1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 19及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The cheetah is considered the fastest of all land animals. （ A） regarded as （ B） substituted for （ C） compelled to be （ D） expected to he 2 Writing is a skill that requires consistent prac
2、tice. （ A） invariable （ B） orderly （ C） regular （ D） customary 3 Some birds consistently return to the same nesting area each spring. （ A） occasionally （ B） purposely （ C） regularly （ D） surprisingly 4 Cold air causes the arteries around the heart to constrict. （ A） become rigid （ B） contract （ C） c
3、lose （ D） die 5 Crayfish, small freshwater crustacean similar to lobsters, are consumed by inhabitants of the Mississippi River Basin. （ A） bred （ B） caught （ C） eaten （ D） supplied 6 Groundwater, a resource that exists everywhere beneath the Earths surface, is under increasing risk from contaminati
4、on and overuse. （ A） popularization （ B） contraction （ C） pollution （ D） industrialization 7 The ability to contemplate two contradictory thoughts at once is said to be a mark of genius. （ A） hypothetical （ B） profound （ C） opposing （ D） mathematical 8 What he said was contrariwise to what we expect
5、ed. （ A） ironic （ B） innate （ C） opposite （ D） circumspect 9 The graduate students will convene in the Student Union. （ A） converse （ B） meet （ C） summon （ D） raze 10 The new theory wascorroborated. （ A） confirmed （ B） bleached （ C） hurled （ D） refrained 11 Needlepoint has always been an elegant and
6、 costly form of embroidery. （ A） expensive （ B） beautiful （ C） popular （ D） complicated 12 Mary McCarthys satires are couched in a prose style that has a classic precision. （ A） fused （ B） prefaced （ C） standardized （ D） expressed 13 A person who deals with the public must be courteous at all times,
7、 even when he or she is very tired. （ A） forthright （ B） polite （ C） decisive （ D） neat 14 Photojournalist Margaret Bourke-White became famous for her coverage of significant events during the Second World War. （ A） usage （ B） camouflage （ C） collage （ D） reportage 15 Certain colors when incorporate
8、d into the decor of a room can produce a cozy atmosphere. （ A） light （ B） roomy （ C） cluttered （ D） comfortable 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 New Product Will Save Lives Drinking water that looks clean ma
9、y still contain bugs(虫子 ),which can cause illness. A small company called Genera Technologies has produced a testing method in three stages, which shows whether water is safe. The new test shows if water needs chemicals added to it, to destroy anything harmful. It was invented by scientist Dr. Adria
10、n Parton, who started Genera five years ago. He and his employees have developed the test together with a British water company. Andy Headland, Generas marketing director, recently presented the test at a conference in the USA and forecast good American sales for it. Genera has already sold 11 of it
11、s tests at $ 42,500 a time in the UK and has a further four on order. It expects to sell another 25 tests before the end of March. The company says it is the only test in the UK to be approved by the government. Genera was formed five years ago and until October last year had only five employees; it
12、 now employs 14. Mr. Headland believes that the company should make around $19 million by the end of the year in the UK alone. 16 Genera Technologies has developed a method that determines whether water is clean. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Before he set up Genera, Dr Parton had work
13、ed for a British water company. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The new product has been a commercial success in the USA （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Each of the tests costs $42,500. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Genera Technologies orders 25 more tests befor
14、e the end of the year. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The British government is helping Dr Patton to sell the tests abroad. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Genera has increased the number of its employees recently. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-
15、30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中 为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Screen Test Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer. If this happens early enough, the disease can often be treated successfully. Accor
16、ding to a survey Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50. But the medical benefits of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer. Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast
17、 tissue is denser. 3. Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics. After estimating the womens cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause. The math
18、ematical model recommended by Britains National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal. The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led to a lower figure of 20 ca
19、ncers. The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated. The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 eases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened. But t
20、hey point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation. The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimize the technique” for breast cance
21、r screening. “There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks,” admits Michael Clark of the NRPB. But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution. “On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there i
22、s a risk of causing one later in life. Thats why radiation exposure should be minimized in any screening programme.” 23 A. Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman B. Investing the Effect of Screening C. Effects Predicted by Two Different Models D. Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation E. Tr
23、eatment of Cancers F. Factors That Trigger Cancers 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 5 _ 27 A. be costly B. harmful C. save a life D. still open to debate E. reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer F. reduced to the minimum 27 Early discovery of breast cancer m
24、ay_. 28 Advantages of screening women under 50 are_. 29 Delaying the age at which screening starts may_. 30 Radiation exposure should be_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 The Now Rich and the Old Rich Though it is mere 1 to 3 percent of the population, the uppe
25、r class possesses at least 25 percent of the nations wealth. This class has two segments: upper-upper and lower-upper. Basically, the upper-upper class is the “old rich”families that have been wealthy for several generations and aristocracy of birth and wealth. Their names are in the Social Register
