1、考博英语模拟试卷 183及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 The university board of trustees deemed it urgent that a new provost _ to replace Mr. Dannison who had been diagnosed with cancer. （ A） be selected （ B） would be selected （ C） must be selected （ D） was selected 2 With prices _ so much, it is impossibl
2、e for the company manager to stick to the original budget. （ A） waving （ B） swinging （ C） fluctuating （ D） vibrating 3 Edmund likes to drive at a speed _ the traffic limit. I wonder how be always manages to escape （ A） haying exceeded, to be fined （ B） exceeded, having been fined （ C） to exceed, to
3、fine （ D） exceeding, being fined 4 All the references she has obtained for her doctoral dissertation _ about twenty items. （ A） make up for （ B） add up to （ C） come up with （ D） put up with 5 Professor Jeffreys lecture on the recycling of waste paper and other garbage will show _ can still be improv
4、ed. （ A） that the municipal authorities have done （ B） how those the municipal authorities have done （ C） how what the municipal authorities have done （ D） that how the municipal authorities have done 6 Most insulation devices of this kind, _ manufactured for such purposes, are extremely expensive t
5、o install. （ A） that are （ B） which is （ C） those are （ D） as are 7 The English vocabulary is known for a(n) _ of words which are comparatively seldom used in ordinary conversations. （ A） multitude （ B） altitude （ C） latitude （ D） platitude 8 John Locke, the well-known 18th century English thinker,
6、emphasized experience as the _ condition for expansion of human knowledge. （ A） incompatible （ B） incredible （ C） indefinite （ D） indispensable 9 The examination has been cancelled. You _ all that review, after all. （ A） didnt need to do （ B） neednt do （ C） neednt have done （ D） neednt to do 10 The
7、_ friend was exposed in the end to be a hidden rival who had been plotting against the companys marketing in Hong Kong. （ A） professed （ B） announced （ C） exclaimed （ D） declared 11 The senator was made to digress time and again from the main point of his speech because of the red _ constantly _ by
8、his opponents in the audience. （ A） tomatoes, thrown out （ B） herrings, brought up （ C） apples, put forward （ D） mullets, laid down 12 It is very plain that such a life as this is far more _ to health than that of the man who can afford little leisure for necessary rest in the course of the day. （ A
9、） conductive （ B） constructive （ C） conciliate （ D） conducive 13 Contradictory to popular belief, recent surveys show that besides housewives, many college students are also _ to soap operas. （ A） appealed （ B） addicted （ C） adjusted （ D） attracted 14 He used to play badminton with you, _. （ A） didn
10、t he （ B） used he （ C） did he （ D） gone off 15 I got a new battery for my recorder only last week, but it seems to have _ already. （ A） worn out （ B） run down （ C） knocked off （ D） gone off 16 To test his theory, the chemist _ an experiment. （ A） set up （ B） set out （ C） set forth （ D） set in 17 He
11、likes to swim _. （ A） and playing football （ B） and he also likes playing football （ C） and to play football （ D） and he likes to play football 18 While watching television, _. （ A） the telephone rang （ B） we heard the telephone ring （ C） we heard the telephone rang （ D） the telephone was rung 19 “D
12、o you mind _?“ “Go ahead. I dont mind. “ （ A） turning on the fan （ B） I turn on the fan （ C） if I turn on the fan （ D） to turn on the fan 20 When solid changes to liquid, it _ heat from all substances near it and this reduces the temperature surrounding it. （ A） takes in （ B） takes on （ C） takes off
13、 （ D） takes down 21 The department chairman _ with thanks the assistance of all the faculty members for getting the celebration ready in a short time. （ A） expresses （ B） declares （ C） announces （ D） acknowledges 22 The manager threw a party _ the group of computer experts from the United States. （
14、A） in honor of （ B） in favor of （ C） in welcome of （ D） in celebration of 23 This state research program is made up of two funds, _ could last for two years. （ A） the larger one （ B） the larger of which （ C） the largest one （ D） the largest of which 24 She claims to be very learned in biochemistry,
15、but in fact _ she knows about it is all sadly out of date. （ A） so little （ B） that much （ C） what little （ D） how much 25 Some people feel that television should give less _ to sport. （ A） programs （ B） coverage （ C） concern （ D） involvement 二、 Reading Comprehension 25 In our society the razor of n
16、ecessity cuts close. You must make a buck to survive the day. You must work to make a buck. The job is often a chore, rarely a delight. No matter how demeaning the task, no matter how it dulls the senses or breaks the spirit, one must work. Lately there has been a questioning of this “work ethic“, e
