1、职称英语（卫生类） A级模拟试卷 24及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age. （ A） competitive （ B） diligent （ C） qualified （ D） competent 2 1. She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb. （ A
2、） play （ B） send （ C） show （ D） tell 3 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management. （ A） evaluation （ B） production （ C） efficiency （ D） publicity 4 An oyster produces a pearl by coating a grain of sand inside its shell with nacre, a secretion of its body. （ A） makes （
3、B） attains （ C） binds （ D） cures 5 The polar regions are generally covered with ice and snow. （ A） areas （ B） rocks （ C） mountains （ D） seas 6 The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. （ A） different （ B） proud （ C） uncomfortable （ D） unconscious 7 I notified him that the
4、 meeting had been postponed. （ A） informed （ B） observed （ C） mocked （ D） misled 8 The most crucial problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources. （ A） puzzling （ B） difficult （ C） terrifying （ D） urgent 9 The town is notable for its beautiful scenery in winter. （ A） similar （
5、 B） prompt （ C） profound （ D） famous 10 John is eligible for this job. （ A） accepted （ B） qualified （ C） rejected （ D） recommended 11 A red flag was placed there as a token of danger. （ A） sign （ B） substitute （ C） proof （ D） target 12 An important part of the national government is the Foreign Serv
6、ice, a branch of the Department of State. （ A） a unity （ B） a division （ C） an embassy （ D） an invasion 13 The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man. （ A） left （ B） given up （ C） turned down （ D） refused 14 She bumped into her boyfriend in town this morning. （ A） walked （ B） came （ C
7、） fled （ D） ran 15 At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris. （ A） energetic （ B） happy （ C） alone （ D） busy 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断： 如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 An Observation and an Explanation It is worth looking a
8、t one or two aspects of the way a mother behaves towards her baby. The usual fondling, cuddling and cleaning require little comment, but the position in which she holds the baby against her body when resting is rather revealing. Careful studies have shown the fact that 80 percent of mothers hold the
9、ir infants in their left arms, holding them against the left side of their bodies. If asked to explain the significance of this preference most people reply that it is obviously the result of the predominance of right-handedness in the population. By holding the babies in their left arms, the mother
10、s keep their dominant arm free for manipulations. But a detailed analysis shows that this is not the case. True, there is a slight difference between right-handed and left-handed females; but not enough to provide adequate explanation. It emerges that 83 percent of right-handed mothers hold the baby
11、 on the left side, but so do 78 percent of left-handed mothers. In other words, only 22 percent of the left-handed mothers have their dominant hands free for actions. Clearly there must be some other, less obvious explanation. The only other clue comes from the fact that the heart is on the side of
12、the mothers body. Could it be that the sound of her heartbeat is the vital factor? And in what way? Thinking along these lines it was argued that perhaps during its existence inside the body of the mother the unborn baby get used to the sound of the heart beat. If this is so, then the re-discovery o
13、f this familiar sound after birth might have a claiming effect on the infant, especially as it has just been born into a strange and frighteningly new world. If this is so then the mother would, somehow, soon arrive at the discovery that her baby is more at peace if held on the left against her hear
14、t than on the right. 16 We can learn a lot by observing the position in which a mother holds her baby against her body. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Most left-handed women feel comfortable by holding their babies in their left arm and keep the right arm free. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C
15、） Not mentioned 18 The number of right-handed mothers who hold the baby on the left side exceeds that of left- handed ones by 22%. （ A） Righ （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The fact that most left-handed mothers hold the baby on their left side renders the first explanation unsustainable. （ A） Righ
16、t （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The fact that the heart is on the left side of the mothers body provides the most convincing explanation of all. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 A baby held in the right arm of its mother can be easily frightened. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentione
17、d 22 The writers explanation of the phenomenon is supported by the fact that babies tend to be more peaceful if held in their mothers left arms than in the right arms. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文 后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳
18、标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Paris 1 Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nations population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments hav
19、e historically favored the city as the site for all decision making, thus powerfully attracting nearly all of the nations activities. 2 Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolutions great number of p
20、eople moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived. 3 The city is the centralized control point of most national rad
21、io and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louvre, opened as a museum
22、 in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world. 4 In the late 1980s about 4. 1 million pupils annually attended about 47, 000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5. 4 million students attended some 11, 200 secondary schools. Approximately 1. 2 million students were enrolled annually at univ
23、ersities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models throughout the world. 5 Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nations manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goo
