1、笔译二级实务（综合）模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 Old age is neither inherently miserable nor inherently sublime like every stage of life it has problems, joys, fears and potentials. The process of aging and eventual death must ultimately be accepted as the natural progression of
2、 the life circle, the old completing their prescribed life spans and making way for the young. 2 The womens magazines are about one third dedicated to clothes, one third to mild comments on sex, and the other third to recipes and pictures of handsome salads, desserts and main courses. 3 Undoubtedly
3、the desire for food has been, and still is, one of the main causes of great political events. But man differs from other animals in one very important respect, and that is that he has desires which are, so to speak, infinite, which can never be fully gratified, and which would keep him restless even
4、 in paradise. 4 American individualism, on the face of it an admirable philosophy, wished to manifest itself in independence of the community. You dont share things in common; you have your own things. 5 Of course, America was built on a rejection of the past. Even the basic Christianity which was b
5、rought to the continent in 1620 was of a novel and bizarre kind. And now America, filling in the vacuum left by the liquefied British Empire, has the task of showing the best thing to the rest of the world. 6 At the same time, my generation was discovering that reforming the world is a little like f
6、ighting a military campaign in the Apennines, as soon as you capture one mountain range, another one looms just ahead. 7 The revolutionary state, under whatever political label, has to be run not by violent romantics but by experts in marketing, sanitary engineering, and the management of bureaucrac
7、ies. 8 The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything.
8、But television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification. It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. 9 As a very small child I used to imagine that I was, say, Robin Hood, and picture myself as the hero of thrilling adventures, but quite soon my “stor
9、y“ ceased to be narcissistic in a crude way and became more and more a mere description of what I was doing and the things I saw. 10 A newspaper has the right the duty even to assume an attitude, to take a position. But it has an equally sacred right to explain that position in the light of the oppo
10、sing one, to document that position, and to bolster it, not with emotion but with fact. 11 Obesity, a Growing Problem in the US When it comes to food, America is not just the fattest country on earth but probably the most schizophrenic as well home to the Big Mac1 and Weight Watchers, the super mode
11、l and the couch potato. The love-hate relationship with food was examined in the aired documentary “Fat“ , and if there is any comfort for the more than 90 million overweight Americans its that the rest of the world is also getting fatter. “There is an enormous pressure on people to be thin and to b
