1、考博英语模拟试卷 80及答案与解析 一、 Structure and Vocabulary 1 Giorgio, now fifteen, and Lucia, also in her teens, were reaching the _ of their adolescence. （ A） crisis （ B） criterion （ C） causality （ D） credibility 2 At first Jackie prayed, frozen in fear, but gradually his terror _ curiosity. （ A） put up with （
2、B） lived up to （ C） did away with （ D） gave way to 3 The International Olympic Committee rejects the accusations that Beijings budget-cutting move might _ its preparation for the games. （ A） degrade （ B） deliberate （ C） deploy （ D） defend 4 You are not allowed to take a second job _ your employer gi
3、ves you permission. （ A） so long as （ B） otherwise （ C） unless （ D） whereas 5 They continued to _ about and enjoy themselves until they became tired. （ A） stroke （ B） stroll （ C） stammer （ D） string 6 The survey asked 50 school children about the values and beliefs they _ from television. （ A） pick
4、up （ B） take up （ C） put up （ D） make up 7 I am grateful for your _ invitation, and Id like to accept your offer with pleasure. （ A） delighted （ B） innocent （ C） gracious （ D） prestigious 8 I must _ you farewell right now, but on some future occasion, I hope to see you again. （ A） relay （ B） bid （ C
5、） send （ D） deliver 9 Perhaps my dishes will not be as delicious as those which you are accustomed to eating, but I beg you to grant my _ and have dinner with me. （ A） resentment （ B） requirement （ C） request （ D） reservation 10 That singular achievement was not just about Koreas arrival as a footba
6、ll force but as a self-confident mature nation to be _ seriously. （ A） coped （ B） shown （ C） established （ D） taken 11 Europe as a _ unit did little by itself; it either sent for US help, or each European government acted on its own. （ A） incidental （ B） apparent （ C） cohesive （ D） descendent 12 On
7、9 December, James Joyce experienced one of those coincidences which affected him _ at the time and which later became material for his books. （ A） inadequately （ B） systematically （ C） profoundly （ D） simultaneously 13 Embarrassed, I nodded, trying to think of some way to _ my error. （ A） make do wi
8、th （ B） make up for （ C） go in for （ D） go along with 14 Furthermore, if I were to leave him, he would _, for he cannot endure to be separated from me for more than one hour. （ A） prevail （ B） preside （ C） perish （ D） persecute 15 With high hopes, the company sent samples of the substance to scienti
9、sts, but they couldnt _ any practical uses for it. （ A） come up with （ B） do justice to （ C） get even with （ D） look up to 16 He signed a new contract with the Dublin firm, Maunsel Company, on more favorable _ than those Grant Richards had given him. （ A） items （ B） terms （ C） articles （ D） specific
10、ations 17 Most scientists agree this outpouring contributes to global warming, which could eventually lead to coastal flooding, _ weather, and widespread crop loss. （ A） intensive （ B） extreme （ C） unpleased （ D） unique 18 There was a quick turnover of staff in the department as the manager treated
11、his employees with _ contempt. （ A） utter （ B） sole （ C） intimate （ D） corresponding 19 The source, who spoke on condition of anonymity, _ to discuss the implication of that conclusion. （ A） receded （ B） implied （ C） complied （ D） declined 20 Childhood can be a time of great insecurity and lonelines
12、s, during which tile need to be accepted by peers _ great significance. （ A） takes on （ B） works out （ C） brings about （ D） gives in 二、 Cloze 20 Can exercise be a bad thing? Sudden death during or soon alter strenuous exertion on the squash court or on the army training grounds, is not unheard of【 4
13、1】 trained marathon runners are not immune to fatal heart attacks. But no one knows just【 42】common these sudden deaths linked to exercise are. The registration and investigation of such【 43】 is very patchy; only a national survey could determine the true【 44】 of sudden deaths in sports. But the cli
14、mate of medical opinion is shifting in【 45】 of exercise, for the person recovering from a heart attack as【 46】 as the average lazy individual. Training can help the victim of a heart attack by lowering the【 47】 of oxygen the heart needs at any given level of work【 48】 the patient can do more before
15、reaching the point where chest pains indicate a heart starved of oxygen. The question is, should middle-aged people,【 49】 particular, be screened for signs of heart disease before【 50】 vigorous exercise? Most cases of sudden death in sport are caused by lethal arrhythmias in the beating of the heart
16、, often in people【 51】 undiagnosed coronary heart disease. In North America【 52】 over 35 is advised to have a physical check-up and even an exercise electrocardiogram. The British, on the whole, think all this testing is unnecessary. Not many people die from exercise,【 53】 , and ECGs (心电图 ) are noto
