1、职称英语（卫生类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Loud noises can be annoying. （ A） hateful （ B） painful （ C） horrifying （ D） irritating 2 Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberate
2、ly controlled and modified. （ A） sufficiently （ B） noticeably （ C） intentionally （ D） absolutely 3 The Constitutions vague nature has given it the flexibility to be adapted when circumstances change. （ A） imprecise （ B） concise （ C） unpolished （ D） elementary 4 The expedition reached the summit at 1
3、0:30 that morning. （ A） top of the mountain （ B） bottom of the mountain （ C） starting point （ D） site 5 The latest census is encouraging. （ A） count （ B） statement （ C） agreement （ D） estimate 6 Academic records from other institutions often become part of a universitys official file and can neither
4、 be returned to a student nor duplicated. （ A） borrowed （ B） purchased （ C） copied （ D） rewritten 7 While serving in the Senate in the early 1970s, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems. （ A） list （ B） forbid （ C） handle （ D） investigate 8
5、 Gambling is lawful in Nevada. （ A） legal （ B） irresistible （ C） enjoyable （ D） profitable 9 They always mock me because I am ugly. （ A） smile at （ B） look down on （ C） belittle （ D） laugh at 10 These are our motives for doing it. （ A） reasons （ B） arguments （ C） targets （ D） stimuli 11 It was a que
6、stion of making sure that certain needs were addressed, notably in the pensions area. （ A） noticeably （ B） remarkably （ C） particularly （ D） significantly 12 His new girlfriend had omitted to tell him that she was married. （ A） forgotten （ B） failed （ C） deleted （ D） left out 13 Many of their ideas
7、are being incorporated into orthodox medical treatment. （ A） acceptable （ B） conservative （ C） western （ D） conventional 14 Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous. （ A） unheard of （ B） unacceptable （ C） unbelievable （ D） ridiculous 15 Guests were scared when the bomb exploded. （ A） frighte
8、ned （ B） killed （ C） endangered （ D） rescued 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如 果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Privacy Worry May Keep HIV Patients from Therapy Patients infected with HIV are often concerned about the confidentiality of the
9、ir HIV-positive status. In fact, some patients are so worried that they will actually give up treatment to prevent the release of this information, according to a report published in the August issue of AIDS Care. Dr. Kathryn Whetten-Goldstein and colleagues from Duke University, Durham, North Carol
10、ina, studied the confidentiality issues of 15 HIV-infected patients from rural North Carolina locations. They were divided into groups designed to explore their attitudes toward, and experiences with, breaches in confidentiality. “The fear of a breach in confidentiality is definitely affecting the c
11、are that HIV-infected patients receive,“ Whetten-Goldstein said. “Most studied patients had experienced or knew someone who had experienced a breach in confidentiality.“ “Two types of breaches occurred,“ Whetten-Goldstein noted. “The first was a more obvious type of breach. One example was a nurse w
12、ho told her child that her patient was HIV-positive out of concern that her child would play with the patients child.“ “The other type of breach was more subtle, one that providers might not consider breaches,“ Whetten-Goldstein explained. “This type of breach involves providers talking about a pati
13、ents HIV status without the patients knowledge of the interaction.“ “The law allows the sharing of information between providers within the same institution, but patients consent must be obtained before providers at different institutions can share information,“ she pointed out. “Patients in the stu
14、dy wanted providers to tell them when they are going to share information with other providers and why it is being done,“ Whetten-Goldstein said. “They also felt that providers should be punished when a breach occurs.“ “However, because patients are often reluctant to seek legal action which may fur
15、ther expose their status, they felt that the system should regulate itself,“ she added. 16 All patients in the study refuse to receive any treatment because of the possibility to expose their HIV status. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Worry about breaches in confidentiality of the HIV s
16、tatus has nothing to do with the curative effects on patients. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Medical workers of an institution cannot freely provide their HIV-patients information to those of other institutions. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Whether a HIV-infected patient
17、 agrees to other (not his) medical workers sharing the information about his HIV status is one of the rights given by the constitution. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Most patients in the study strongly object to the breaches in the confidentiality of their HIV status. （ A） Right （ B） W
18、rong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Quite a few patients will firmly defend their own right if such a breach occurs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Breaches in confidentiality are common in medical circles all over the world. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，
19、共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所 给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 China Seeks Donors to Narrow Bone Marrow Gap 1 China has launched a campaign to recruit more bone marrow donors, amid a shortage of funds as well as of sibling donors who could help the growing
20、 number of patients in need of lifesaving transplants, state media reported on Monday. 2 The Chinese Red Cross began the national campaign over the weekend to find donors for some 4 million patients suffering from leukaemia, thalassaemia and other blood diseases and awaiting bone marrow transplants,
21、 the official China Daily said. Every year China has 40,000 new leukaemia patients, most of them under 35 and 50 percent of them children, the newspaper said. Other reports have linked Chinas growing childhood leukaemia to solvents and building materials used in interior decoration. 3 With a tiny po
22、ol of bone marrow donors, weakened by the absence of sibling donors for most children because of Chinas one-child policy, doctors rely on donors from Taiwan to save many young leukaemia patients, the Beijing Evening News said last weekend. Taiwan, with a population of 22 million, has 210,000 registe
23、red donors compared with fewer than 30,000 donors among mainland Chinas 1.3 billion people, the newspaper said. 4 Yet the lack of registered donors may reflect a lack of funding for testing and recording data on potential donors rather than a lack of volunteers, the newspaper said. China needs a poo
24、l of at 1east 100,000 donors but testing them would cost more than 50 million yuan, it said. 5 The Hong Kong Marrow Match Foundation said it has helped “a handful“ of patients in Beijing, Shanghai and other cities. “The number of requests is increasing“ from mainland China, including direct calls to
