1、职称英语（卫生类） B级模拟试卷 41及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Most people favored the plan. （ A） agreed （ B） opposed （ C） liked （ D） voted 2 This kind of animals are on the verge of extinction, because so many are being killed for their fur. （ A） drying
2、up （ B） dying out （ C） being exported （ D） being transplanted 3 I can no longer put up with his rudeness. （ A） tolerate （ B） accept （ C） take （ D） suffer from 4 Everyone said he was a decent sort of guy. （ A） honest （ B） rich （ C） good-looking （ D） high-ranking 5 Her sister urged her to apply for th
3、e job. （ A） advised （ B） caused （ C） forced （ D） promised 6 The food is inadequate for ten people. （ A） demanded （ B） qualified （ C） insufficient （ D） required 7 Virtually all the children come to school by bus. （ A） Actually （ B） Really （ C） Certainly （ D） Almost 8 While we dont agree,we continue t
4、o be friends. （ A） Whoever （ B） Where （ C） Although （ D） criticized 9 They attempted to finish the task before July. （ A） tried （ B） aimed （ C） agreed （ D） promised 10 However bad the situation is,the majority is unwilling to risk change. （ A） eager （ B） reluctant （ C） pleased （ D） angry 11 Even in
5、a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. （ A） physical （ B） mental （ C） natural （ D） hard 12 An immense cloud of smoke came out of the house. （ A） much （ B） enormous （ C） little （ D） extensive 13 Keep your room tidy. （ A） messy （ B） organized （ C） beautiful （ D） neat 14 She cried al
6、oud all at once. （ A） for a long time （ B） suddenly （ C） for no reason （ D） quickly 15 If I made a mistake,I will try to remedy it. （ A） clarify （ B） diagnose （ C） evaporate （ D） correct 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有
7、提及，请选择 C。 15 Interview The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist are reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting handbook
8、s and reporting texts, stress the “how to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and, implications. Much of the “how to“ material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fields, m
9、uch can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed. There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant atte
10、ntion has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the interview
11、as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modern Western societies are more familiar, at least in
12、a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than with any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in getti
13、ng information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the journa
14、listic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, true understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interview, requires thoughtful analysis and even study, as this book indicates. 16 The main idea of the first paragraph is that importance shou
15、ld be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Much research has been done on interviews in general, so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Westerners a
16、re familiar with the journalistic interview, but most of them may not have been interviewed in person. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The patient is the interviewee in a clinical interview. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The passage is most like a part of a journalistic int
17、erview. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 We should pay attention to the interview in a clinical interview. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The television interviews dont require thoughtful analysis. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下
18、面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Pregnant Women Warned About ACE Inhibitor Some of the most commonly used medicines for high blood pressure are drugs called ACE inhibitors. Doctors have given these drugs to patients for twenty-five yea
19、rs. A government study in the United States found that the use almost doubled between 1995 and 2000. Doctors have known for years that women should not take ACE inhibitors during the last six months of pregnancy. The medicine can injure the baby. ACE inhibitors, though, have been considered safe whe
20、n taken during the first three months. But a new study has found that women who take these drugs early in their pregnancy still increase the risk of birth disorders. The study shows that, compared to others, their babies were almost three times as likely to be born with major problems. These include
21、d problems with the formation of the brain and nervous system and holes in the heart. The researchers say they found no increased risk in women who took other blood pressure medicines during the first three months. Researchers at Vanderbilt University in Tennessee and Boston University did the study
22、. The New England Journal of Medicine published the results. The researchers studied the records of almost thirty thousand births between 1985 and 2000. Two hundred nine babies were born to women who took ACE inhibitors during the first three months of their pregnancies. Eighteen of the babies, or a
23、lmost nine percent, had major disorders. ACE inhibitors are often given to patients with diabetes. But diabetes during pregnancy can result in birth defects. So the study did not include any women known to be diabetic. ACE inhibitors suppress a protein called angiotensin-converting enzyme or ACE. Th
24、is enzyme produces a chemical in the body that makes blood passages narrow. The drugs increase the flow of blood so pressure is reduced. New drugs are tested on pregnant animals to see if they might cause birth defects in humans. But experts say these tests are not always dependable. The United Stat
25、es Food and Drug Administration helped pay for the study. The F. D. A. says women who might become pregnant should talk with their doctor about other ways to treat high blood pressure. A Effects of ACE and ACE Inhibitors B Wide Use of ACE Inhibitors C How to Deal with High Blood Pressure in Pregnant
26、 Women D Damage to Pregnant Womens Future Babies E Suggestions on Stopping the Use of ACE Inhibitors F Relative Safety for Women During the First Three Months of Pregnancies 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Paragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A that may cause our blood vessels to become more and more
