1、考博英语模拟试卷 66及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Some professors prefer to control discussion while others prefer to guide the class without _ it. （ A） enforcing （ B） dominating （ C） enhancing （ D） disposing 2 The unpleasant taste of the medicine prescribed by a famous doctor _ in his mouth for hours
2、. （ A） rests （ B） waited （ C） prolonged （ D） lingered 3 Most of all, older men and women must regain the chance to live as free human beings with dignity and respect in _ with our democratic principles. （ A） cooperation （ B） connection （ C） harmony （ D） solidarity. 4 Despite all the evidence to the
3、contrary the witness _ that the story was true. （ A） stuck out （ B） stood out （ C） kept down （ D） held up 5 The first and essential step in the study of any language is observing and _ pre cisely what happens when native speakers speak it. （ A） setting down （ B） setting out （ C） putting across （ D）
4、putting away 6 While nuclear weapons present grave _ . dangers, the predominant crisis of over population is with us today. （ A） inevitable （ B） constant （ C） overwhelming （ D） potential 7 Recently a number of eases have been reported of young children _ a violent act previously seen on television.
5、（ A） duplicating （ B） modifying （ C） accelerating （ D） stimulating 8 The _ of the book, with the text on the left and the notes on the right makes it pleasant to read. （ A） layout （ B） output （ C） outcome （ D） pattern 9 Although crowded cities seem to be a _ of our crowded world, only 10 percent of
6、the world s people live in cities as large as Madrid or larger. （ A） scene （ B） signal （ C） symbol （ D） site 10 The language barrier made communication difficult, but finally, part of my message _. （ A） passed away （ B） went over （ C） came up （ D） got through 11 Tall-growing crops should be planted
7、where they will not shade or _ with the growth of small crops. （ A） interrupt （ B） interfere （ C） disturb （ D） distract 12 The bank manager asked Irish assistant if it was possible for him to _ the investment plan within a week. （ A） work out （ B） make out （ C） put out （ D） set out 13 If you _ your
8、demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want. （ A） lessen （ B） moderate （ C） dismiss （ D） overcome 14 Parents often faced the _ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.
9、 （ A） paradox （ B） junction （ C） dilemma （ D） premise 15 At one time the Democratic Party was considered to be a party standing _ state rights. （ A） up for （ B） by （ C） out （ D） back 16 Pedants are inclined to made _ distinctions so they can show off their learning. （ A） terse （ B） tenuous （ C） timo
10、rous （ D） temporal 17 Disguised as fiction, novels are sometimes _ accounts of actual. （ A） veracious （ B） venial （ C） venal （ D） veritable 18 The chairperson of a woman s club being addressed by Adlai Stevenson during his campaign indulged in a lengthy introduction full of _ remarks; （ A） laudatory
11、 （ B） lascivious （ C） languish （ D） lethargic 19 The English are famous for exchanging _ remarks on the weather. （ A） persistent （ B） pernicious （ C） peripatetic （ D） perfunctory 20 The _ analysis by H.L. Mencken of the American character outraged some and delighted others. （ A） mottled （ B） mundane
12、 （ C） mordant （ D） munificent 二、 Reading Comprehension 20 It is natural for young people to be critical of their parents at times and to blame them for most of the misunderstandings between them. They have always complained, more or less justly, that their parents are out of touch with modern ways;
13、they are possessive and dominant; that they do not trust their children to deal with crises; that they talk too much about certain problems-and that they have no sense of humor, at least in parent-child relationships. I think it is true that parents often underestimate their teenager children and al
14、so forget how they themselves felt when young. Young people often irritate their patents with their choices in clothes and hairstyles, in entertainers and music. This is not their motive. They feel cut off from the adult world into which they have not yet been accepted. So they create a culture and
15、society of their own. Then, if it turns out that their music or entertainers or vocabulary or clothes or hairstyles irritate their parents, this gives them additional enjoyment. They feel they are superior, at least in a small way, and that they are leaders in style and taste. Sometimes you are resi
16、stant and proud because you do not want your parents to approve of what you do. If they did approve, it looks as if you are betraying your own age group. But in that case, you are assuming that you are the underdog (失败者 ) : you can t win but at least you can keep your honor. This is a passive way of
17、 looking at things. It is natural enough after long years of child hood, when you were completely under your parents control. But it ignores the fact that you are now beginning to be responsible for yourself. If you plan to control your life, co-operation can be part of that plan. You can charm othe
18、rs, especially your parents, into doing things the way you want. You can impress others with your sense of responsibility and initiative, so that they will give you the authority to do what you want to do. 21 The author is primarily addressing _. （ A） parents of teenagers （ B） newspaper readers （ C）
19、 those who give advice to teenagers （ D） children in their teens 22 The first paragraph is mainly about _. （ A） teenagers criticism of their parents （ B） misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents （ C） the dominance of the parents over their children （ D） the teenagers ability to deal wit
20、h crises 23 Teenagers tend to have strange clothes and hairstyles because they _. （ A） want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own （ B） have a strong desire to be leaders in style and taste （ C） have no other way to enjoy themselves better than before （ D） want to irritate their
21、parents enormously 24 Teenagers do not want their parents to approve of whatever they do because they _. （ A） have already been accepted into the adult world （ B） feel that they are superior in a small way to the adults （ C） are not likely to win over the adults （ D） have a desire to be independent
22、25 To improve parent-child relationships, teenagers are advised to be _. （ A） obedient （ B） responsible （ C） co-operative （ D） independent 25 Green-space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lectu
23、re or every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green-spaces in the urban environment is a first
24、step on the right way, this does mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green-space in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, na
