1、考博英语模拟试卷 33及答案与解析 一、 Grammar 1 In 1984, President Ronald Reagan proposed that the United States construct a launch laboratory for a new era of space exploration. （ A） probing （ B） revenge （ C） invasion （ D） expansion 2 The mother is told that her child is desperately ill the chances of survival are
2、slim, and the treatment is as dreadful as the disease. （ A） incurable （ B） fearful （ C） impossible （ D） troublesome 3 In the flint decades of the twentieth century, the individual gem could not be seen, but could be worked with fruitfully. （ A） blindly （ B） completely （ C） productively （ D） carefull
3、y 4 She was so obstinate that she wouldnt adjust her opinions. （ A） inflexible （ B） alert （ C） wise （ D） talented 5 One of the most interesting inhabitants of our world is the bee, an insect which is indigenous to all parts of the globe except the polar regions. （ A） residents （ B） pets （ C） intimat
4、es （ D） creatures 6 The two psychologists had to modify the American Sign Language somewhat in order to accommodate the chimpanzees spontaneous gestures. （ A） change （ B） abort （ C） shorten （ D） enhance 7 One word describes what makes Singapore work: discipline. （ A） punishment （ B） regulation （ C）
5、unemployment （ D） salary 8 Both a persons heredity and his environment help to shape his character. （ A） relative （ B） education （ C） nationality （ D） surroundings 9 Jane and Tom have been able to reconcile their difference and are a happy family again. （ A） settle （ B） arrange （ C） balance （ D） pac
6、ify 10 Sometimes a dictionary designates a noun as attributive, which means that it can be used to describe another noun or name its attributes. （ A） conveys （ B） defines （ C） indicates （ D） explains 11 Giving the child problems he cannot solve will only frustrate him. （ A） baffle （ B） worry （ C） al
7、arm （ D） cultivate 12 The environmental balance among ecological communities is exceedingly complex. （ A） almost （ B） successfully （ C） extremely （ D） rarely 13 When we were in the mountains, we often found ourselves entirely enveloped by the fog. （ A） confined （ B） surrounded （ C） darkened （ D） blo
8、cked 14 Recent studies have identified four major global environmental risks; acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect. （ A） recognized （ B） proved （ C） got rid of （ D） multiplied 15 The primary objective of Basic Econometric, is to provide an elementary but a comprehensiv
9、e introduction to the art and science of econometrics. （ A） brief （ B） precise （ C） simplified （ D） extensive 16 A number of animals in Aesops fables are portrayed as being crafty. （ A） vain （ B） virtuous （ C） artistic （ D） cunning 17 General acceptance of 3-D films may prove hard to come by, as the
10、 experience of three decades ago indicated. （ A） obtain （ B） explain （ C） understand （ D） discern 18 Perhaps more than anything else, it was onerous taxes that led to the Peasants Revolt in England in 1381. （ A） multiple （ B） unjust （ C） burdensome （ D） infamous 19 Psychologists have errantly mounte
11、d an offensive against what they describe as nastiness toward students by educators. （ A） arbitrariness （ B） unpleasantness （ C） severity （ D） aloofness 20 Recent research into aging suggests that the bodys defense mechanisms may lose the ability to distinguish what is alien. （ A） insane （ B） infect
12、ious （ C） foreign （ D） poisonous 21 In ancient Egyptian paintings, royal figures were differentiated by making them several times larger than others. （ A） distinguished （ B） estranged （ C） deferred （ D） enlarged 22 Chimpanzees are frequently used as stand-ins for human beings in experiment. （ A） par
13、tners （ B） role-models （ C） stand-bys （ D） substitute 23 Differences in positions adopted by oxygen and hydrogen atoms account for variations in the crystalline structure of different forms of ice. （ A） are caused by （ B） explain （ C） derive from （ D） constitute 24 No other newspaper columnist has m
14、anaged as yet to rival Ann Landers popularity in terms of readership. （ A） though （ B） in spite of this （ C） even （ D） so far 25 Many politicians find that they can no longer afford the luxury of a personal chauffeur. （ A） valet （ B） driver （ C） secretary （ D） servant 26 The United States Food and D
15、rag Administration has shown itself to be particularly wary with regard to alleged “miracle“ drugs in recent times. （ A） bellicose （ B） exhausted （ C） cautious （ D） strange 27 The plainer is a bowerbirds plumage, the more brightly it decorates its nest to attract a mate. （ A） more spectacular （ B） d
16、uller （ C） flatter （ D） more melancholy 28 Attitudes on the two sides in the Revolutionary War precluded the possibility of a peaceful solution. （ A） presaged （ B） prejudiced （ C） anticipated （ D） prevented 29 Cowries shells were once in widespread use as a token of value. （ A） a symbol （ B） an amou
17、nt （ C） a thing （ D） an investment 30 Adverse reviews in the New York press may greatly Change the prospects of a new Broadway production. （ A） additional （ B） encouraging （ C） unfavorable （ D） subversive 二、 Reading Comprehension 30 In the simplest terms, a market is the place where seller meets buy