17、specially by the young. Strangely enough, it has touched off profound grievances in others hitherto silent and anonymous. Unexpected precincts are being heard from in a show of discontent by blue collar and white. On the evening bus the tense, pinched faces of young file clerks and elderly secretari
18、es tell us more than we care to know. On the expressways middle-management men pose without grace behind their wheels, as they flee city and job. In all, there is more than a slight ache. And there dangles the impertinent question: Should there not be another increment, earned though not yet receive
19、d, to ones daily work an acknowledgment of a mans being? In fact, what all of us are looking for is a calling, not just a job. Jobs alone are not being enough for people. 26 “In our society the razor of necessity cuts close“ in the first line means _. （ A） there is a shortage of daily necessities （
20、B） people fight each other for necessities （ C） most people feel the financial pressure （ D） everyone lives a hard life 27 The “work ethic“ referred to in the first paragraph can be interpreted as _. （ A） one works mainly to keep body and soul together （ B） one must work not only for money, but also
21、 for delight （ C） one must understand that jobs as chores （ D） one should earn as much money a day as possible 28 Middle-management men flee city and job because _. （ A） they have lost their grace （ B） they are tired by the long days work （ C） they dont want to see the tense and pinched faces of the
22、ir clerks and secretaries （ D） they are frightened by the profound grievances shown by the young people 29 The Phrase “increment, earned though not received“ in the third paragraph means _. （ A） money one has earned and will be paid later （ B） money one has earned, but will not be paid to him/her （
23、C） something that one earns through a job, but is not counted in terms of pay （ D） something that one earns that has nothing to do with his or her job 30 The main idea o this passage is _. （ A） in modern society people are under great work pressure （ B） nowadays people want to enjoy life more than d
24、o hard work （ C） work should be to people more than just a means to survive （ D） more jobs of delight should be created for people 30 Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven guilty. Because justice is regarded a
25、s one form of equality, we find in its earlier expression the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Bible is the expression “an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.“ That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense against society. To make repayment for this
26、 offense, society must get equally balanced, which can be done only by imposing an equal injury upon him. This conception of deserved-punishment justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and procedures of modern times, which is illustrated when we demand the death penalty for a person wh
27、o has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel, who believed that society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to
28、do something that will eliminate this denial and restore the self that has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his life will pay his debt. The demand for the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him what he deserves. Modern jurists have tri
29、ed to replace deserved-punishment justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. T
30、his does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him. Therefore, his conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of w
31、hich he is a part. 31 According to the Bible, the concept of equality in justice means _. （ A） a criminal must be severely punished （ B） a criminal must be given a punishment that is exactly the same as the crime he has done （ C） a criminal must be given a punishment that he deserves （ D） a criminal
32、 must pay for his crime with his eyes and teeth 32 The result of deserved-punishment justice is _. （ A） the criminals winning of a true life （ B） the criminals taking death penalty for the crime committed by him （ C） the criminals denial of his true self （ D） the restoration of the criminals guilty
33、self to the self before the crime 33 In the sentence: “society owed it to the criminal to put into operation a punishment equal to the crime he had committed“ the underlined part can be interpreted as: society （ A） was in debt to the criminal and must put him into operation as a punishment （ B） shou