12、e physically fit but at the same time there is a tremendous pressure and inducement to eat,“ Dr. Kelly Brownell, professor of psychology at Yale University and a participant in the programme, said in an interview. “Youll see a Baskin Robbins next to Weight Watchers. Youll see a Family Circle magazin
13、e with a delicious chocolate on the cover beside a diet article,“ said Brownell. “At the same time as we have record levels of obesity, we have record levels of eating disorders too,“ he said. The desire to eat fatty food came from a primitive survival instinct to store enough energy in good times t
14、o ensure survival when food was scarce. But in a modern urban society, where fast food chains appear on almost every block, the instinct to eat fat has begun to work against us. The documentary claims that nowhere is the exposure to junk food more prevalent than in the United States, where the probl
15、em has been compounded by the increasingly sedentary modern lifestyle. It also says that members of Arizonas Pima Indian tribe are the fattest people in the fattest country on earth. Until recently the tribe lived a simple life, but in 1984 when the tribe won a gaming license it joined the American
16、mainstream. Today the tribe is plagued by obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Just 800 kms south in Mexico, another branch of the Pima tribe continues to live a traditional life and eats a traditional diet. These Pimas have none of the problems of their American counterparts,
17、who are on average 27 kgs heavier. Part of the problem, according to Brownell, is the intense advertising of junk food in the United States. The average American child sees thousands of TV commercials each year, most of which advertise fast food, candy and soda. The food environment has become so “t
18、oxic“ according to the documentary, that some US schools even offer fast food such as McDonalds and Burger King in school cafeterias. But junk food is also proliferating overseas, resulting in increasing rates of obesity in such countries as China, where fast food restaurants have recently taken hol
19、d. Compounding the new-found availability of junk food is the changing opinion on what is the ideal body. These days thin is king. Many actors such as Calista Flockhart, the star of the TV show “Ally Mcbeal“, and super models, such as Kate Moss, look anorexic when placed next to someone like Marilyn
20、 Monroe who was the worlds biggest sex symbol in the late 1950s. That unrealistic waif-like ideal has devastating effects on some. Among the more disturbing scenes in the documentary were interviews in an eating disorder clinic in England where many of the patients were skinny girls of 10 or less wh