25、mely the recreative function of green-space facilities. The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whether there
26、 was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important past of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So
27、 it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect. The very best standard
28、of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only f
29、eel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you. 26 According to the author, the importance of green-spaces in the urban environment _. （ A） is still unknown （ B） is usually neglected （ C） is being closely studied （ D） has been full recognized 27 The theoretical separati
30、on of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to _. （ A） the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighborhood （ B） the location of recreation facilities far from home （ C） relatively little attention for recreative possibilities （ D） the improvement of recreative possibilities in t
31、he neighborhood 28 The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of green-space should be provided _. （ A） in special areas （ B） in the suburbs （ C） in the neighborhood of the house （ D） in gardens and parks 29 According to the author, green-space facilities should be designed in such a way
32、that _. （ A） more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspect （ B） more and more people might have access to them （ C） an increasing number of recreative activities might be developed （ D） recreative activities might be brought into our homes 30 The main idea of this passage is that （ A）
33、 better use of green-space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of life （ B） attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities （ C） the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago （ D） priority must he given to the de
34、velopment of obligatory activities 30 The fascination with dreams has continued through the various phases of human history. There is reason to believe that the earliest societies may have considered dreaming as a voyage of the soul, a separation but quite definite being of the person. This, indeed,
35、 is how many primitive societies think of dreams today. More advanced societies have often thought of dreams as containing messages from the gods. This was one of the views held in ancient Egypt and Greece. While sleep has been considered an appropriate object of scientific study, dreaming has usual
36、ly been considered rather a subject for fairy-tales and legends, and a plaything for philosophers. Even when Europeans started making progress in the physical and biological sciences, they dismissed dreaming as a proper scientific object because dreams were chiefly incomprehensible products of an in
37、efficient, poorly oxygenated brain. In the nineteenth century, however, at least some medical men and scientists took dreaming more seriously and noted that dreams were perhaps the psychoses of madness of the normal man, during which strange and usually hidden thoughts appeared. This was in a sense
38、a rediscovery of an old idea, already mentioned in Republic. Freud accepted this idea, and used his insight into dreaming to propose a complete theoretical outline for the organization of thought, involving primary processes and secondary process thinking. Freud was so impressed with the possibiliti
39、es offered by the study of dreams for understanding mental life that he spoke of the dream as royal road to the un conscious. However, Freud and the psychiatrists who followed him considered dreaming from feeling and probably instantaneous phenomenon. The prevalent view was that either dreaming took
40、 place during the moment of awaking, or, on the other hand, that dreaming occurred constantly but was only very occasionally and haphazardly “sampled“ by consciousness. In either ease, the various properties of dreaming were explained on the basis of the properties of the solid underlying state of s
41、leep. A great deal of recent work completely contradicts this formulation indicating that dreaming is associated with an entire biological state of its own, state in many ways as different from ordinary sleep as it is different from waking. This biological state, or the D-state, has been found to oc
42、cur in all mammalian species studied, as well as in people. It occurs at times when the psychological experience of dreaming is unlikely; for instance, in the newborn child, and the newborn cat. Recently a new field of inquiry has been developed by Aserinksy, Kleitman and other workers in the physio
43、logical, biological, and chemical sciences. This new field is the biology of dreaming, which sometimes has a focus far removed from the psychology of the dream. Through modem scientists joint effort, mysteries of dreaming may soon be unlocked. 31 The author considers our understanding of dreaming so
44、meday _. （ A） imaginary （ B） likely （ C） suspicious （ D） inevitable 32 It can be inferred from the passage that the following events occurred the earliest is _. （ A） the writing of Republic （ B） Freud s study （ C） the discovery of D-state （ D） Aserinsky s research 33 The title that best summaries th
45、e content of the passage is most probably _. （ A） Freud, a Great Psychiatrist （ B） Dreaming and Our Effort to Understand It （ C） How Our Ancestors Thought of Dreaming （ D） Why Do We Dream? 34 The authors attitude toward Freuds studies can be best described as _. （ A） ambiguous but misguided （ B） val
46、id but limited （ C） insightful but controversial （ D） premature and illogical 35 According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） In ancient Egypt and Greece people treated dreams as containing messages from the gods. （ B） Freud thought of the dreams as royal road to the
47、 unconscious. （ C） The mysteries of dreaming have been unlocked through modern scientists joint effort. （ D） The phenomenon of dreaming can take place whether you are awake or you are sleeping. 35 The teacher of reading is involved, whether this is consciously realized or not, in the development of
48、a literate society. And every teacher, therefore, needs to determine what level of literacy is demanded by society, what role he or she should take in achieving the desired standard of literacy, and what the implications of literacy are in world context. The UNESCO report presents a world view of li
49、teracy. Too often we limit our thoughts to the relatively small proportion of illiterates in our country and fail to see it in its international context. The problems facing developing nations are also facing industrialized national development and national development as a whole is bound up with the world context. Literacy is not a by-product of social and economical development-it is a component of that deve
