制度和组织功能进行渐进式变革，使妇联组织在主动适应内外部环境的变迁中获得不断的发展。 6 在战地，我们的生活特别快乐。虽然我们睡的是潮湿的地铺，喝的是泥沟里的污水，吃的是硬饭冷菜，穿的是单薄的衣裤，盖着从上海妇女慰劳会 (Shanghai Womens Armed Forces Relief Associa
26、tion)捐赠的薄被， 睡在朔风凛冽的堂屋里，但我们这一群平时过惯了舒服生活的小姐，一点也不感觉到辛苦。病了时，反正有的是看护；冷起来时，七八个人挤作一堆；缸里没有水了，自己去挑；灶里没有柴，自己去砍；至于洗衣、扫地、烧饭，更是我们每天必做的勤务。我们当中，有两个会理发的，三个会缝衣的，五个会做拿手好菜的；还有喜欢写新诗的、写旧诗的、写小说的、演剧的、唱歌的，各种各样的人才都有。 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 5答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答 案】 在亚马逊河的这一支流上捕鱼的农民就希望遇上那天的情况。 旱季最缺水的时
27、候，河面迅速下降，一大群鲈鱼正游进从十几只小船上撒下的网里。鲈鱼味道鲜美，能在市场上卖个好价钱。 “要是运气不错，赶上今天这种情况，就能挣 350美元， ”劳鲁 ?苏扎 ?阿尔梅达说道。他是当地渔民合作社的一位负责人。他一边兴高采烈地说着，一边摆好了架式准备干活。他说： “对我们这样的人来说，这可是一大笔钱呀。 ”因为就算一个人运气好，能找到工作，按最低工资计算，要四个月才能挣这么些钱。 然而就在不远的地方，有一只 大型商业渔船在游弋，那是一只 “母船 ”，备有巨大的储藏冰柜，还拖着十几只小船。船员都在船上等候，等到剩余的鱼进入主河道以后，他们就用高效率的刺网进行捕捞，能捞多少，就捞多少。 亚
28、马逊河在世界上是物产丰富的标志，但它现在正经受一场过量捕鱼的危机。随着人们最喜爱的各种鱼类数量日渐减少，到了令人担忧的地步，靠打鱼糊口的渔民和他们商业对手之间的紧张关系也日益加剧，因为这些对手一心想着装满自己的船舱，以满足巴西乃至国外城里人越来越大的吃鱼胃口。 针对这种情况，亚马逊河沿岸的农民群众，在巴西境内也好， 在秘鲁等邻国也好，纷纷成立合作社，以求控制捕鱼量，增加河湖中鱼的数量。但是，这方面的努力虽日见成效，却促使那些为商业目的而捕鱼的机构以及附近一些不大守规矩的农民加紧进行掠夺。 “那些工业化的渔船，二、三十吨位的，他们的想法跟我们这些靠手工操作的渔民不一样，我们懂得考虑怎样保护环境，
29、 ”当地的渔业工会主席说道。 “他们想用拖网一网打尽，然后又上别处去打。我们出力，他们受益，弄得我们一无所有。 ” 【试题解析】 1 It was one of those days that the peasant fishermen on this tributary of the Amazon River dream about在亚马逊河的这一支流上捕鱼的农民就希望遇上那天的情况。 分析 用词选词采分点。 days不是指 “天气 ”，而是指各方面的综合情况，如果把 one of those days译成“那天那样的日子 ”就太别扭了， “那天的情况 ”最符合汉语习惯。 dream abo
30、ut梦见某事物，这里是农民梦想的东西，所以最好译成 “希望遇上 ”。 2 With water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season， a giant school of bass, a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets， was swimming right into the nets being cast from a dozen small canoes here旱季最缺水的时候，河面迅速下降，一大群鲈鱼正游进从十几只小船上撒下的网里。鲈鱼味道鲜美，能在市场上
31、卖个好价钱。 分析 理解结构采分点。 此句采用分译法。介词短语 with water levels falling rapidly at the peak of the dry season在原文中作状语，可译为时间状语从句。 a tasty fish that fetches a good price at markets是前面 bass的同位语，翻译时，可放在整个长句后面，单独翻译。另外，这个同位语从句可分译成两个汉语的分句：鲈鱼味道鲜美 (a tasty fish)，能在市场上卖个好价钱 (that fetches a good price at markets)。要把 water le
32、vels falling(水面下降 )译为 “河面下降 ”，因为上下文讲的是亚马逊河，所以，译成 “河面下降 ”更好。 at the peak of the dry season最符合汉语习惯表达方式是 “旱季最缺水的时候 ”而不是 “旱季的高峰 ”。 school(鱼、鲸等的 )群： a school of mackerel一群鲭鱼。 3 move into position摆好了架式准备干活 分析 理解结构采分点。 move into position如译成 “进入阵地 ”，不符合语境，原文中渔业协会的负责 人边说话边 “就位 ”(exulted as he moved into posi
33、tion)，也就是 “准备干活 ”，直译不符合汉语的表达法。 4 “That is a fortune for people like us,“ he said, the equivalent of four months at the minimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work他说： “对我们这样的人来说，这可是一大笔钱呀。 ”因为就算一个人运气好，能找到工作，按最低工资计算，要四个月才能挣这么些钱。 分析 理解结构采分点。 把原文中的短语 the equivalent of four months at the mi