17、riously inaccurate. However, two medical cardiologists at the Victoria Infirmary in Glasgow, advocate screening by exercise ECG for people over 40, or younger people【 54】 at risk of developing coronary heart disease. Individuals showing a particular abnormality in their ECGs【 55】 , they say, a 10 to
18、 20 times greater risk of subsequently developing signs of coronary heart disease, or of sudden death. （ A） Then （ B） Though （ C） Since （ D） Even （ A） why （ B） how （ C） if （ D） what （ A） runners （ B） exercises （ C） patients （ D） cases （ A） initiation （ B） evidence （ C） incidence （ D） indication （ A）
19、 favor （ B） positive （ C） inclination （ D） indication （ A） good （ B） well （ C） much （ D） far （ A） weight （ B） amount （ C） degree （ D） quality （ A） however （ B） because （ C） but （ D） so （ A） at （ B） to （ C） for （ D） in （ A） taking up （ B） trying on （ C） getting over （ D） doing with （ A） beyond （ B） b
20、y （ C） with （ D） of （ A） anyone （ B） none （ C） some （ D） nobody （ A） of course （ B） at all （ C） after all （ D） by far （ A） readily （ B） suddenly （ C） already （ D） ready （ A） having （ B） had （ C） having been （ D） have 三、 Reading Comprehension 35 I myself first saw Samarkand from a rise across a wilde
21、rness of crumbling ruins and great graveyards which lie between it and the airport. Suddenly we caught a glimpse of painted towers and the great blue domes of mosques and tombs shouldering the full weight of the sky among bright green trees and gardens. Beyond the gardens and the glittering domes st
22、ill were those watchful mountains and their evocative snow. I found myself thinking of the thrill I had on catching my first sight of Damascus after crossing the desert from Syria. The light, file orchards and many of the trees were the same but deeper still was the sense of coming into contact with
23、 one of the most astonishing cultures in history, the world of the one and only Allah and his prophet Muhammad. It was a world that completely overawed me. Yet the memory of Samarkand which stays with me most clearly is quite a humble one. Coming back to the city from the country on my last evening
24、we passed some unusual elm trees and I stopped to have a look at them. They were, my guide told me, perhaps a thousand years old, older certainly than Genghis Khan. A flock of fat-tailed sheep (the same kind of sheep that my own ancestors saw a Hottentot keeping when they landed at the Cape of Good
25、Hope 321 years ago), tended by some Tadshik children, moved slowly home in the distance. Then from the city came quite clearly the call to prayer from mosque and minaret. I had not expected any calls at all and it made no difference that some of the calls came over loud-speakers. Then beyond the tre
26、es an old man appeared on a donkey, dismounted, spread a prayer mat on the ground, and kneeling towards Mecca, he began to pray. From Samarkand I journeyed on to Bokhara which was once the holiest city in Central Asia. At one time it possessed over a hundred religious colleges and close to four hund
27、red mosques. It drew adventurers of all races towards it as it did Marco Polo. Not many of them reached their destination. These days at what used to be one of the richest market places in the world, one buys ice-cream instead of slaves; watches and mass-produced trinkets and fizzy drinks instead of
28、 gold, silks and turquoise jewellery. Few of the four hundred mosques remain and most have vanished without even leaving a trace. 36 Samarkand lies _ （ A） in a desert （ B） high in the mountains （ C） in front of Damascus （ D） between the mountains and the airport 37 The author said that he was overaw
29、ed by （ A） the beauty of the scene （ B） the sight of Damascus （ C） the age of the place （ D） the world of Allah and Muhammad 38 The author refers to his clearest memory of Samarkand as “humble“ because _. （ A） it was an ordinary scene that he remembered （ B） it was his last night in the city and his
30、 last memory （ C） the elm trees were older than Genghis Khan （ D） the trees looked impressive in the evening light 39 The author says that the sheep he saw were similar to _. （ A） the ones his ancestors had kept （ B） the ones that lived in his own country （ C） those his ancestors had seen at the Cap
31、e of Good Hope （ D） those his ancestors had taken to the Cape of Good Hope 40 The author was surprised to hear the calls to prayer because _. （ A） he was far away from the city, yet he could hear them clearly （ B） he did not think there would be any calls （ C） the calls came from the mosques （ D） th
32、e calls were no different over loud-speakers 41 The market has changed in character because now _. （ A） it does sell jewellery （ B） the holy men do not sell there （ C） it sells goods for tourists and items of little value （ D） the traders have disappeared because it is too dangerous to sell there 41
33、 The component of the healthy personality that is the first to develop is the sense of trust. As with other personality components, the sense of trust is not something that develops independent of other manifestations of growth. It is not that infants learn how to use their bodies for purposeful mov
