1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 8及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 Over the past 50 years, technology has changed the fishing industry dramatically. Today, the romantic, rugged individual fisherman is as threatened a species as the cod and tuna that once swarmed into his nets. This is the cumulative
2、result of more sophisticated fishing gear, more powerful boat engines and a lack of regard for local fishing environments by the multinational enterprises that have come to dominate this business. There are about 30 million professional fishermen worldwide, but 50 percent of the fish caught at sea a
3、re captured by only 1 percent of the boats, notes Xavier Pastor, European vice-president for Oceans, a non-profit international advocacy group for the worlds oceans. “Industrialized fishing is leading to the disappearance of the small fisherman,“ he observes, with concomitant damage to both fish sto
4、ck and to local economies and social structures. “Some fleets are just too big,“ Pastor says. “They are very efficient at taking the last fish in an area, then they move on to something else.“ This transformation has led to a global fishing crisis that is endangering most of the planets commercial s
5、tocks. Oceans reports that industrial fishing worldwide yields between 80 million and 100 million tons of fish, but it also generates 27 million tons of discards (marine organisms thrown back into the water after they have been caught), causing negative effects on the ecosystem that will last for de
6、cades. According to the Fond and Agricultural Organization, the commercial productivity of the oceans is at an all-time low, with 75 percent to 80 percent of the worlds major fisheries overexploited, fully exploited or recovering from depletion. “We are not anti-fishing,“ emphasizes Pastor. “Fishing
7、 is important. We Want to make sure that future generations can do the same.“ SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 Eurasians: The New Face of Asia Fusion is in, not only as an abstract fashion concept, but in that most grounded of realities: mixed-blood people who walk, talk, and produce eve
8、n more multiracial progeny. Most strange of all, these hybrids are finding themselves hailed as role models for vast masses in Asia with no mixed blood at all. “When I think of Asia, I dont necessarily think of people who look like me,“ says Declan Wong, a Chinese-Dutch-American actor and producer,
9、“But somehow weve become the face that sells the new Asia.“ So maybe Asias Eurasian craze is driven by the theories of that whitest of white men, economist Adam Smith. As the world gets smaller, we look for a global marketing mien, a one-size-fits-all face that helps us sell Nokia cell phones and Pa
10、lmolive shampoo across the world. “For any business, you cant think locally anymore,“ says Paul Lau, general manager at Elite Model Management in Hong Kong, who has built up a stable of Eurasians for his internationally minded clients. “At the very least, you need to think regionally. Ideally, you s