25、 the charity from desperate patients or relatives, said the foundations donor coordinator Marven Chin. But the cost of extracting bone marrow from one of the foundations 40,000 registered donors and flying it by courier has to be borne by the patients, and many of them have to be aided financially,
26、Chin said. 23 A Urgent Need for Both Donors and Funds B Shortage of Donors C Desperate Leukaemia Patients D Seriousness of the Current Situation E Shortage of Funds F Comparison Between Mainland and Hong Kong and Taiwan 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A about o
27、ne percent of the total population B to be responsible for childhood leukaemia C an urgent and tough task to be accomplished D less than one third of the minimum E an expensive cost to be paid F to afford the cost of bone marrow transplantation 27 It seems that many of the recipients are not rich en
28、ough _. 28 At present the number of bone marrow donors in mainland China is _. 29 Some solvents and building materials are considered _. 30 Obviously, recruiting voluntary bone marrow donors in mainland China is _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 Cigars Instead
29、? Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study. Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold, say researchers at t
30、he National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers. The health effects of smoking ci
31、gars is one of eight sections of the article “Cigars: Health Effects and Trends“. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines. “This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbin
32、g increase in cigar use and the significant public health consequences for the country,“ said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement. “The data are clear the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased
33、 risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases,“ he added. “In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive.“ “To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advice is dont. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is
34、the only way to eliminate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks,“ warned Klausner. According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there havent been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but “. a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrate
35、s an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke.“ 31 According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day （ A） increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers. （ B） greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers. （ C） increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.
36、（ D） greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers. 32 In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily? （ A） Six. （ B） Seven. （ C） Eight. （ D） Nine. 33 What is the main idea of the article “Cigars: Health Effects and Trends“? （ A） When it comes to c
37、ancer, cigars are not any safer than cigarettes. （ B） Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so. （ C） Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes. （ D） Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much. 34 What is the doctors advice to those cigar-smokers? （ A）
38、 To give it up completely. （ B） To give up part of it. （ C） Not to think about it any more. （ D） To cure the diseases first. 35 In the context of this passage, “secondhand smoke“ means （ A） smoking bad-quality cigars. （ B） smoking very cheap cigars. （ C） being near cigar smokers when they are not sm
39、oking. （ D） being near cigar smokers when they are smoking. 36 Sleeplessness Insomnia or sleeplessness is a common complaint of women as they enter into menopause. Insomnia means having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep or the feeling that your sleep was not adequate for you. For women who ar
40、e having night sweats, their sleep is broken by frequent awakening and therefore not refreshing. Generally once the night sweats are controlled a normal sleep pattern returns. If it doesnt it may be, or have become chronic insomnia. How do you know? If you suffer from insomnia every night or most ni
41、ghts for a period of one month then you have chronic insomnia. If youre not having night sweats then its time to look for other causes of sleeplessness. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common causes of chronic insomnia. If you feel depressed you need to be checked by a qualified health
42、 care provider. Movement disorders such as restless leg syndrome are second on the list of insomnia for them; there are new medicines that may help. Other common causes are shift working, and pain. In up to 30% of people with chronic insomnia no cause can be identified. Medical treatment of these pe
43、ople has generally been with sleeping pills. It is estimated that 25% of the adult population in America took some type of medicines for sleep last year. It is generally agreed that sleeping pills should only be in the lowest dose and for the shortest possible time. Sleep hygiene is directed at chan
44、ging bad sleep habits. The recommendations are: Go to bed only when sleepy. Do not wait up to a specified time. Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evening, etc. 36 The word “insomnia“ in the first paragraph means （ A） having trouble falling or staying asleep. （ B） feeling that ones sleep is adequate
45、for him. （ C） having no sweats at night. （ D） having a normal sleep pattern. 37 How many possible causes of sleeplessness are mentioned in the second paragraph? （ A） Five. （ B） Six. （ C） Seven. （ D） Numerous. 38 The expression “second on the list“ in the second paragraph means （ A） the second least
46、important cause of sleeplessness. （ B） the second most important cause of sleeplessness. （ C） the second on the doctors list about sleepless people. （ D） the second on the writers list recording sleeplessness. 39 Concerning the use of sleeping pills, which of the following statements is true? （ A） M
47、ost adult Americans use sleeping pills for sleep. （ B） Doctors seldom give sleepless people sleeping pills. （ C） Sleeping pills should be used for a very fixed period. （ D） Sleeping pills should be used in a very small amount. 40 Which of the following does not fit with sleep hygiene? （ A） Making a
48、rule to go to bed at a specific time every day. （ B） Going to bed when sleepy, not always at the same time. （ C） Trying not to drink any caffeine and alcohol in the evening. （ D） Changing bad sleep habits and following doctors advice. 41 Common-cold Sense You cant beat it, but you dont have to join
49、it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because its more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold Viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults an average of
