1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 30及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Before the Civil War, Frederick Douglass editorials for the North Star urged respect for the rights of all people. （ A） advocated （ B） created （ C） foresaw （ D） granted 2 Numerous parallels ex
2、ist between Ernest Hemingways life and the lives of his characters. （ A） studies （ B） problems （ C） similarities （ D） biases 3 There are fossil remains of dinosaurs in the rocky strata of every continent. （ A） layers （ B） areas （ C） peaks （ D） canyons 4 Although a herd of African elephants may have
3、up to one thousand members, Asiatic elephants live in bands of five to sixty animals. （ A） as many as （ B） more than （ C） fewer than （ D） at least 5 Jumping spiders have excellent eyesight and can see their prey from a distance twenty times their own length. （ A） victim （ B） target （ C） nest （ D） pr
4、ize 6 The department chairman refused to authorize the requisition. （ A） request （ B） transfer （ C） grant （ D） project 7 Machine tools vary in size from handheld devices used for drilling and grinding to large stationary machines that perform a number of different operations. （ A） exist （ B） expand
5、（ C） compare （ D） range 8 Your plan will call for a lot of money. （ A） acquire （ B） require （ C） remind （ D） degrade 9 Even with detailed knowledge about an area, geologists cannot easily locate stores of underground natural gas. （ A） varieties （ B） maps （ C） supplies （ D） shops 10 Pearl fishing, or
6、 the search for pearl- bearing oysters, takes place in shallow waters. （ A） is taught （ B） occurs （ C） is prohibited （ D） starts 11 Some abnormal human behavior may be caused by eating substances that upset delicate chemical balances in the brain, （ A） nourish （ B） favor （ C） prevent （ D） disturb 12
7、 The boats of the earliest voyagers to the North American continent were exceptionally well built. （ A） shoes （ B） plows （ C） barns （ D） ships 13 Good health is a familys most valued possession. （ A） noticeable （ B） useful （ C） costly （ D） precious 14 Penicillin was discovered by chance in 1928. （ A
8、） finally （ B） accidentally （ C） experimentally （ D） opportunely 15 The concert was called off due to the storm. （ A） recommended （ B） demanded （ C） amended （ D） cancelled 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 En
9、gineering Ethics Engineering ethics is attracting increasing interest in engineering universities throughout the nation, at Texas A&M University, evidence of this interest in professional ethics culminated in the creation of a new course in engineering ethics, as well as a project funded by the Nati
10、onal Science Foundation to develop material for introducing ethical issues into required undergraduate engineering courses. A small group of faculty and administrators actively supported the growing effort at Texas A&M, yet this group must now expand to meet the needs of increasing numbers of studen
11、ts wishing to learn more about the value implications of their actions as professional engineers. The increasing concern for the value dimension of engineering is, at least in part, a result of the attention that the media has given to cases such as the Challenger disaster, the Kansas City Hyatt-Reg
12、ency Hotel walkways collapse, and the Exxon oil spill. As a response to this concern, a new discipline, engineering ethics, is emerging. This discipline will doubtless take its place alongside such well-established fields as medical ethics, business ethics, and legal ethics. The problem presented by
13、 this development is that most engineering professors are not prepared to introduce literature in engineering ethics into their classrooms. They are most comfortable with quantitative concepts and often do not believe they are qualified to lead class discussions on ethics. Many engineering faculty m
14、embers do not think that they have the time in an already overcrowded syllabus to introduce discussions on professional ethics, or the time in their own schedules to prepare the necessary material. Hopefully, the resources presented herein will be of assistance. 16 Engineering ethics a compulsory in
15、 every institute of science and technology in the United States. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The number of students wishing to take the course of engineering ethics is declining at Texas A&M University. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The National Science Foundation invol
16、ves itself directly in writing up material about ethical issues. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 It seems that medical ethics and business ethics are more mature than engineering ethics. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Several engineering professors have quit from teaching to
17、 protest against the creation of a few course in engineering ethics. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Many engineering professors may not have time to prepare material for class discussion on professional ethics. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 It is likely that following this
18、 introductory passage, the author will provide the necessary material related to the topic of engineering ethics. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Air Transp
19、ortation 1 Airplanes are used to carry passengers, cargo and mail. Air transport companies operate scheduled airlines and non-scheduled services over local, regional, national, and international routes. The aircraft operated by these companies range from small single-engine planes to large multiengi
20、ne jet transports. 2 The first air passenger services began in 1910, when dirigibles began operation between several German cities. The first scheduled airplane service to carry passengers began in the U. S. in 1914. Several experimental airmail flights took place in India. Europe, and the United St
21、ates before World War I, but air transport services did not become a true business until after the war. 3 During World War Two, intercontinental air transport became firmly established. After the war the new long-distance transports with advanced facilities were increasingly able to avoid storms and
22、 strong wind and make flights more economical and consistent. A new generation of “jumbo-jet“ transports began operations in 1970, and the supersonic transport entered passenger service in 1976. 4 During the 1970s the number of domestic passengers on U. S. airlines increased about 78%, and during th
23、e 1980s the figure was up about 58%. In 1990 there were 41. 8 million international passengers, the figure was a 75% increase over 1980. The total cargo flown by U. S. airlines almost doubled during the 1980s, from 5. 7 billion to 10. 6 billion ton-miles in 1990. 5 Major airports provide a wide rang
24、e of facilities for the convenience of millions of travellers. These range from such basic services as ticket-sales counters and restaurants to luxury hotels, shopping centres and play areas for children. International airports must also have customs areas and currency-exchange counters and so on. A