11、hould think globally.“ A global image helps sell products, even if no one but Filipinos would ever want to buy duck-fetus eggs or Thais the most pungent variety of shrimp paste. Yanto Zainal, president of Macsg09, a boutique ad agency in Jakarta, used all indos for a campaign for the local Matahari
12、department store chain. “The store wanted to promote a more cosmopolitan image,“ he says. “Indos have an international look can still be accepted as Indonesian.“ Channel V, the Asia-wide music television channel, was one of the first to broadcast the message of homogenized hybridism. “We needed a me
13、ssenger that would fit in from Tokyo to the Middle East.“ Says Jonnifer Seeto, regional sales marketing manager for the channel, which began beaming its border-busting images in 1994. Star Veejay Asha Gill personifies the global look. When asked what her ethnic heritage is, Gill, a Malaysian citizen
14、, simply shrugs. “Oh, who knows,“ she says. “Im half Punjabi, mixed with some English, a little French and dribs and drabs of God knows what else.“ The 29-year-old speaks crisp British English, fluent Malay, and a smidgen of Punjabi. She grew up in a Kuala Lumpur neighborhood that was mostly Chinese
15、, attended an English-speaking school and was pals with Malay and Indian kids. Gills Channel V show, broadcast in English, has a strong following in Malaysia, Japan and the United Arab Emirates. “Im Hitlers worst nightmare,“ she says. “My ethnicity and profession make me a global person who cant be
16、defined in just one category.“ 3 Matter Look at all the things around us: chairs, desks, cupboards, papers and pens in our classroom; motor cars, bicycles and buses in the streets; trees, plants and animals in the countryside; birds, aeroplanes and clouds in the sky; fishes, seaweeds and corals in t
17、he sea; stars, the moon and the sun in outer space. These and all other things including the human body, are examples of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has weight. What Is Matter Made of ? Since ancient times, learned men or philosophers have thought about matter and what it is m
18、ade up of. One group of philosophers thought that matter was made .up of a substance called “hyle“ (实质 ). Another group of philosophers said that matter was made up of four substances, namely earth, water, air and fire. A third group believed that matter was made up of very tiny particles which were
19、 too small to be seen. These particles were so small that they could never be further divided into smaller particles. They gave the particles the name atoms which means “those which cannot be divided“. The difference between the various kinds of atoms and the ways in which they were joined were supp
20、osed to result in the different kinds of matter. All these ideas arose purely from the mind and were not based on investigation. For many years, people believed in the second idea. But actually it is the third idea that is nearer to our present concept of matter. Daltons Atomic Theory In the early n