34、ld consider punishment as something it must do so that the criminal can get paid back for his crime （ C） owed the criminal equality and must first show it in action （ D） owed an operation of equal crime to the criminal 34 The main difference between deserved-punishment and corrective justice is _. （
35、 A） the latter is for non-punishment equality （ B） the latter hates “an eye for an eye“ equality of punishment （ C） the latter places the criminals equal rights in life above everything else （ D） the latter focuses on both reforming the criminal and giving him new opportunities in society 35 Compare
36、d with the old justice concept, modern law as shown in this passage is _. （ A） less vengeful （ B） less effective （ C） less just （ D） less reasonable 35 A new biotechnology procedure that could become commercially available in as little as two to four years is “transgenosis“, which permits scientists
37、 to create an animal with specific traits by adding, removing, inactivating, or repairing genes in an embryo. The additional genes can come from any source. For example, if a gene of interest occurs in mosquitoes say, one that codes for resistance to a certain disease it can be removed and placed in
38、 the embryo of a farm animal, the several strains of commercially useful transgenic farm animals that will probably emerge in the next few years could include leaner pigs, poultry resisting to influenza or other deadly diseases, sheep with wool that is easier to wash, and goats that produce valuable
39、 pharmaceuticals in their milk. The simplest way to make transgenic animals is to inject a gene into a one-cell embryo and then implant the embryo in another animal. Under the right conditions, the new gene joins one of the embryos strands of genes. Each cell created as the embryo divides gets a cop
40、y of the new gene. An alternative technique is to incorporate the gene into a type of virus known as a retrovirus that has been modified so it cannot reproduce itself after entering a cell. The virus, which cannot cause disease, delivers the gene to the cells nucleus. Often this method is better tha
41、n gene injection because a retrovirus always delivers just one gene, and the gene is always undamaged and complete. 36 The new biotechnology procedure discussed in this passage mainly concerns _. （ A） embryos （ B） pigs, sheep and goats （ C） commercial science （ D） improvement of animal strains 37 In
42、 the first sentence, “to become commercially available“ means _. （ A） this procedure is available only on the market （ B） this procedure can be used in producing better farm animals （ C） This procedure can be used to promote business （ D） People such as farmers can use this procedure in their produc
43、tion 38 The transgenic farm animals mentioned in this passage are _. （ A） pigs, cows and mosquitoes that have gone through the transgenic procedure （ B） pigs, cows, sheep and chickens that have accepted additional genes （ C） leaner pigs, poultry that produce pharmaceuticals and healthier sheep （ D）
44、leaner pigs, chickens resisting diseases and goats that produce milk with medicine in it 39 Which of the following is NOT true? （ A） After injection, the embryo gets a copy of the new gene as it divides. （ B） The injection method is less good because the new gene sometimes fails to join the embryos
45、genes. （ C） The retrovirus multiplies after it enters the cell. （ D） The incorporating method is less simple but better. 40 The tone of this passage is _. （ A） critical （ B） factual （ C） humorous （ D） romantic 40 Genius The greatest results in life are attained by simple means, and the exercise of o
46、rdinary qualities. The common life of every day, with its cares, necessities, and duties, affords ample opportunity for acquiring experience of the best kind; and 41. its most beaten paths provide the true worker with abundant scope for effort and room for self-improvement. 42. The road of human wel
47、fare lies along the old highway of steadfast well-doing; and they who are the most persistent, and work in the truest: spirit, will usually be the most successful. Fortune has often been blamed for her blindness; but fortune is not so blind as men are. 43. Those who look into practical life will fin
48、d that fortune is usually on the side of the industrious, as the winds and waves are on the side of the best navigators. In the pursuit of even the highest branches of human inquiry, the commoner qualities are found the most useful, such as common sense, attention, application, and perseverance. Gen
49、ius may not be necessary, though even genius of the highest sort does not disdain the use of these ordinary qualities. 44. The very greatest men have been among the least believers in the power of genius, and as worldly wise and persevering as successful men of the commoner sort. 45. Some have even defined genius to be only common sense intensified. A distin