25、 Airport services B Training of pilots C Beginning period D Rapid growth in the U. S. E Development F Competition 23 Paragraph _ 24 Paragraph _ 25 Paragraph _ 26 Paragraph _ 26 A in the development of air transportation B the earliest passenger flights were successfully operated C to make travel eas
26、y and pleasant for the passengers D to provide different services E the shortage of qualified pilots F travelling by air was very cheap 27 Air transport companies use different planes_. 28 The United States was the country where_. 29 The forty years from the 1930s to the 1970s was an important perio
27、d _ 30 Nowadays airports provide all kinds of services_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Late-night Drinking Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick “pick-me-up“ cup of coffeel late in the day will play-havoc with your sleep. As well as being a stimulant, caffeine
28、 interrupts the flow of melatonin, the brain hormone that sends people into a sleep. Melatonin levels normally start to rise about two hours before bedtime. Levels then peak between 2 a. m. and 4 a. m. , before falling again. “Its the neurohormone that controls our sleep and tells our body when to s
29、leep and when to wake, “ says Maurice Ohayon of the Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center at Stanford University in California. But researchers in Israel have found that caffeinated coffee halves the bodys levels of this sleep hormone. Lotan Shilo and a team at the Sapir Medical Center in Tel
30、Aviv University found that six volunteers slept less well after a cup of caffeinated coffee than after drinking the same amount of decaf. On average, subjects slept 336 minutes per night after drinking caffeinated coffee, compared with 415 minutes after decaf. They also took half an hour to drop off
31、-twice as long as usual-and jigged around in bed twice as much. In the second phase of the experiment, the researchers woke the volunteers every three hours and asked them to give a urine sample. Shilo measured concentrations of a breakdown product of melatonin. The results suggest that melatonin co
32、ncentrations in caffeine drinkers were half those in decaf drinkers. In a paper accepted for publication in Sleep Medicine, the researchers suggest that caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that drives melatonin production. Because it can take many hours to eliminate caffeine from the body, Ohay
33、on recommends that coffee lovers switch to decaf after lunch. 31 The author mentions “pick-me-up“ to indicate that_. （ A） melatonin levels need to be raised （ B） neurohormone can wake us up （ C） coffee is a stimulant （ D） decaf is a caffeinated coffee 32 Which of the following tells us how caffeine
34、affects sleep? _ （ A） Caffeine blocks production of the enzyme that stops melatonin production. （ B） Caffeine interrupts the flow of the hormone that prevents people from sleeping. （ C） Caffeine halves the bodys levels of sleep hormone. （ D） Caffeine stays in the body for many hours. 33 What does pa
35、ragraph mainly discuss? _ （ A） Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep. （ B） Different findings of Lotan Shilo and a team about caffeine. （ C） The fact that the subjects slept 415 minutes per night after drinking decaf. （ D） The evidence that the subjects took half an hour to fall
36、 asleep. 34 What does the experiment mentioned in paragraph prove? _ （ A） There are more enzymes in decaf drinkers urine sample. （ B） There are more melatonin concentrations in caffeine drinkers urine sample. （ C） Decaf drinkers produce less melatonin. （ D） Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormo
37、ne. 35 The author of this passage probably agrees that_. （ A） coffee lovers sleep less than those who do not drink coffee （ B） we should not drink coffee after supper （ C） people sleep more soundly at midnight than at 3 a. m. （ D） if we feel sleepy at night, we should go to bed immediately 35 Sleep
38、Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences further support the theory that the brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzzs. Gyorgy Buzsaki of
39、 Rutgers university and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from the somatosensory neocortex (an area that processes sensory information) and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The s
40、cientists found that oscillation in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles ( bursts of activity from the neocortex) were followed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two
41、brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-associated memory decline to high glucose levels. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased me
42、mory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall
43、tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the bodys tissues. Subjects with the poorest memory recollection, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus sh
44、rinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. “Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age. “ Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated probl
45、ems in cognition“ Exercise and weight control can help keep glucose levels in check, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym. 36 Which of the following statements is nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file“? _ （ A） Does brain have memories when one is sleeping? （ B）
46、Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? （ C） Does brain work on files in sleep? （ D） Does brain remember files after one falls asleep? 37 What is the result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University? （ A） Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus
47、. （ B） The electrical activity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex. （ C） Somatosensory neocortex plays a primary role in memory consolidation. （ D） Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation. 38 What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is i
48、ndicated by a research mentioned in paragraph 4? _ （ A） People with good memory have low glucose tolerance. （ B） People with poor memory have high glucose tolerance. （ C） The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance. （ D） Memory level has nothing to do with glucose tolerance. 39 In what way i
49、s memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? _ （ A） The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer ones memory. （ B） There is no relation between memory and hippocampus shrinkage. （ C） The less hippocampus shrinks, the poorer ones memory. （ D） The more hippocampus shrinks, the better ones memory. 40 According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym? （ A） To prevent hippocampus shrinkage. （ B） To control weight. （ C） T