21、ineteenth century, Dalton, an English school teacher, stated in this atomic theory that matter was made up of tiny, indivisible particles, which he also called atoms. His laboratory work showed him that atoms could neither be divided into smaller parts nor could they be destroyed. He pictured matter
22、 as being made up of tiny solid spherical atoms. Today the idea of the atoms has been accepted. But further work has shown that contrary to Daltons findings, atoms are made up of even smaller particles. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 中国等发展中国家向美国提了大量价廉物美的商品，是美国传统制造业腾出财 力物力用于发展高新技术。这加快
23、了美国工业的升级换代，推进了美国产业结构的优化，使美国及时摆脱传统工业的束缚，保持了它在世界经济中的领先地位。因此，中国的出口不会威胁美国的经济。 在中国扩大出口的同时，进口也在快速增长。实际上，美国产品早已进人中国百姓的日常生活。现在，不少中国人乘坐的是波音飞机，开的是别克轿车，看的是美国电影，穿的是苹果牌牛仔裤，喝的是可口可乐，用的是摩托罗拉手机和 IBM电脑，而电脑里运行的是微软软件 。 中国进出口能力的不断提高为包括美国经济在内的世界经济做出了积极贡献。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points) 5 相传在春秋战国时期，楚人卞和在山中发现一块
24、璞玉，他曾先后两次向两代楚王进献，但他们不识宝物，以为是块石头，并以欺君之罪，砍去了卞和的双脚。等到第三个楚王上台，执著的卞和又将璞玉献上，这回楚王命人剖开石头，一块宝玉出现在楚国君臣面前。卞和洗清了欺君之罪，他所献的宝玉被雕成了象征最高权力的玉璧。后人为了纪念卞和，就叫它和 氏璧。这个故事大概算是中国历史上关于玉石最著名的传说了。在这个故事中给人留下深刻印象的，除了卞和的执着精神，还有玉石的非凡价值。 在中国原始社会的新石器时代，玉是通灵的神器。用玉雕琢出来的神器共有六种。 6 全面建设小康社会，加快推进社会主义现代化，使社会主义中国发展和富强起来，为人类进步事业做出更大贡献，这是我们党必须
25、勇敢担负起来的历史任务。完成这个任务，必须紧紧依靠全党和全国各族人民的团结。 团结就是力量，团结就是胜利。我们党和我国人民经历了艰难曲折，积累了丰富经验，愈益成熟 起来。面对很不安宁的世界，面对艰巨繁重的任务，全党同志一定要增强忧患意识，居安思危，清醒地看到日趋激烈的国际竞争带来的严峻挑战，清醒地看到前进道路上的困难和风险，倍加顾全大局，倍加珍视团结，倍加维护稳定。 全党同志和全国各族人民，紧密团结在党中央周围，万众一心，奋发图强，把中国特色社会主义事业不断推向前进，共同创造我们的幸福生活和美好未来 ! 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 8答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Transl
26、ation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 50年来，技术的发展使渔业生产发生了巨大的变化。昔日那种带有浪漫色彩的健壮的个体渔民，如今已很少见到，犹如鳕鱼、金枪鱼过去成群地往渔网里钻，现在却濒临绝迹了。这都是由于捕鱼的设备更先进了，船上的引擎功率更大了，再加上逐渐控制了这一行业的跨国公司不顾当地的渔业资源而造成的结果。 全世界专门从事捕鱼的人约有三千万，在海上捕捞的鱼，有百分之五十是由只占百分之一的渔船捕获的。这是 “护海会 ”欧洲部副主任查维尔 ?派斯特提供的信息。“护海会 ”是一个保护世界海洋的非赢利性国际机构。派斯特说： “工业化的捕捞方式正使得小规模经营的渔民趋于消失， ”而
27、这不仅危害渔业资源，而且破坏了当地的经济和社会结构。 派斯特说： “有些船队实在太大了。他们的效率很高，能把一个地区的鱼全部捕光，一条都不剩，然后他们就干别的去了。 ” 捕捞方式的这一变化造成了全球性的渔业危机，正在危害世界上大部分商品渔业资源。 “护海会 ”的报告指出，工业化捕捞方式虽然能在全世界捕鱼八千万至一亿吨，却同时也制造垃圾 (即捕捞后又扔回水中的海洋生物 )二千七百万吨，这给生态系统带来的负面影响，几十年都无法消除。 据联合国粮农组织称，海洋的商 品生产率目前正处于最低点，因为世界主要渔场有百分之七十五到百分之八十不是过度捕捞，就是饱和捕捞，或处于恢复状态。 派斯特强调说： “我们
28、不是反对捕鱼。捕鱼是一项重要活动。我们只希望保证使我们的后代也有鱼可捕。 ” 【试题解析】 1 Over the past 50 years, technology has changed the fishing industry dramatically. 50年来，技术的发展使渔业生产发生了巨大的变化。 分析 选词用词采分点。 在翻译主语 technology时，采用增词法，译成 “技术的发展 ”。 dramatically通常译成 “戏剧性地 ”，但在此处应为 “引人注目地，显著地 ”。 2 Today, the romantic, rugged individual fisherman
29、 is as threatened a species as the cod and tuna that once swarmed into his nets. 昔日那种带有浪漫色彩的健壮的个体渔民，如今已很少见到，犹如鳕鱼、金枪鱼过去成群地往渔网里钻，现在却濒临绝迹了。 分析 理解结构采分点及选词用词采分点。 该句可断句译成两个小句。 threatened指 “受到威胁的 ”。 threatened a species指“受到威胁的物种 ”，在这里形容渔民，说明人数见少，所以 Today, the romantic, rugged individual fisherman is as thr
30、eatened a species译成 “昔日那种带有浪漫色彩的健壮的个体渔民，如今已很少见到 ”。而 the cod and tuna that once swarmed into his nets在翻译时要补充 “现在却濒临绝迹了 ”，使汉语句子更通畅。 3 This is the cumulative result of more sophisticated fishing gear, more powerful boat engines and a lack of regard for local fishing environments by the multinational en