18、er to exchange products for money. Traditional markets still function in ninny parts of the world. Even in the United Sates, during summer months, there are farmers markets where direct selling and buying take place between producers and consumers. Most service industries still operate at this marke
19、t level. Manufacturing industries and most agricultural enterprises are more distant from the consumer. Their products pass through several hands-truckers, warehouse workers, wholesalers, and retailers before reaching the final consumer. Products, or commodities are usually divided into two types: c
20、onsumer and industrial. Consumer goods are those that are sold to final users, the customers. These goods include food, clothing, automobiles, television sets, appliances, and all those things people go to stores to purchase. Industrial goods are those that are sold to companies or other businesses
21、for use in manufacturing or other purposes. Automobile makers buy many of the parts used to assemble ears. A tire manufacturer buys robber, synthetic or otherwise, with which to make fires. Eventually these materials will end up in the hands of final users: the owners of the cars. The nature of indu
22、strial goods depends-on the nature of the goods to be made for final users. The price of industrial goods and raw materials will influence the price of final goods, those that the consumer buys. 31 It can be inferred that _. （ A） most of the products exchanged at traditional markets are consumer goo
23、ds （ B） most of the products bought and sold at traditional markets are industrial goods （ C） most farmers lived far away form marketplaces and never sold their products directly （ D） most service industries have not yet developed mature markets for their products 32 Medical equipment sold to doctor
24、s is an instance of _. （ A） consumer product （ B） industrial product （ C） raw material （ D） direct exchanged product 33 By saying “Manufacturing industries and most agricultural enterprises are more distant from the censurers“, the author means _. （ A） their products are never sold directly into con
25、sumers hands （ B） they usually build their factories far away from markets （ C） they usually need agents to sell and deliver their goods into consumers hands （ D） they have used trucks to carry their products to consumers hands 34 Paper sold to a publishing industry _. （ A） will influence the price
26、of paper industry （ B） is a product delivered to the final user （ C） is a consumer product （ D） is an industrial product 35 A wholesaler (Paragraph 2, Line 2) is _. （ A） a person who sells a great variety of foods （ B） an agent who deals with industrial products （ C） a person that manages big stores
27、 and factories （ D） an agent that buys and sells goods in great quantities 35 Direct adverting includes all forms of sales appeals, mailed, delivered, or exhibited directly to the prospective buyer of an advertised product or service, without use of any indirect medium, such as newspapers or televis
28、ion. Direct advertising logically may be divided into three broad classifications, namely, direct-mail advertising, mail order advertising, and unmailed direct advertising. All forms of sales appeals that are sent through the mails are considered direct-mail advertising. The chief functions of direc
29、t-mail advertising are to familiarize prospective buyers with a product, its name, its maker, and its merits and with the products local distributors. The direct-mail appeal is designed also to support the sales activities of retailers by encouraging the continued patronage of both old and new custo
30、mers. When no personal selling is involved, other methods are needed to persuade people to send in orders by mall. In addition to newspapers, magazines, radio, and television, other special devices order promotions are designed to accomplish a complete selling job without salespeople. Used for the s
31、ame broad purposes as direct-mall advertising, unmailed direct-mail advertising, includes all forms of indoor advertising displays and all printed sales appeals distributed from door to door, handed to customers in retail stores or conveyed in some other manner directly to the recipient. With each m
32、edium competing keenly for its share of the business, advertising agencies continue to develop new techniques for displaying and selling wares and services. Among these techniques have been vastly improved printing and reproduction methods in the graphic field, adapted to magazine advertisements and
33、 to direct-mail enclosures; the use of color in newspaper advertisements and in television; and outdoor signboards more attractively designed and efficiently lighted. Many subtly effective improvements are suggested by advertising research. 36 Direct advertising _. （ A） includes all forms of sales a