27、narrow B for pregnant women to take during their last six months of pregnancies C that their likelihood to suffer major problems is two times higher than other babies D with their doctors about how to treat their problems E because diabetes during pregnancy may sometimes lead to birth defects F thou
28、gh their mothers took ACE inhibitors during their first three months of pregnancies 27 FDA suggests that pregnant women with high blood pressure should consult_. 28 ACE inhibitors are not recommended_. 29 Evidence showed only a small percentage of babies suffered major disorders_. 30 ACE is a risk f
29、actor to our body_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth of cancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008 winners are
30、presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements. Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American Carol Greider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme research and experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel. Only seven women hav
31、e won the medicine prize since the first Nobel Prizes were handed out in 1901. The last female winner was U. S. researcher Linda Buck in 2004,who shared the prize with Richard Axel. Among the pairs possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre Chambon and Americans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened
32、up the field of studying proteins called nuclear hormone receptors. As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in the running before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholms Karolinska Institute. Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established the priz
33、es in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968 creation of Swedens central bank. Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicine winners are typically awarded for a specific breakthr
34、ough rather than a body of research. Hans Jornvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10 million kronor(US $ 1.3 million)prize encourages groundbreaking research but he did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists. “Individual researchers probably dont look at thems
35、elves as potential Nobel Prize winners when theyre at work,“ Jornvall told The Associated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and their interest in how life functions. In 2006 , Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco, and Greider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltim
36、ore, shared the Lasker prize for basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Their work set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase to sustain their uncontrolled growth. 31 Who is NOT a likely candidate for this years Nobel Prize in medicine? （ A） P
37、ierre Chambon. （ B） Linda Buck. （ C） Carol Greider. （ D） Elizabeth Blackburn. 32 Which is NOT true of Alfred Nobel? （ A） He was from Sweden. （ B） He was the inventor of dynamite. （ C） He established the prizes in his will. （ D） He gave clear instructions on how to select winners. 33 Which was NOT or
38、iginally one of the Nobel Prizes? （ A） The medicine prize. （ B） The literature prize. （ C） The peace prize. （ D） The economics prize. 34 The word“kicks“ in line 6 from the bottom probably means_. （ A） knowledge （ B） motivation （ C） income （ D） excitement 35 The research by Blackburn and Greider help
39、s suggest the role of_. （ A） money in medical research. （ B） proteins in cancer treatment. （ C） hormones in the functioning of life. （ D） telomerase in the growth of cancer cells. 35 Study Says Dogs Can Smell Cancer Dogs are known for their sense of smell. They can find missing people and things lik
40、e bombs and illegal drugs. Now a study suggests that the animal known as mans best friend can even find bladder(膀胱 )cancer. Cancer cells are thought to produce chemicals with unusual odors(气味 ). Researchers think dogs have the ability to smell these odors,even in very small amounts,in urine(尿 ). The
41、 sense of smell in dogs is thousands of times better than in humans. The study follows reports of cases where, for example, a dog showed great interest in a growth on the leg of its owner. The mole(痣 )was later found to be skin cancer. Carolyn Willis led a team of researchers at Amersham Hospital in
42、 England. They trained different kinds of dogs for the experiment. The study involved urine collected from bladder cancer patients, from people with other diseases and from healthy people. Each dog was tested eight times. In each test there were seven samples for the dogs to smell. The dog was suppo
43、sed to signal the one from a bladder cancer patient by lying down next to it. Two cocker spaniels(短腿长毛垂耳小猎犬 )were correct fifty-six percent of the time. But the scientists reported an average success rate of forty-one percent. As a group, the study found that the dogs chose the correct sample twenty
44、-two out of fifty-four times. That is almost three times more often than would be expected by chance alone. The British Medical Journal published the research. In all, thirty-six bladder cancer patients and one hundred and eight other people took part. During training,all the dogs reportedly even id
45、entified a cancer in a person who had tested healthy before the study. Doctors found a growth on the persons right kidney(肾 ). Bladder cancer is the ninth most common cancer worldwide. The International Agency for Research on Cancer says this disease kills more than one hundred thousand people each
46、year. Doctors say cigarette smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. 36 The experiment was conducted in a_. （ A） police station （ B） hospital （ C） training school （ D） private home 37 The dogs average success rate was_. （ A） 26% （ B） 22% （ C） 41% （ D） 56% 38 Participants in the experiment wer
47、e_. （ A） 36 bladder cancer patients （ B） 144 cancer patients （ C） 108 healthy people （ D） 144 sick and healthy people 39 The person who had tested healthy before the study_. （ A） dropped out （ B） passed away （ C） was found to have cancer （ D） was found to remain healthy 40 Which is NOT true of bladd
48、er cancer? （ A） It is the 9th most common cancer worldwide. （ B） It can be identified only by dogs. （ C） It kills more than 100,000 people each year. （ D） It is mainly caused by smoking. 40 New Foods and the New World In the last 500 years, nothing about people not their clothes, ideas, or languages
49、 has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500s. And although it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today. The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought
