1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 40及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The company s exports have been increasing steadily. （ A） continuously （ B） quickly （ C） excessively （ D） exceptionally 2 Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches. （ A） disru
2、pt （ B） diagnose （ C） evaporate （ D） cure 3 The history of the exploration of Antarctica recounts many tales of perseverance and suffering. （ A） endurance （ B） skill （ C） generosity （ D） disturbance 4 The terrorists have chosen to play a deadly game with the civilian population. （ A） contagious （ B）
3、 serious （ C） fatal （ D） worrying 5 Numerous parallels exist between Ernest Hemingway s life and the lives of his characters. （ A） studies （ B） problems （ C） similarities （ D） biases 6 The old car jolted along the country road at a snail s pace. （ A） rode （ B） dawdled （ C） honked （ D） bounced 7 They
4、 thought his behavior was abnormal. （ A） bad （ B） frightening （ C） repeated （ D） unusual 8 Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process. （ A） step up （ B） decrease （ C） stop （ D） control 9 Helen Kellers achievements as an author and lecturer were an inspiration to millions. （ A） editor （ B）
5、 director （ C） correspondent （ D） speaker 10 He has exhibited symptoms of anxiety and overwhelming worry. （ A） spread （ B） opened （ C） showed （ D） examined 11 Growing levels of pollution represent a serious health hazard to the local population. （ A） protection （ B） indication （ C） immunity （ D） dan
6、ger 12 A seed planted in the sensitive lining of an oyster begins a perpetual coating process that forms a pearl. （ A） total （ B） annual （ C） continual （ D） habitual 13 Now a special TV network gives live coverage of most matches of Olympic Games. （ A） baggage （ B） orphanage （ C） reportage （ D） usag
7、e 14 There is still an immense amount of work to be done. （ A） much （ B） enormous （ C） little （ D） extensive 15 Maine is justly famous for its beautiful lakes and ponds. （ A） only （ B） rightfully （ C） legally （ D） simply 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选
8、择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay Staying positive through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings suggest. In an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus, researchers found that p
9、eople with a generally sunny disposition were less likely to fall ill. The findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a “ positive emotional style“ can help ward off the common cold and other illnesses. Researchers believe the reasons may be both objective as i
10、n happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat or runny nose. “ People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,“ explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pit
11、tsburgh. “And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe. Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to catching a cold, but some questions remained as to whether the emotional trait itself had the effect. Fo
12、r the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults complete standard measures of personality traits, self-perceived health and emotional “style“. Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easy-going were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense an
13、d hostile had a negative style. The researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu virus. Over the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus produ
14、ction. Cohen and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a cold. 16 People with a sunny disposition are immune to illness. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 According to Cohen s study, happier people are more easily to g
15、et a cold. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The reasons that happy people were less likely to develop a cold are based on subjective measure. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The researchers chose 193 adults who had a negative style for the study. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not
16、 mentioned 20 The study inferred that there s no relations between positive emotional style and getting cold. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Researchers believed that people who were happy, energetic and easy-going had stronger immune function. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 2
17、2 Cohen found that families had great influence on a person s emotional style. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Rainmaking 1 The idea of rainmaking is almost
18、 as old as man,but it was not until 1946 that man succeeded in making rain. In ancient times, rainmakers had claimed to bring rain by many methods; dancing, singing, killing animals(including humans). 2 For a long time, men have understood where rain comes from. Water from the surface of oceans and
19、lakes becomes part of the air, where it forms clouds from which rain falls. But exactly what starts the formation of raindrops was not known until quite recently. A man named John Aitken proved that drops of water gather around tiny bits of dust or other matter. The centers of the drops are so small
20、 that the human eye cannot see them. Without such centers, it seems raindrops do not form. 3 During World War II , Dr. Irving Langmir, and his assistant Schaefer, were hired by the General Electric Company to study how and why ice forms on the wings of airplanes. They went to a mountain in New Hamps
21、hire, where snowstorms are common and cold winds blow. They were surprised to find that often the temperature of the clouds surrounding them was far below the freezing point, and yet ice did not form in the clouds. 4 After the War, Schaefer experimented with a machine that created cold,moist air sim
22、ilar to the air found in clouds. To imitate the moist air of a cloud, Schaefer would breathe into the machine. Then he would drop into the freezer a bit of powder, sugar, or some other substance. For weeks and months he tried everything he could imagine. Nothing happened. No crystals of ice were for
23、med. None of the substances would serve as the center of a snow crystal or raindrops. 5 One July morning, Schaefer was dropping in bits of various substances and watching the unsuccessful results. Finally, a friend suggested that they go to eat lunch and Schaefer went with him. As usual, he left the
24、 cover of the freezer up, since cold air sinks and would not escape from the box. 6 Returning from lunch, Schaefer found that the temperature of the freezer had risen to a point higher than that required for ice crystals to remain solid. There were two choices now. He could close the cover and wait