21、o felt fat. For many the lust to lose weight leads to a see-saw of dieting and bingeing that inevitably ends in tears. “People aspire to an unrealistic ideal and they have to restrict their food intake to an enormous extent to reach that ideal and they just cant maintain it so they give up,“ Brownel
22、l said. While obesity is normally associated with being unfit, like everything, there are exceptions. Triathlete Dave Alexander swims 8 kms, run 48 kms and cycles 320 kms each week. At 1. 7 meters and weighing 113. 4 kgs, Alexander is morbidly obese but nevertheless fit. But Brownell warns viewers n
23、ot to give too much weight to Alexanders case, “The fact is most overweight people are not fit. “ 12 Gender Tax Women expect to pay the same prices for goods and services as men pay, but even in 2004, they dont. Women frequently pay more for products marketed specifically to women, or just because w
24、omen are doing the buying. Its been estimated that this so-called gender tax or gender-based pricing costs Canadian women billions of dollars a year. For example, products scented and packaged specifically for women are often sold in smaller sizes at the same price as comparable products4 aimed at m
25、en. Manufacturers argue that since these products are designed specifically for women, they cost more. However, men arent asked to pay more for products designed specifically for them. As well, services like haircuts and dry cleaning can cost women more. Companies argue it requires more time and lab
26、our to cut and style a womans longer hair or hand-press a blouse. However, when women with short hair spend the same time in the stylists chair as the man next to them and pay more for the privilege, or when women pay more than men at the dry cleaners for machine-pressed tailored shirts, gender disc
27、rimination is clear. While this type of inequity might not seem as serious as other forms of gender bias, consider that women dont receive as many dollars as men in the first place. Women working full-time earn about 72% of mens wages for comparable jobs, a percentage that would be even lower had me
28、ns earnings not declined. For women in the paid labour force, the average annual income from all sources is about 58% of mens income, and there is an equivalent gap in pension benefits. Women not only have lower earning power, but also spend fewer hours in the workforce than men and more hours doing
29、 unpaid work. But to receive the same value of goods and services as men, women are told by regulatory agencies to spend more of their time shopping around for fair prices advice that financial consultant Joanne Thomas Yaccato finds insulting. She urges women not only to refuse to support businesses
30、 that discriminate, but to lobby federal and provincial politicians to outlaw gender-based pricing. Political pressure in some US states, such as California, has led to legislation making gender-based pricing illegal. Women in Canada need to work for similar reforms to finally end the “gender tax“.