31、terprises that have come to dominate this business. 这都是由于捕鱼的设备更先进了，船上的引擎功率更大了，再加上逐渐控制了这一行业的跨国公司不顾当地的渔业资源而造成的结果。 分析 理解结构采分点。 句子的基本结构应为 this is the result.by.即， “由于 造成的结果 ”，也可以翻译成 “造成这种结果的原因是 ”。 result of后面的三个并列的名词性短语应分别译出。在 enterprises.后面的部分里， that所引导的定语从句的主语应为enterprises。 come to dominate指 “达到对 的控制或
32、占优势 ”，这里译成 “逐渐控制 ” 。 4 There are about 30 million professional fishermen worldwide, but 50 percent of the fish caught at sea are captured by only 1 percent of the boats, notes Xavier Pastor, European vice-president for Oceans, a non-profit international advocacy group for the worlds oceans. 全世界专门从事捕
33、鱼的人约有三千万，在海上捕捞的鱼，有百分之五十是由只占百分之一的渔船捕获的。这是 “护海会 ”欧洲部副会长查维尔 ?派斯特提供的信息。 “护海会 ”是一个保护世界海洋的非赢利性国际机构。 分析 选词用词采分点及基本素质采分点。 该句为一个简单句，可以翻译成三个汉语句子。 There are about 30 million professional fishermen worldwide, but 50 percent of the fish caught at sea are captured by only 1 percent of the boats可以译成一个句子。 notes Xav
34、ier Pastor, European vice-president for Oceans翻译成第二个句子时要增加主语 “这是 ”，其中， note翻译成名词 “信息 ”。逗号前面的 Oceans的同位语 a non-profit international advocacy group for the worlds oceans翻 译成第三句 “护海会 是一个保护世界海洋的非赢利性国际机构 ”。 Oceans的首字母大写，说明这里指的是一个组织的名称，因此翻译的时候应将其译出。根据后面紧跟的解释，我们可以了解到这一组织的作用，于是根据其作用可以将其翻译成 “护海会 ”。 advocacy指
35、 “拥护、保护 ”。 5 This transformation has led to a global fishing crisis that is endangering most of the planets commercial stocks. 捕捞方式 的这一变化造成了全球性的渔业危机，正在危害世界上大部分商品渔业资源。 分析 理解结构采分点及理解表达采分点。 用断句的方式从 that引导的从句处断开，翻译成两个分句。 transformation表示 “转变，变化 ”，为了使上下文更明白，在翻译时应采用增译的方式，译为 “捕捞方式的这一变化 ”。 6 Oceans reports
36、that industrial fishing worldwide yields between 80 million and 100 million tons of fish, but it also generates 27 million tons of discards (marine organisms thrown back into the water after they have been caught), causing negative effects on the ecosystem that will last for decades. “护海会 ”的报告指出，工业化
37、捕捞方式虽然能在全世界捕鱼八千万至一亿吨，却同时也制造垃圾 (即捕捞后又扔回水中的海 洋生物 )二千七百万吨，这给生态系统带来的负面影响，几十年都无法消除。 分析 理解结构采分点。 整个句子是宾语从句，其中含有定语从句 that will last for decades，翻译时，可以不译成定语从句，单独翻译成一句，即 “几十年都无法消除 ”。分词短语 causing negative effects on the ecosystem可以译成一个句子 “这给生态系统带来的负面影响 ”，同时增加主语 “这 ”。 7 According to the Food and Agricultural O
38、rganization, the commercial productivity of the oceans is at an all-time low, with 75 percent to 80 percent of the worlds major fisheries overexploited, fully exploited or recovering from depletion. 据联合国粮农组织称，海洋的商品生产率目前正处于最低点，因为世界主要渔场有 75%到 80%不是过度捕捞，就是饱和 捕捞，或处于恢复状态。 分析 理解结构采分点及基本素质采分点。 原句是简单句，可译成汉语
39、的表原因的复合句。介词短语 with 75 percent to 80 percent of the worlds major fisheries overexploited, fully exploited or recovering from depletion译成 “因为 ” ， the worlds major fisheries译成主语，分词 overexploited, exploited, recovering译成动词。 the Food and Agricultural Organization是国际组织机构，应翻译成 “联合国粮农组织 ”。 SECTION 2 Optiona
40、l Translation (30 points) 2 【正确答案】 欧亚混血儿：亚洲新面孔 融合不仅仅是一个抽象的时髦概念，而且有根深蒂固的现实基础：混血人在你身边行走，交谈，甚至生育出更多的多人种后裔。最奇怪的是，这些混血儿发现自己在亚洲作为角色模特大受那些非 混血人的欢迎。 “当我想到亚洲时，我不必想人们长得是否像我， ”Decaln wong，一个中荷美混血演员和制片人说， “然而不知为何，我们已经成为推销新亚洲的脸孔。 ” 也许，那个白人中的白人，经济学家亚当 ?史密斯，的理论驱动了亚洲的欧亚混血儿热潮。随着世界越来越小，我们要寻找一个具有全球化市场魅力的万能脸孔，帮助我们在全世界销