25、for the freezer itself to lower the air temperature, or he could make the process occur faster by adding dry ice a gas in solid form that is very,very cold. He chose the latter plan. As he dropped the steaming white dry ice into the freezer, he happened to breathe out a large amount of air. And ther
26、e, before his eyes, it happened! He had made ice crystals, not by adding centers to the moisture, but by cooling the breath so much that the liquid had to form crystals! Then he began to blow his breath into the freezer and drop large pieces of dry ice through it to create crystals which became a ti
27、ny snowstorm falling slowly to the floor of his laboratory. 7 After planning carefully, Schaefer made an experiment by dropping dry ice from his plane to the clouds below him. As was expected, snow formed and fell from the bottom of the cloud. Schaefer succeeded. He made history. A. Langmir and Scha
28、efer s Work for the GE Company B. Langmir and Schaefer s Discovery of Rain-forming C. Men s Knowledge of Rain-forming D. Schaefer s Several Unsuccessful Experiments E. Schaefer s Discovery by Accident F. Langmir and Schaefer s Successful Cooperation 23 Paragraph 2 24 Paragraph 3 25 Paragraph 4 26 Pa
29、ragraph 6 26 A. imaginatively B. recently C. carefully D. unscientifically E. accidentally F. satisfactorily 27 In ancient times,rainmakers tried to make rain for dry lands, but_ 28 Schaefer found a way of how to make ice crystals_. 29 Schaefer successfully made a field experiment on rainmaking afte
30、r planning 30 Man did not succeed in making rain until quite_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories To sleep. Perchance to file? Findings published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science further support
31、the theory that brain organizes and stows memories formed during the day while the rest of the body is catching zzz s. Gyorgy Buzsaki of Rutgers University and his colleagues analyzed the brain waves of sleeping rats and mice. Specifically, they examined the electrical activity emanating from the so
32、matosensory neocortex(an area that processes sensory information)and the hippocampus, which is a center for learning and memory. The scientists found that oscillations in brain waves from the two regions appear to be intertwined. So-called sleep spindles(bursts of activity from the neocortex)were fo
33、llowed tens of milliseconds later by beats in the hippocampus known as ripples. The team posits that this interplay between the two brain regions is a key step in memory consolidation. A second study, also published online this week by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, links age-a
34、ssociated memory decline to high glucose level. Previous research had shown that individuals with diabetes suffer from increased memory problems. In the new work, Antonio Convit of New York University School of Medicine and his collaborators studied 30 people whose average age was 69 to investigate
35、whether sugar levels, which tend to increase with age, affect memory in healthy people as well. The scientists administered recall tests, brain scans and glucose tolerance tests, which measure how quickly sugar is absorbed from the blood by the body s issues. Subjects with the poorest memory recolle
36、ction, the team discovered, also displayed the poorest glucose tolerance. In addition, their brain scans showed more hippocampus shrinkage than those of subjects better able to absorb blood sugar. “Our study suggests that this impairment may contribute to the memory deficits that occur as people age
37、,“ Convit says. “And it raises the intriguing possibility that improving glucose tolerance could reverse some age-associated problems in cognition. “ Exercise and weights control can help keep glucose level in check, so there may be one more reason to go to the gym. 31 Which of the following stateme
38、nts is the nearest in meaning to the sentence “To sleep. Perchance to file?“ （ A） Does brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? （ B） Does brain have memories when one is sleeping? （ C） Does brain remember files after one falls asleep? （ D） Does brain work on files in sleep? 32 What is th
39、e result of the experiment with rats and mice carried out at Rutgers University? （ A） The electrical activity is emanating from the somatosensory neocortex. （ B） Oscillations in brain waves are from hippocampus. （ C） Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation. （ D）
40、 Somatosensory neocortex plays a primary role in memory consolidation. 33 What is the relation of memory to glucose tolerance, as is indicated by a research mentioned in Paragraph 4? （ A） People with poor memory have high glucose tolerance. （ B） People with good memory have low glucose tolerance. （
41、C） Memory level has nothing to do with glucose tolerance. （ D） The poorer the memory, the poorer the glucose tolerance. 34 In what way is memory related to hippocampus shrinkage? （ A） There is no relation between memory and hippocampus shrinkage. （ B） The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one s m
42、emory. （ C） The more hippocampus shrinks, the better one s memory. （ D） The less hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one s memory. 35 According to the last paragraph, what is the ultimate reason for going to the gym? （ A） To prevent hippocampus shrinkage. （ B） To control weight. （ C） To exercise. （ D） T
43、o control glucose levels. 35 Need for Emphasis on Treatment AIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people. An estimated 36 million to 46 m
44、illion people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report. “ Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,“ the W
45、HO said in the 169-page World Health Report. WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs. “Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,“ Lee said. “By tack
46、ling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss, “ he added. Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $10,000 w
47、hen the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $150. Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available. Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are u
48、ninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said. Since its discovery in the 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries. 36 Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries? （ A） They put too little
49、 emphasis on treatment. （ B） They are not receiving any treatment. （ C） They refuse to be treated. （ D） They live longer than those in developed countries. 37 The WHO publishes its World Health Report_. （ A） once every two years （ B） once a decade （ C） once a year （ D） twice a year 38 According to Lee,our response to the AIDS disease is_. （ A） a matter of great significance （ B） a matter of little significance （ C） overemphasized （ D） timely 39 AIDS treatment programs may also result in_.