24、ds have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern, high-technology industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment. A History of the city B Industries of the city C Po
25、pulation growth D Education E Cultural center F Immigration 23 Paragraph _ 24 Paragraph _ 25 Paragraph _ 26 Paragraph _ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 26 Eat to Live A meager(不足的 )diet may give you health and long life, but its not much fun and it might not even
26、be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age. Stephen Spindler and his colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mous
27、e was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation(恢复活力 )wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, but could help its liver metabolize(新陈代谢 )drugs or get rid of toxins(毒素 ). Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another
28、 three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the normal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old equivalent to about 70 human years. The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice
29、. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production(自由基 ) probably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all their lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only starte
30、d dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes. “This is the first indication that thee effects kick in pretty quickly,“ says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington,D.C. No one yet knows if calorie works in people as it does in mice, bus Spindle
31、r is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,“ he says. If it does work in people, there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says
32、Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective. But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off(交换 )is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live longer but theyre hungry,“ he says. “Even seeing what a diet does, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: “I can only eat half of that.“ Spin
33、dler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restriction. 27 According to the passage, which of the following is true? （ A） Eating less than usual might make us live longer. （ B） We dont need to go o
34、n a diet. （ C） A meager diet may be fun. （ D） We have to begin dieting from childhood. 28 How many mice were compared in Spindlers experiment in one group? （ A） 3 （ B） 6 （ C） 9. （ D） 12 29 What can be inferred about the experiment? （ A） Completely normally fed mice will not experience free radical p
35、roduction. （ B） Mice dieting in old age are not prone to diseases. （ C） Mice dieting all their lives live longer. （ D） Dieting doesnt play any role in slowing down aging. 30 The researchers studied the mice. （ A） to tell us how mices liver genes behave. （ B） to encourage people to diet to be healthy
36、. （ C） to try to make it work in people. （ D） to describe the influence of old age on mice. 31 According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that （ A） dieting is not a good method to give us health and a long life. （ B） seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal. （ C） ca
37、lorie restriction is very important to young people. （ D） drugs do not have the effects of calorie restriction. 31 Prolonging Human Life Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years
38、 ago, Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an in- crease in birthrates, that has 1ed to the population explosion. Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency (依赖 ) load. In all societies, people who
39、 are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent of the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine (饥荒 ), infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their p
40、arents starved (使挨饿 ), whereas if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to wo
41、rks we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States, many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty.
42、 Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged (中年 ) peoples unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare (福利 )“ if they have a serious illness. When older people become senile or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave prob
43、lems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes an
44、d convalescent hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping grounds“ for the dying in which “care“ is given by poorly paid, ove
45、rworked, and under skilled personnel. 32 36. The writer believes that the population explosion results from （ A） an increase in birthrates. （ B） the industrial development. （ C） a decrease in death rates. （ D） cultural advances. 33 37. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gatherin
46、g cultures （ A） it was a moral responsibility to keep old-aged people alive. （ B） infants could be left dead in times of starvation. （ C） parents had to impart the cultural wisdom of the tribe to their children. （ D） death was considered to be freedom from hardships. 34 38. According to the passage,
47、 which of the following statements about retired people in the United States is true （ A） Many of them have a very hard life. （ B） They cannot live a decent life without enough bank savings. （ C） They rely mainly on their children for financial support. （ D） Most of them live with their children and
48、 therefore are well looked after. 35 39. In Paragraph 3, the phrase “this need“ refers to （ A） the need to prolong the lives of old people. （ B） the need to enrich the life of the retired people. （ C） the need to build profit-making nursing homes. （ D） the need to take care of sick and weak people.
49、36 40. Which of the following best describes the writers attitude toward most of the nursing homes, and convalescent hospitals? （ A） Sympathetic. （ B） Unfriendly. （ C） Optimistic. （ D） Critical. 37 Many Older Doctors Plan to Phase out Their Practice The results of a new survey indicate that 48 percent of physicians between 50 and 65 years of age are planning to reduce or end their clinical practice in the next 1 to 3 years. The findings also sug