26、, a listing of acceptable members of high society. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockfellers, Roosevelts, and Vanderbilts. Most are not visible to the general public. They live in grand seclusion (深居简出 ), drawing their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. In contras
27、t, the lower upper class is the “new rich”. Although they may he wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have hustled(急于做 )to make their money like everybody else beneath their class. Thus their prestige is generally lower than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift
28、a finger to make their money, and who tend to look down upon the new rich. However its wealth is acquired, the upper class is very, very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to cultivate an interest in the arts and to collect rare books, painting, and sculpture. They generally live in exclu
29、sive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind all of which keeps them so distant from the masses that they have been called the out-of-sight class. They also command an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they hold many top
30、 government positions, run the Council on foreign relations, and control multinational corporations. Their actions affect the lives of millions. 31 All the following statements are true except that_. （ A） the upper-upper class is of aristocratic origin （ B） the “old rich” enjoy higher prestige than
31、the “new rich” （ C） the “old rich” isolate themselves and lead a lonely life （ D） the upper class owns at least a quarter of the countrys wealth 32 The “old rich” get richer_ （ A） through the Social Register （ B） through their reputation （ C） by investing their inherited wealth （ D） by collecting pa
32、intings and sculptures 33 The reason why the “old rich” look down upon the “new rich” is that_. （ A） the former are wealthier than the latter （ B） the latter sweat themselves to make money （ C） the “new rich” have no interest in arts （ D） the “old rich” are conscious of being members of the upper cl
33、ass 34 The upper class is also called the out-of-sight class because_. （ A） they keep away from the general public （ B） they spend most of their time abroad （ C） they move frequently from place to place （ D） they dont communicate with any people 35 We can learn from the passage that_. （ A） the upper
34、 class is powerful and influential （ B） the upper class collects rare books to make money （ C） the upper class holds all top government positions （ D） the “old rich” makes much more money than the “new rich” 35 Investment and Consumption Investment in the public sector, such as electricity, irrigati
35、on, public services and transport (excluding vehicles, ships and planes) increased by about 10%, although the emphasis moved to the transport and away from the other sectors mentioned. Trade and services recorded a 16% 17% investment growth, including a 30% increase in investment in business premise
36、s. Industrial investment is estimated to have risen by 8%. Although the share of agriculture in total gross investment in the economy continued to decline, investment grew by 9% in absolute equipment. Housing construction had 12% more invested in it in 1964, not so much owing to increased demand, as
37、 to fears of new taxes and limitation of building. Total consumption in real terms rose by close on 11% during 1964, and per capita personal consumption by under 7%, as in 1963. The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption, evident in previous years, remained unaltered. Since at current
38、 prices consumption rose by 16% and disposable income by 13%, there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy. Once again consumption patterns indicated a swift advance in the standard of living. Expenditure on food declined in significance, although consumption
39、 of fruit increased. Spending on furniture and household equipment, health, education and recreation continued to increase. The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport (including private cars) and personal services of all kinds, which occurred d
40、uring 1964. The progressive wealth of large sectors of the public was demonstrated by the changing composition of durable goods purchased. Saturation (饱和 ) point was rapidly being approached for items such as the first household radio, gas cookers, and electric refrigerators, whereas increasing purc
41、hases of automobiles and television sets were registered. 36 From this passage, we learn that people_. （ A） spent more money than they earned （ B） saved more money than previously （ C） invested and consumed at an accelerated pace （ D） spent their money wisely 37 The author thinks that the trend towa
42、rds a rapid rise in consumption was “undesirable” because_. （ A） expenditure on luxuries increased （ B） people were wealthy （ C） people consumed less （ D） people saved less 38 Expenditure increased on all the following EXCEPT_. （ A） food （ B） automobiles （ C） education （ D） entertainment 39 It can b
43、e inferred from the increase of fruit consumption that_. （ A） people had to spend more on transportation and furniture （ B） the price of fruit dropped dramatically （ C） people were more money conscious （ D） people were more healthy conscious 40 The word “registered” in the last line most probably me
44、ans_. （ A） marked （ B） approached （ C） listed （ D） booked 40 The Effects of Global Warming on Weather There are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms”. No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate. Heres one example: plants and animals adapt to climate chan
45、ge over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation (植物 ) may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75 kilometres a yearfaster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themse
46、lves in an unfamiliar environment will die. The 1000-kilometer-wide strip of forest running through Canada, the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing tons of CO2 and further boosting global warming. There are dozens of o
47、ther possible “feedback mechanism”. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others, like the “albedo” effect, will do the opposite. The “albedo” effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earths surface. As northern
48、ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes (戳 ) through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase. Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply make the proble
49、m worse. The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are. In developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels. Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 percent of all the worlds energy is consumed by a quarter of the worlds population. The average rich-world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2
