1、考博英语模拟试卷 117及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The Mayor asked the city council to recommend potential programs for the benefit of the indigent. （ A） transient （ B） unemployed （ C） homeless （ D） needy 2 He wears strange clothes, talks to himself, and appears unkempt. Is it any wonder his neighbors
2、 view him as an eccentric? （ A） a crank （ B） cuckoo （ C） an anchorite （ D） unconventional 3 So engrossed was the detective in considering the evidence that he completely forgot where Be was. （ A） wrapped up （ B） impressed （ C） disinvolved （ D） impatient 4 Disastrous forest fires are quite often caus
3、ed by simple carelessness: a dropped butt ignites dead leaves. （ A） enflames （ B） burns （ C） lights （ D） blackens 5 The reciprocal hatred between various members of different races underlies the difficulty of integration in the United States. （ A） hidden （ B） profound （ C） mutual （ D） racial 6 The v
4、olume knob, if turned toward the left, will _ the sound. （ A） magnify （ B） enlarge （ C） amplify （ D） reinforce 7 Having reached the top of the hill, we were appalled to find the path _ precipitously. （ A） departed （ B） decreased （ C） descended （ D） derailed 8 Often considered in common thought as _,
5、 language, culture, and personality are in fact inseparable. （ A） indistinct paradigms （ B） separate reasons （ C） irreplaceable concepts （ D） independent entities 9 Based on economic studies, it seems possible to forecast that a recession may _ depression. （ A） imply （ B） indicate （ C） symbolize （ D
6、） precede 10 The speech consisted of _ phrases, well-chosen imagery, and amusing rhetorical flourishes. （ A） suitable （ B） selected （ C） apt （ D） fit 11 Few of the young realize what feats lie _ them. （ A） in the store for （ B） in store for （ C） waiting （ D） awaiting for 12 Reading _ the mind _ food
7、 is to the body. （ A） is for. is as （ B） as. is: as （ C） is to. what （ D） what is. is as 13 Obviously, he decided not to say anything about it because he hoped to _. （ A） keep it as a secret （ B） keep it to be a secret （ C） keep it a secret （ D） keep it being a secret 14 She was slated to present an
8、 abstract of her thesis at the national convention, and so spent the holiday _. （ A） touching on it （ B） touching it up （ C） touching it （ D） touching it down 15 Greeleys injunction “Go West, young man?“ resulted in a massive migration of population, with people occupying land _ no one held title of
9、 ownership and that had yet to be sold. （ A） to which （ B） that （ C） which （ D） of which 16 A mistake is rarely atoned for by a single apology, however profuse. （ A） extravagant （ B） produced （ C） divergent （ D） repetitious 17 Her office in the First National Bank building is provisional. （ A） perma
10、nent （ B） temporary （ C） corrupt （ D） craven 18 The burglars ransacked the room taking anything of value they found. （ A） demolished （ B） took over （ C） inhabited （ D） thoroughly searched 19 The whole of the endowment was used to refurbish the school gymnasium. （ A） millionaires （ B） endorsement （ C
11、） governments （ D） donations 20 The massacre of innocent people cannot ever be condoned. （ A） overlooked （ B） praise （ C） condemned （ D） satisfied 21 The battle is of great significance when viewed in the _ of the progress of the war. （ A） prospective （ B） respective （ C） perspective （ D） prescripti
12、ve 22 It has long been known that total sleep _ is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet, upon examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. （ A） deposition （ B） destruction （ C） deprivation （ D） reduction 23 In that country, hospital doctors dont go sightseeing very often because the
13、ir work _ almost all their time. （ A） takes up （ B） takes off （ C） takes apart （ D） takes over 24 According to the law of that country, the Parliament will have to be _ before the General Election. （ A） decomposed （ B） dispersed （ C） dissolved （ D） disintegrated 25 He failed to carry out some of the
14、 provisions of the contract, and now he has to _ the consequences. （ A） answer for （ B） run into （ C） abide by （ D） step into 26 _ ever so humble, theres no place like home. （ A） It be （ B） Be it （ C） It was （ D） Was it 27 _ all customs, no matter how sacrosanct, are essentially learned reactions ap
15、propriate perhaps only to the homers thereof is a basic assumption of anthropologists. （ A） Nearly （ B） It is nearly （ C） That nearly （ D） When nearly 28 Although women cluster to him like moths around a flame, he is none _ happier for it. （ A） but （ B） the （ C） much （ D） any 29 The major reason why
16、 Americans enjoy an abundant food supply is that the arable land at their disposal for food production is _. （ A） three times more the world average （ B） three times as much the world average （ C） three times the world average （ D） the world average is three times 30 The sound of the roaring of a ti