34、nimum wage earned by those fortunate enough to find work译成一个表原因的从句。采用断句法，把小的原文短语译成汉语的几个动宾结构 (就算一个人运气好，能找到工作，按最低工资计算， 要四个月才能挣这么些钱 )。采用增词法对原文进行补充说明，使汉语语句能够通川页易懂，如，译文中的 “就算；一个人；计算 ”都是增词。 5 But hovering nearby was a large commercial fishing vessel， a “mother boat“ equipped with large ice chests for stor
35、age and hauling more than a dozen smaller craft然而就在不远的地方，有一只大型商业渔船在游弋，那 是一只 “母船 ”，备有巨大的储藏冰柜，还拖着十几只小船。 分析 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个简单句，由 equipped和 hauling两个词引导的过去分词短语和现在分词短语作定语，但译文不沿用定语结构，而是译成并列结构，由 a “mother boat“ (那是一只 “母船 ”)充当其主语。 6 The crew on board was just waiting for the remainder of the fish to move int
36、o the fivers main channel， where they intended to scoop up as many as they could with their efficient gill nets船员都在船上等候，等到剩余的鱼进入主河道以后，他们就用高效率的刺网进行捕捞，能捞多少，就捞多少。 分析 理解结构采分点。 原句是一个定语从句，但从句子的意思判断，首先应该译成状语从句，即 “以后 ”，其次，要把原文的主句译成汉语的从句，原文中 where部分的从句在译文中译成主句。习惯搭配 the remainder意为 “剩余部分；剩下的人、事物或时间 ”：Then a d
37、ozen people came but the remainder stayed away来了十来个人，其余的没来。 7 As stocks of the most popular species diminish to worrisome levels， tensions are growing between subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals， who are eager to enrich their bottom line and satisfy the growing appetite for fish of cit
38、y-dwellers in Brazil and abroad. 随着人们最喜爱的各种鱼类数量日渐减少，到了令人担忧的地步，靠打鱼糊口的渔民和他们商业对手之间的紧张关系也 Et益加剧，因为这些对手一心想着装满自己的船舱，以满足巴西乃至国外城里人越来越大的吃鱼胃口。 分析 理解结构采分点。 原文是一个包含一个时间状语从句和一 个非限制性定语从句的复合句。在译文中，时间状语从句没变，但要把其中 to引导的表示程度的介词短语 (to worrisome levels)译为一个单独的短句。而 who引导的非限定性定语从句译成一个表原因的状语从句，这是根据汉语的习惯作出的调整，这种情况在翻译中尤其常见，
39、需要译者多加留心和注意运用。 8 In response, peasants up and down the Amazon, here in Brazil and in neighboring countries like Peru, are forming cooperatives to control fish catches and restock their rivers and lakes针对这种情况，亚马逊河沿岸的农民群众，在巴西境内也好，在秘鲁等邻国也好，纷纷成立合作社，以求控制捕鱼量，增加河湖中鱼的数量。 分析 用词选词采分点。 fish catches 指 “捕鱼量 ”。 r
40、estock their rivers and lakes应该采用增词法，添加“鱼的数量 ”，译成 “增加河湖中鱼的数量 ”以便意思 表达完整。 9 “The industrial fishing boats， the big 20-to 30-ton vessels, they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen, who have learned to take the protection of the environment into account,“ said the president of the loc
41、al fishermens union. “They want to sweep-everything up with their dragnets and then move on， benefiting from our work and sacrifice and leaving us with nothing.“ “那些工业化的渔船，二、三十吨位的，他们的想法跟我们这些靠手工操作的渔民不一样，我们懂得考虑怎样保护环境， ”当地的渔业工会主席说道。 “他们想用拖网一网打尽，然后又上别处去打。我们出力，他们受益，弄得我们一无所有。 ” 分析 理解结构采分点。 who引导的是定语从句，但应该