34、ppeals to the prospective buyer （ B） is produced mainly for newspaper or television （ C） is an activity by which real products are shown to buyers （ D） uses post as a chief means to contact prospective buyers 37 Direct-mail advertising _. （ A） uses letters as a chief means of providing information （
35、 B） sends old customers detailed information about new products （ C） uses letters to tell prospective buyers about the local sellers （ D） sends over the prospective buyers sample products by parcels 38 The word “prospective“ in the first sentence of the passage means _. （ A） would be （ B） prosperous
36、 （ C） rich （ D） old 39 The chief function of unmailed advertising is _. （ A） to send sample products from door to door （ B） to familiarize the customers with the products （ C） to deliver the products directly to the retail stores （ D） to send information about the products in quick ways 40 From the
37、last paragraph we learn _. （ A） direct advertising is the best way to promote a product （ B） companies are trying to find the best way to sell their products （ C） advertising is becoming enriched by the research in this area （ D） old ways of advertising is giving ways to new ways of doing it 40 The
38、traditional appeal of the income tax has come from its wide acceptance, as a fair tax, closely related to an individuals ability to pay. For many years the income tax provided large federal income without imposing heavy burdens on the great majority of people. By the mid-20m century, however, seriou
39、s criticisms of tax loopholes were heard. Concerted attempts at reform resulted only in a more complex and eroded tax base. The situation worsened in the 1970s, as rising inflation pushed people into higher tax brackets although their incomes were barely keeping pace with rising prices. This pressur
40、e further eroded public confidence in the fairness of the income tax; at the same time it created strong incentives to utilize tax shelters and other loopholes, as well as to conceal off-the-record income. Built-in inflation adjustments were adopted, first by a number of states and then in 1985 by t
41、he federal government. Income tax policy is inevitably controversial because it rests essentially on judgments that must be constantly reconsidered as social values changes. The complex task of working out the many reductions and exclusions to be allowed from income because they either make for grea
42、ter fairness among taxpayers or promote worthy social goals (such as charitable contributions) is one of the most difficult and politically sensitive problems faced by governments. Another major area of dispute is whether wages and salaries should be taxed the same way as business profits or investm
43、ent income. While some countries and a few U.S. states explicitly apply separate stets of roles to the measurement of different kinds of taxable income, others, like most U.S. state governments, seek to treat all sources of income in the same way. Even so, dissimilarities inevitably arise. Some cost
44、s of earning income are mom readily deducted(扣除 ) from business and self-employment earnings than they are from wages and salaries. Inflation, by eroding the value of capital, distorts the measurement of income from that source. Complex adjustments to the tax law could in principle eliminate these i
45、mbalance, but most countries have preferred simpler, more arbitrary solutions. 41 Most people accept income as a fair tax since _. （ A） every individual enjoys public welfare （ B） every citizen of a country has the duty to pay taxes （ C） it is within their capability to pay it （ D） it is closely rel
46、ated to the individuals benefits 42 In the 1970s, _. （ A） many people called for the cancellation of income tax （ B） many people questioned the fairness of income tax （ C） many people stopped to pay lax because of poverty （ D） inflation rose beyond the governments control 43 In 1985, _. （ A） inflati
47、on was taken into account in the federal governments income tax policy （ B） inflation rate was brought under control and income lax rate was reduced （ C） a number of states made their own laws against the rising inflation （ D） the federal government adopted several inflation combating policies 44 Wh
48、ich of the following income may enjoy a reduced tax or exclusion? （ A） Off-the-record income （ B） Self-employment earnings （ C） Business earnings （ D） Income from charitable activities 45 The majority of the US state governments _. （ A） use different sets of roles for various taxable income （ B） app
49、ly the same policy to all sources of income （ C） allow for a reduction for self. employment earnings （ D） treat business and investment income in the same way 45 When Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected President of the United States in 1932, not only the United States but also the rest of the world was in the throes of an economic depression. Following the termination of World War I , Britain and the United States at first experienced a boom in industry. Called the roaring Twenties, the 1920s ushere