17、ger is _ heard by jungle dwellers feelings unease, for a year does not elapse _ victims falling to the tigers ferocity. （ A） always. with （ B） ever. without （ C） ever. with （ D） never. without 31 (Each) employee with (a modicum of intelligence) (would be able to) undertake (such) a basic process. （
18、A） Each （ B） a modicum of intelligence （ C） would be able to （ D） such 32 The economic situation (will improve) given that there is (forecast to be) less (unemployment) and closures than (in previous years). （ A） will improve （ B） forecast to be （ C） unemployment （ D） in previous years 33 The three
19、most important issues (of concern to) citizens today are (prison reform), (abusing children), and toxic (waste). （ A） of concern to （ B） prison reform （ C） abusing children （ D） waste 34 I was (on the verge) of (incurring) Mr. Rochesters wrath by not listening to his prohibitions, (while) a ray once
20、 more shone almost (imperceptibly) on the hallway wall and I heard his muffled step on the carpet. （ A） on the verge （ B） incurring （ C） while （ D） imperceptibly 35 (The above) is the most important aspect (which) apes (can be told) from more (primitive) social groupings. （ A） The above （ B） which （
21、 C） can be told （ D） primitive 36 It is on occasion the (manner in which) a person expresses the thought (rather than) the actual words (which) tells us (whether) the speaker is serious or not. （ A） manner in which （ B） rather than （ C） which （ D） whether 37 The Quebecois, (partly because of languag
22、e, and partly because of religion), have (long been considering) (to separate) themselves from (the rest) of the Canadian provinces. （ A） partly because of language, and partly because of religion （ B） long been considering （ C） to separate （ D） the rest 38 (Despite) the President wrote a conciliato
23、ry letter (deploring) the incident, the press was (adamant) in continuing (its) condemnation. （ A） Despite （ B） deploring （ C） adamant （ D） its 39 Acids constitute a family of (chemical compounds) that, (in) (solution), have the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red, a corrosive action on
24、metals, and (taste sharp). （ A） chemical compounds （ B） in （ C） solution （ D） taste sharp 40 Well over (three-fourths) of that book (on) noted British writers (are) about authors who wrote during (the nineteenth) century. （ A） three-fourths （ B） on （ C） are （ D） the nineteenth 二、 Reading Comprehensi
25、on 40 Cities develop as a result of functions that they can perform. Some functions result directly from the ingenuity of the citizenry, but most functions result from the needs of the local area and of the surrounding hinterland (the region that supplies goods to the city and to which the city furn
26、ishes services and other goods). Geographers often make a distinction between the situation, and the site of a city. Situation refers to the general position in relation to the surrounding region, whereas site involves physical characteristics of the specific location. Situation is normally much mor
27、e important to the continuing prosperity of a city. If a city is well situated in regard to its hinterland, its development is much more likely to continue. Chicago, for example, possesses an almost unparalleled situation. It is located at the southern end of a huge lake that forces east-west transp
28、ortation lines to be compressed into its vicinity, and at a meeting of significant land and water transport routes. It also overlooks what is one of the worlds finest large farming regions. These factors ensured that Chicago would become a great city regardless of the disadvantageous characteristics
29、 of the available site, such as being prone to flooding during thunderstorm activity. Similarly, it can be argued that much of New York Citys importance stems from its early and continuing advantage of situation. Philadelphia and Boston both originated at about the same time as New York and shared N
30、ew Yorks location at the western end of one of the worlds most important oceanic trade routes, but only New York possesses an easy-access functional connection (the Hudson-Mohawk lowland) to the vast Midwestern hinterland. This account does not alone explain New Yorks primacy, but it does include se
31、veral important factors. Among the many aspects of situation that help to explain why some cities grow and others do not, original location on a navigable waterway seems particularly applicable. Of course, such characteristic as slope, drainage, power resources, river crossings, coastal shapes, and
32、other physical characteristics help to determine city location, but such factors are normally more significant in early stages of city development than later. 41 What does the passage mainly discuss? （ A） The development of trade routes through United States cities （ B） Contrasts in settlement patte
33、rns in United States （ C） Historical differences among three large United States cities （ D） The importance of geographical situation in the growth of United States cities 42 The passage suggests that a geographer would consider a citys soil type part of its _. （ A） hinterland （ B） situation （ C） si