42、译成并列句。原句中的两个分词短语 benefiting fromand leaving us 应该分别译成两个独立的句子。英汉句子结构的差异是，英语句子结构紧凑，汉语句子结构较松散，一个句子中有多个小短句。因此，在英译汉时要多注意原文和译文句式的差异，以符合目标语的习惯。 10 they have a different mentality than us artisanal fishermen 他们的想法跟我们这些靠手工操作的 渔民不一样。 分析 用词选词采分点。 mentality不宜直译成 “思想方法 ”； artisanal也不应译成 “技工 ”，而是 “靠手工操作的 ”更贴切。 SE
43、CTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 【正确答案】 世界上大多数艾滋病患者生活在非洲，并以惊人的速度大批死亡。据估计， 2003年底非洲的艾滋病患者达到 2660万人。联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构，该机构将要公布的最新数字可能证实艾滋病 还在非洲继续蔓延，但同时也可以说明它蔓延的速度是维持不变，或在加快，还是在放慢。 艾滋病最猖獗的地区是非洲的东部和南部，在南非、津巴布韦和肯尼亚患者人数最多，疫情严重的国家还包括博茨瓦纳和赞比亚。 1981年艾滋病的出现在世界上得到确认，没过几年，这种病就在非洲东部流行起来 当地
44、人管它叫 “瘦病 ”，因为患者的容貌是日渐消瘦。关于这种病毒的发源地，一种说法是发源于东刚果盆地；然而关于艾滋病来源的说法不一，很有争议，且带有浓厚的政治色彩；这场争论至今还远未结束。 整个非洲都在采取措施，最主要的 是提高公众意识和防范手段，包括建议忠实于一个性伴侣和使用避孕套。人们一般不愿使用避孕套，因为不习惯，还有文化方面的原因，同时它也不符合基督教和伊斯兰教的教义，它们更强调自我约束。在防止艾滋病的活动中，重要的一项就是提倡 “自愿就医检查 ”，这项活动，有的是政府组织的，有的是民间组织的，也有的是政府和民间共同组织的。此外，医学研究也已找到了一种办法，虽然不能治愈，也可对患者有所帮助
45、。 “全球预防艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾基金会 ”是世界各国政府部门、市民社会、私人企业和患病群体的一个协作机构，是应联合国秘书长的 号召，于 2001年发起 成立的。这一机构为防治艾滋病的各项活动提供资金。然而，即便只是为了制止艾滋病的蔓延，这也是远远不够的。 【试题解析】 1 people living with AIDS 分析 理解结构采分点。 根据上下文，这里的主语指的是 “艾滋病人 ”，而不是 “和艾滋病人生活在一起的人们 ”。 2 New figures to be published by the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS(UNAIDS)
46、, the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic， will probably confirm its continued spread in Africa， but they will also show whether the rate of spread is constant, increasing or falling联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构，该机构将要公布的最新数字可能证实艾滋病还在非洲继续蔓延，但同时也 可以说明它蔓延的速度是维持不变，或在加快，还是在放慢。 分析 理解结构采分点
47、。 同位语 the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS(UNAIDS), the special UN agency set up to deal with the pandemic可以被翻译成一个独立的句子，放在译文的开头，即， “联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署是联合国为对付艾滋病而设立的专门机构 ”；翻译时，要注意修饰主语的动词不定式 to be published。不定式多表示将来要 发生的动作，所以，译文应是 “将要公布的 ”。 whether一词可以不译出。 3 the United Nations Joint Program on AIDS(UNA
48、IDS)联合国联合防治艾滋病计划署。 分析 用词选词采分点。 专有名词翻译。 4 AIDS is most prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa, with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers； other countries severely affected include Botswana and Zambia艾滋病最猖獗的地区是非洲的东部和南部，在南非、津巴布韦和肯尼亚患者人数最多，疫情严重的国家还包括博茨瓦纳和赞比亚。 分析 理解
49、结构采分点。 原文是一个含有两个分句的并列句。译文应是一个完整的长句，内含三个独立短句。原文的第一个分句中的独立主格结构 with South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya having the greatest numbers of sufferers译成独立的句子与其他两个分句并列。 5 Zimbabwe and Kenya津巴布韦和肯尼亚 分析 基本素质采分点。 Zimbabwe(津巴布韦 )， Kenya(肯尼亚 )均为表国家的专有名词。 6 AIDS was raging in Eastern Africawhere it was called “slim“, after the appearance of victims wasting awaywithin a few years after its emergence was established in the world in 1981. 1981年艾滋