31、SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 13 A君跻身文坛，盖有年矣，但总是红不起来，颇感寂寞。于是，他找 到了各种关系，以盛宴重礼把著名的评论家 J君招待了一次。 14 林边有个洞，叫白龙洞。传说白蛇传中的白娘子曾经在这里修炼。 15 老黄老了，人称 “黄老 ”。老啦，没办法，吃过晚饭，看了点电视新闻，有些迷糊了，打算洗个澡，泡泡脚，上床寻梦去。 16 妈妈姓马，她要我姓了她的姓，给我取名一个 “力 ”字。妈说她盼我永远有力量，去争一口气。 17 在我小小的心灵中，她就像童话里的那个老妖婆。尤其她姓韦，我就总想到她长了一条长长的尾巴。 18
32、一间中国旧式房子。后面有一门通院子，左右各一门通耳房，房 的中间偏右方，一张方桌，四围几张小椅。 19 穿上风情的旗袍，迈着小凤仙的步子，一个女人最美丽的日子流转在房间里，来世今生，恍如隔世。 20 堂弟在省里某厅当副处长。省里像他这样的干部，一块砖头能砸到好几个，用他自己的话来说，也就是个大公务员而已。 21 母亲病了，住在医院里，我去守护她。很多人来探望母亲，他们带来各种各样的水果和补品。每一个人来，母亲都说： “你有心来探我这把老骨头，我就很感激了，怎么能再让你破费 ?快把东西带回去给小孩吃。 ” 22 我们中国人吃饭用筷子，而多数外国人用刀叉。有 些外宾可能会用筷子，只是用得比我们笨拙
33、一点。招待外宾时，最好是在筷子旁边同时摆上刀叉。 23 林语堂的幽默演讲 柳和城 1939年，林语堂在美国纽约的世界笔会上发表了一篇希特勒与魏忠贤的演讲。他说，当今德国有人把希特勒比为耶稣，由此他想起中国明朝有一位读书人倡议一说，称颂魏忠贤与孔夫子应当有同样的地位。那时惟有这样歌功颂德，才能保住差事，而反对魏的官吏全给残杀了。魏忠贤当权时与今日的德国如出一辙，声势显赫，但到头来怎样呢 ?还不是自杀身亡 !林语堂说： “自杀乃是独裁者的唯一出路。 ”当希 特勒正不可一世之际，林语堂作此预言，难能可贵，而且亦庄亦谐，令人忍俊不禁。 24 西方人眼中的中国人 西方人对中国人有一种刻板的想象，他们通常
34、认为中国人非常 “智慧 ”，每个人都是哲学家，像老子、孔子那样睿智，于是西方知识分子便热衷研读各类英译本的老子、庄子。西方人概念里的中国人形象相当 “正面 ”。这些年来，西方人发现一般中国百姓也热衷于赚钱、享受世俗生活时，可怜的他们震惊不已。他们感兴趣的中国问题也就很可笑。有人问： “北京以前叫 Peking，什么时候又改名叫 Beijing了 ?”这就得告诉他们， Peking是 19世纪末英国驻华外交官威妥玛创立的威氏拼音，如今Beijing则是 20世纪 50年代创造的汉语拼音。还有的女士看了大红灯笼高高挂之后好奇地打听： “中国男人真的有四张床吗 ?” 笔译二级实务（综合）模拟试卷 3
35、答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 老年既不是固然悲惨，也不是固然崇高。就像生命的其它阶段一样，老年有自己的问题、欢乐、恐惧与种种不测。人们必须接受衰老及最终的辞世是人生周期的一个自然进程 老人走完自己固有的寿命，从而为年轻人让位。 【知识模块】 英译汉 2 【正确答案】 妇女杂志有三分之一是介绍衣服款式的；三分之一是委婉地说明性问题的；还有三分之一是介绍菜谱的，上面附有色拉、甜点和主菜的彩图。 【知识模块】 英译汉 3 【正确答案】 毫无疑问，对食物的欲望一直是 现在依然是 伟大政治事件的主要原因之一。但是，
36、人类不同于其它动物的一个重要方面在于他有无限的欲望，这欲望永远无法满足，即使生活在天堂里，也会令其心神不宁。 【知识模块】 英译汉 4 【正确答案】 美 国的个人主义是一种表面看来让人仰慕的哲理，总是希望展示其独立于社会的一面：你不同于他人，你有自己的独到之处。 【知识模块】 英译汉 5 【正确答案】 当然，美国是建立在对过去的摒弃之上的。就连 1620年带到新大陆的基督教也显得稀奇古怪。现在美国要填补已土崩瓦解的不列颠帝国留下的真空，就必须向全世界展示其最美好的一面。 【知识模块】 英译汉 6 【正确答案】 同时，我们那一代人发现，改革社会有点像在亚平宁进行一场战争，你刚攻占了一个山头，另一
37、个又会浮现在眼前。 【知识模块】 英译汉 7 【正确答案】 新成立的革命政府，无论打着什么政治旗号，都必须由商业专家、卫生专家及行政管理专家进行管理 而不是由狂热的浪漫主义者们管理。 【知识模块】 英译汉 8 【正确答案】 电视的负面影响是它鼓励人们不去集中注意力。生活中，几乎所有有趣的、有意义的事情都需要我们付出积极的、持之以恒的努力。哪怕是那些最迟钝、最缺乏天资的人也会取得对那些不专心的人来说似乎是奇迹的成就。但是，电视却鼓励我们不付出任何努力。它向我们兜售瞬间的愉悦。它使我们只想娱乐，让时间在无痛苦中消磨掉。 【知识模块 】 英译汉 9 【正确答案】 作为一个孩子，我常把自己想像成为罗宾
38、汉式的绿林好汉，把自己想像成具有激动人心冒险经历的英雄。但很快我的故事不再简陋地停留在自我欣赏上，变得越来越能描述我正在做的事和我所看到的事。 【知识模块】 英译汉 10 【正确答案】 一份报纸有权 甚至也有义务 表明某种态度，坚持某一立场。但它也拥有一种同样神圣的权利 从对立者的角度去阐明自己的观点，以真凭实据证明自己的立场，用事实而不是用感情去佐证自己的立场。 【知识模块】 英译汉 11 【正确答案】 过度肥胖成为美国日益严重的问题 谈及饮食，美国不仅是世界上最肥胖的国家，也可能是对食物持最自相矛盾态度的国家 这里，既有援贫济困的大麦克公司，又有每日心挂体重的减肥者，既有超级名模，又有终日
39、泡在电视机前不思运动的人。 专题片肥胖调查了人们对食物爱恨参杂之情。如果对于九千多万美国肥胖者来说有什么值得欣慰的，那便是，世界上其他国家的人也越来越胖。 “对于人们来说想要瘦身并保持身体健康可是一个不小的压力，并且，人们在吃饭时既承受极度压力，又忍不住巨大诱惑， ”耶鲁大学的心理学教授凯利 -布朗内 尔在专题节目中接受采访时说道。 “你能看到在减肥者身边有美国贝罗公司生产的 31种风味冰淇淋，你也可以看到家庭圈杂志封面上精美的巧克力蛋糕和瘦身食品印在一起， ”布朗内尔说。 “同时，我们有创纪录的过度肥胖，也有创纪录的过度节食， ”他说。 多吃含脂肪食物的欲望来源于原始人类的求生本能 在食物充
40、沛的时候储存充足能量以备食物不足时渡过难关。但是在现代都市社会里，快餐连锁店遍布每一条大街，喜欢吃含脂肪食物的本能对我们不利起来。 肥胖专题片认为，世界上没有哪个国家像美国那样垃圾食品随处可见、风 靡时兴，而且让这一态势更糟糕的是，伏案工作的现代生活方式越来越盛。 专题片中也提到，亚利桑那州皮马部落的印第安人是当今最肥胖的国度里最肥胖的人。直到最近，皮马人都过着简单的生活，不过当 1984年他们获得了博彩业特许证，便加入了主流的美国生活。如今该部落深为过度肥胖、糖尿病、高血压和心脏病所困扰。 在墨西哥以南不过 800公里居住着另外一支皮马部落，他们仍然过着传统的生活，保持传统的食物结构，与平均