34、te （ D） function 43 According to the passage, a citys situation is more important than its site in regard to the citys _. （ A） long-term growth and prosperity （ B） ability to protect its citizenry （ C） possession of favorable weather conditions （ D） need to import food supplies 44 The author mention
35、s each of the following as an advantage of Chicagos location EXCEPT _. （ A） hinterland （ B） nearness to a large lake （ C） position in regard to transport routes （ D） flat terrain 45 The primary purpose of paragraph 1 is to _. （ A） summarize past research and introduce a new study （ B） describe a his
36、torical period （ C） emphasize the advantages of one theory over another （ D） define a term and illustrate it with an example 45 The two claws of the mature American lobster are decidedly different from each other. The crusher claw is short and stout; the cutter claw is long and slender. Such bilater
37、al asymmetry, in which the right side of the body is, in all other respects, a mirror image of the left side, is not unlike handedness in humans. But where the majority of humans are right-handed, in lobsters the crusher claw appears with equal probability on either the right side or left side of th
38、e body. Bilateral asymmetry of the claws comes about gradually. In the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development, the paired claws are symmetrical and cutterlike. Asymmetry begins to appear in the juvenile sixth stage of development, and the paired claws further diverge toward well-defined cut
39、ter and crusher claws during succeeding stages. An intriguing aspect of this development was discovered by Victor Emmel. He found that if one of the paired claws is removed during the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw invariably becomes a crusher, while the regenerated claw becomes a cutter. Re
40、moval of a claw during a later juvenile stage or during adulthood, when asymmetry is present, does not alter the asymmetry; the intact and regenerate claws retain their original structures. These observations indicate that the conditions that trigger differentiation must operate in a random manner w
41、hen the paired claws are intact but in a nonrandom manner when one of the claws is lost. One possible explanation is that differential use of the claws determines their asymmetry. Perhaps the claw that is used more becomes the crusher. This would explain why, when one of the claws is missing during
42、the fourth or fifth stage, the intact claw always becomes a crusher. With two intact claws, initial use of one claw might prompt the animal to use it more than the other throughout the juvenile fourth and fifth stages, causing it to become a crusher. To test this hypothesis, researchers raised lobst
43、ers in the juvenile fourth and fifth stages of development in a laboratory environment in which the lobsters could manipulate oyster chips. (Not coincidentally, at this stage of development lobsters typically change from a habitat where they drift passively, to the ocean floor where they have the op
44、portunity to be more active by borrowing in the substrate.) Under these conditions, the lobsters developed asymmetric claws, half with cutter claws on the left, and half with crusher claws on the right. In contrast, when juvenile lobsters were reared in a smooth tank without the oyster chips, the ma
45、jority developed two cutter claws. This unusual configuration of symmetrical cutter claws did not change when the lobsters were subsequently placed in a manipulatable environment or when they lost and regenerated one or both claws. 46 The passage is primarily concerned with _. （ A） drawing an analog
46、y between asymmetry in lobsters and handed in humans. （ B） developing a method for predicating whether crusher claws in lobster will appear on the left or right side （ C） explaining differences between lobsters crusher claws and cutter claws （ D） discussing a possible explanation for the way bilater
47、al asymmetry is determined in lobsters 47 Which of the following experimental results, if observed, would most clearly contradict the findings of Victor Emmel? （ A） A left cutterlike claw is removed in the fifth stage and a crusher claw develops on the right side. （ B） A left cutterlike claw is remo
48、ved in the fourth stage and a crusher claw develops on the left side. （ C） A left cutterlike claw is removed in the six stage and a crushe-claw develops on the right side. （ D） A left cutterlike claw is removed in the fourth stage and a crusher claw develops on the right side. 48 It can be inferred
49、from the passage that one difference between lobsters in the earlier stages of development and those in the juvenile fourth and fifth stages is that lobsters in the early stages are _. （ A） likely to be less active （ B） likely to be less symmetrical （ C） more likely to replace a crusher claw with a cutter claw. （ D） more likely to regenerate a lost claw 49 Which of the following conditions does the passage suggest is a possible cause fo