34、ement, learn to recognize people and objects around them, and also develop a sense of trust. Rather, the concept “sense of trust“ is a shortcut expression intended to convey the characteristic flavor of all the childs satisfying experiences at this early age. Studies of mentally ill individuals and
35、observations of infants who have been grossly deprived of affection suggest that trust is an early-formed and important element in the healthy personality. Psychiatrists find again and again that the most serious illnesses occur in patients who have been sorely neglected or abused or otherwise depri
36、ved of love in infancy. Observations of infants brought up in emotionally unfavorable institutions or moved to hospitals with inadequate facilities for psychological care support these findings. A recent report says that “Infants under 5 months of age who have been in an institution for some time pr
37、esent a well-defined picture. The outstanding features are listlessness, relative immobility, quietness, poor sleep, an appearance of unhappiness, etc.“ Another investigation of children separated from their mothers at 6 to 12 months and not provided with an adequate substitute comes to much the sam
38、e conclusion. Most significant for our present point, these reactions are most likely to occur in children who, up to the time of separation at 6 to 9 months of age, had a happy relation with their mothers, while those whose relations were unhappy are relatively unaffected. It is at about this age t
39、hat the struggle between trusting and mistrusting the world comes to a climax, for it is then that children first perceive clearly that they and their environment are things apart. That at this point formerly happy infants should react do badly to separation suggests, indeed, that they had a faith t
40、hat now has been shattered. In most primitive societies and in some sections of our own society, the attention accorded infants is more in line with natural processes. Throughout infancy the baby is surrounded by people who are ready to feed it, fondle it, and otherwise comfort it at a moments notic
41、e. Moreover, these ministrations are given spontaneously and wholeheartedly, and without that element of nervous concern that may characterize the efforts of young mothers made self-conscious and insecure by our scientific age. We must not exaggerate, however. Most infants in our society too find sm
42、iles and comfort. As their own bodies come to be more dependable, there is added to the pleasures of increasing sensory response and motor control the pleasure of the mothers encouragement. Then, too, psychologists tell us that mothers create a sense of trust in their children not by the particular
43、techniques they employ but by the sensitiveness with which they respond to the childrens needs and by their overall attitude. 42 The sense of trust in an infant is under development when _. （ A） the infant experiences some satisfaction （ B） adults trust is adequate （ C） the infant learns how to move
44、 （ D） the infant is surrounded by people he can recognize 43 The author raises evidence of mental illness and other disorders in children _. （ A） to introduce a discussion of the effect of institutions on children （ B） to show the effect on children of an unhappy relation with their mothers during i
45、nfancy （ C） to warn parents of the dangers of neglecting and abusing their children （ D） to support the point that trust is an early formed and important element of a healthy personality 44 Babies might mistrust the world if _. （ A） they did not receive food when they were hungry （ B） they mastered
46、their body movements too quickly （ C） someone came too close to them （ D） they saw an object disappear 45 The climax in the development of a sense of trust occurs _. （ A） before maternal affection is provided （ B） when a child perceives that he or she is separate from the environment （ C） when a chi
47、ld successfully controls his or her muscular coordination （ D） as a result of maternal separation 46 A possible reason that a child having an unhappy relation with his/her mother will not be affected by maternal separation at 6 to 9 months is that _. （ A） the struggle between trusting and mistrustin
48、g has reached a climax （ B） the child sees himself/herself as being separate from the environment （ C） the childs sense of trust is destroyed （ D） no sense of trust has ever developed 47 According to this passage, the most important factor in developing a sense of trust is _ （ A） the type of techniq
49、ues used by the mother （ B） the sensitivity of the child （ C） maternal love （ D） the combined effect of natural feeling and cultural attitudes 48 How can mothers create a sense of trust in a child? （ A） By showing confidence and experience in front of the child. （ B） By applying techniques taught by psychologists. （ C） By showing the child that the mother is understanding of his/her wants. （ D） By offering smiles and comfo