41、体重超过他们 27公斤的美国皮马人相比，他们没有得上面提到的任何一种疾病。 在布朗内尔看来，部分症 结在于美国广告大肆宣传垃圾食品。美国孩子平均每年要看几千个电视广告，其中大部分是快餐、糖果和汽水。 根据肥胖专题片的调查，美国食物的环境已经变得非常 “有害 ”，有些学校甚至在食堂里供应麦当劳和汉堡王之类的快餐。 但是垃圾食品在海外也迅速风靡起来，结果是在诸如中国之类的国家里过度肥胖者增加。近几年来这些国家的快餐店已经风行起来。 人们新近发现，垃圾食品随处可见；然而使得这一境况更为复杂的，是人们对理想身材的看法又改变了。现在人们认为瘦就是好。很多演艺明星，如电视剧阿莉-麦克比尔中的主角 卡利斯特
42、 -弗洛卡特，以及包括凯特 -莫斯在内的许多超级名模，如果放在 20世纪 50年代末期最了不起的性感象征女郎玛丽莲 -梦露身旁，一个个都像得了厌食症。 这种迷茫、不现实的理想已经摧毁了一些人。在肥胖专题片中更让人不安的镜头是，在采访英国一家过度节食病诊所时，很多病人竟是 10岁或更小的、骨瘦如柴的女孩子，她们竟觉得自己很胖 ! 对很多人来说，强烈的瘦身愿望往往会导致一个跷跷板的结局。他们一会儿节食，一会儿又暴食，其结局注定是悲剧性的。 “人们总是怀着不切实际的理想，而且他们不得不大量控制饮食 以实现自己的目标。然而，他们终究是难以坚持，最后只好放弃， ”布朗内尔说。 虽然过度肥胖总是与不健康联
43、系在一起，但它也如别的事情一样，总有例外。三项全能运动员戴夫 -亚历山大每星期要游泳 8公里，跑 48公里，骑车 320公里。他身高 1 7米，体重 113 4公斤，虽然是病态的肥胖，然而他却非常健康。 但是布朗内尔告诫电视观众，不要过分看重亚历山大这一特例。 “事实是，大部分超重的人总是不健康的。 ” 【知识模块】 英译汉 12 【正确答案】 性别税 妇女期待在购买商品和接受服务时和男人花 同样的钱，但即使到了 2004年，这个愿望也未得实现。 妇女常常比男人付费多，因为产品是专门卖给妇女的，或仅仅因为妇女承担着购买任务。据估计，这种所谓的性别税或按性别定价，每年要让加拿大妇女花掉几十个亿。
44、 例如，专为妇女设计的带有香味和包装的产品，其体积往往比同类男性用品小，但售价却是一样的。生产商声称，这些产品成本高，因为它们是专为女士设计的。但却没人要男士为他们专门设计的产品多掏腰包。 此外，诸如理发、干洗这样的服务，妇女的付费也高于男性。理发店和干洗店声辩说，由于妇女的头发长，为她们理 发和做发型耗时又费力，而手工熨平妇女的衣服也是如此。但是，当蓄着短发的妇女坐在发型师的椅子里，和她旁边的男子花同样的时间做头发，却要为自己享受的 “优待 ”付出更多时，抑或当妇女在干洗店，和男子同样用机器熨平定制的衬衣，却要付出更多时，这里的性别歧视是显而易见的。 虽然与其它形式的性别歧视相比，这种不平等
45、似乎还不算严重，但想一想，首先是妇女与男子的收入不平等。一个全职女性的收入，只相当于从事类似工作男性工资的 72。若不是现在男性的收入有所下降的话，这一比例还要低。对工薪阶层的妇女而言，各种渠道的平均年收 入总和大约只相当于男性收入的 58，而在各种津贴和补助金方面，也存在着同样的差距。妇女不仅挣钱的能力低，而且用在工作上的时间也比男性少，更多的时间用在了没有任何报酬的工作上。 但是，为了买到和男性同样价格的商品和得到同样的服务， 管理机构常常建议女性：多花一些时间、多逛几个商场，便能买到价格合适的东西 这在金融顾问乔安娜 -托马斯 -亚卡图看来，完全是一个带有侮辱性的建议。她力主妇女不仅要拒
46、绝支持那些歧视妇女的企业，而且要说服联邦和各省官员宣布按性别定价非法。在美国的一些州，如加利福尼亚，政治压力已迫使立法机构宣布按性别定价为非法。加拿大的妇女需要为类似的改革努力，以最终终结 “性别税 ”。 【知识模块】 英译汉 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 13 【正确答案 】 It had been several years since Mr. A climbed up in the literary world, but he was still not very popular. Through various connect
47、ions, he managed to meet the famous critic Mr. J and invite him to a sumptuous banquet. 【知识模块】 汉译英 14 【正确答案】 Near the forest is the White Dragon Cave which is said to be the very place where Lady White, the legendary heroine of “ The Story of the White Snake“, cultivated herself according to Buddhis
48、t doctrine. 【知识模块】 汉译英 15 【正确答案】 Mr. Huang was old. People addressed him as “Respected Mr. Huang“. Being old, he easily got tired and could not help it. After supper, having watched some news on TV, he began to feel sleepy, so he went about washing his face and feet before going to bed. 【知识模块】 汉译英 1
49、6 【正确答案】 Mothers family name was Ma “Horse“. She decided that I should take her family name, and called me Li “Power“ , as my given name. She said she expected me to be a forceful woman, and make a good showing in the world. 【知识模块】 汉译英 17 【正确答案】 In my innocence she was like a witch from a folk tale. Her family name, Wei, sounded like the wei that means “tail“ , and I imagined her hiding a long tail under her clothes. 【知识模块】 汉译英 18 【正确答案】 It is the main room of an ancient Chinese style house. A door lea