41、售诺基亚手机和帕默莱夫香波。 “对任何商业而言，你不能只想着当地， ”保罗 ?劳，香港精英模特管理公司总经理说道，他已经为那些具有国际头脑的客户建立了一支稳定的欧亚混血儿队伍。“至少，你需要考虑一个地区。理想的情况是你应考虑全世界。 ”一个全球化的形象有助于销售产品，即使除了菲律宾人外，没有人想要购买鸭胎蛋，或者只 有泰国人最喜欢各种辛辣口味的虾面团。岩托 ?扎纳尔是 Macs909一家雅加达的精品店广告代理公司的董事长，他在当地的马塔哈瑞连锁百货店的商业活动中，动用的都是具有印度血统的人。 “商店要促进一个全球化形象， ”他说， “具有印度血统的人有着国际化长相，但仍能作为印尼人而被接受。
42、” “Channel V”是遍及亚洲的音乐频道，也是最先播送均匀混血信息的媒体之一。“我们 需要一个从东京到中东都适合的使者， ”该频道的地区销售市场经理詹尼弗 ?斯托说道，该频道在 1994年播出了跨国界的形象。明星音乐主持人阿莎 ?吉尔代表了全球化的长相。当问及她的人种渊源时，吉尔，一个马来西亚公民，简单地耸耸肩。 “哦，谁知道， ”她说， “我是半个旁遮普人，混合有一些英国、一点儿法国、以及些许只有上帝知道的别的什么血统。 ”这个 29岁的姑娘说一口清脆的英国英语，流利的马来语和一点旁遮普语。她在吉隆坡附近长大，那里大多为中国人。在一所英语学校上学，与马来人和印度孩子成为朋友。吉尔在 “
43、Channel V”的出 镜是用英语广播，在马来西亚、日本和阿拉伯联合酋长国有很高的收视率。 “我是希特勒最糟糕的噩梦， ”她说， “我的人种背景和职业使我成为一个不能仅用一种人种定义的国际化人物。 ” 3 【正确答案】 物质 环顾我们周围的一切东西：教室里的椅子、书桌、柜子、纸张和钢笔，大街上的汽车、自行车和公共汽车，农村里的树木、植物和动物，天空中的飞鸟、飞机和云彩，海洋中的鱼类、海藻和珊瑚，外层空间的星星、月亮和太阳，这些和所有其它东西，包括人体在内，都是物 质的实例。凡是占有空间和具有重量的东西都是物质。 物质是由什么组成的 ? 自古以来，学者或哲学家都探讨过物质及物质是由什么组成的问
44、题。一派哲学家认为，物质是由一种叫做 “实质 ”的实物组成的。另一派哲学家说是由四种实物，即土、水、气和火组成的。第三派认为物质是由极其微小、小得看不见的粒子组成的，而且这些粒子小到再也不能分割成更小的粒子了。他们给这些粒子定名为原子，意思是 “不能分割的粒子 ”。人们认为，不同种类的原子之间的差异，以及它们的不同组合方式，就构成了形形色色的物质。 所有这些概念纯粹 是想象的，不是以调查为根据的。很多年来，人们曾相信上述第二种概念。实际上，第三种概念更接近于现在我们对物质的认识。 道尔顿的原子学说 十九世纪初，一位英国教师 道尔顿，在他的原子学说中论述，物质是由极小的、不可分割的粒子组成。他也
45、把这些微粒叫做原子。他的实验工作使他看到原子既不能被分割成更小的部分，也不能被消灭。他想象物质是由极小的实体球状原子组成。今天，原子的概念已被人们接受。但是更深入的研究已经证明，同道尔顿的发现相反，原子是由更小的粒子组成的。 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 【正确答案】 Large quantities of cheap, good-quality commodities provided by China and other developing countries to the American market have enab
46、led the U. S. traditional manufacturing industry to release more financial and material resources to develop new and high technologies. This has helped the U. S. to expedite the upgrading of its industry, spur the optimization of its industrial structure, free it from the shackles of the traditional
47、 industry in a timely manner and maintain its leading position in the global economy. Hence, Chinas exports will not threaten the American economy. While expanding exports, China has increased its imports rapidly. In fact, American goods have been part of the Chinese peoples daily lives for a long t
48、ime. Many Chinese now ride in Boeing planes, drive Buick cars, see American movies, wear Apple jeans, drink Coca-Cola, communicate with Motorola mobile phones and work with the aid of IBM computers installed with Microsoft software. The constant increase in Chinas imports and exports has made contri
49、butions to the economic development of the world at large, including that of the United States. 【试题解析】 1. 发展中国家 developing countries 分析 基本素质采分点。 “发展中国家 ”是个常用时事短语。 2中国等发展中国家向美国提供了大量价廉物美的商品，使美国传统制造业腾出财力物力用于发展高新技术。 Large quantities of cheap, good-quality commodities provided by China and other developing countries to the American market have enabled the U. S. traditional manufacturing industry to release more financial and material resources to develop new an
