1、职称英语（理工类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 24及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The cylindrical shape of a cactus reduces moisture loss. （ A） lessens （ B） delays （ C） redistributes （ D） reverses 2 In temperate regions the growth rings on turtles epidermal plates refle
2、ct seasonal variations in growth. （ A） indicate （ B） stimulate （ C） include （ D） prevent 3 During the 1840s, Dorothea Dix was a leader in the movement for the reform of prison conditions. （ A） unification （ B） creation （ C） revival （ D） betterment 4 The polar regions are generally covered with ice a
3、nd snow. （ A） areas （ B） rocks （ C） mountains （ D） seas 5 Against the advice of his accountants, Henry Ford regularly reduced the price of his early automobiles. （ A） recklessly （ B） hesitantly （ C） greatly （ D） routinely 6 Proper exercise plays a significant role in the rehabilitation of patients w
4、ith various back ailments. （ A） operation （ B） recovery （ C） casting （ D） relaxation 7 It is not possible for people to remember everthing that they have thought. （ A） recall （ B） appreciate （ C） repeat （ D） discuss 8 A fossil is a remnant of a once-living organism. （ A） bone （ B） solvent （ C） pictu
5、re （ D） vestige 9 An expert in any field may be defined as a person who possesses specialized skills and is capable of renderingvery competent services. （ A） obtaining （ B） mastering （ C） providing （ D） financing 10 Among the men and women who reshaped the American working class during the early 190
6、0s, there were many who were not members of labor unions. （ A） challenged the rights of （ B） criticized the views of （ C） interviewed the leaders of （ D） changed the character of 11 Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies. （ A） lived （ B） died （ C） hun
7、ted （ D） fed 12 Over thirty cities around the world boast more than five million residents. （ A） jobs （ B） dwellings （ C） blocks （ D） inhabitants 13 By 1900, many municipalities had begun to restrict the use of automobiles in order to en- sure pedestrian safety. （ A） test （ B） limit （ C） standardize
8、 （ D） prohibit 14 High wages and restrictive work practices are said to have created new nonunion competition. （ A） inefficient （ B） recognized （ C） limiting （ D） dangerous 15 The most important result of the Lewis and Clark expedition was that it enabled the United States to claim the Oregon region
9、. （ A） regret （ B） problem （ C） outcome （ D） controversy 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Changes in Museums Museums have changed. They are no longer places that one “should” visit, they are places to enjoy
10、and learn. At a science museum in Ontario, Canada, you can feel your hair stand on end as harmless electricity passes through your body. At the Metropolitan (大城市的 ) Museum of Art in New York City, you can look at the seventeenth century instruments while listening to their music. At New Yorks Americ
11、an Museum of Natural History recently, you can help make a bone-by bone reproduction of the museums dinosaur(恐龙 ), a beast that lived 200 million years ago. More and more museum directors are realizing that people learn best when they can somehow become part of what they are seeing. In many science
12、museums, for example, there are no guided tours. The visitor is encouraged to touch, listen, operate, and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for himself. The purpose is not only to provide fun but also to help people feel at home in the world of science. The theory is that people who
13、 do not understand science will probably fear it, and those who fear science will not use it to best advantage. One cause of all these changes is the increase in wealth and leisure time. Another cause is the rising percentage of young people in the population. Many of these young people are college
14、students or college graduates. Leon F. Twiggs, a young black professor of art once said, “They see things in a new and different way. They are not satisfied to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate(参加 ) in.” The same is true of science and history. 16 When visiting museu
15、ms nowadays, people can take part in many activities. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 New Yorks American Museum of Natural History is opened recently. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 In science museums nowadays visitors are not allowed to touch or operate the objects on displ
16、ay. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 In science museums today, people no longer feel strange in the world of science but gain scientific knowledge by themselves. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 In America today, all science museums are open to the public and free. （ A） Right （
17、 B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 People can afford to got the modern museums since they have more time now. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Young people who are well-educated like the art they can participate in. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 )
18、 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 The Conquest of Distance In 1848, pioneers who crossed the American continent in their wagons made the trip in 109 days. Today a New York family can drive by automobile to San Francisco in less than a
19、 week or make the trip in several days by train, or fly there in five hours. The transportation has conquered the vastness of the land and brought together people living thousands of kilometers apart. Railroads played a major role in uniting the far reaches of the continent. In 1830 there were only
20、37 kilometers of railroad track in the United States. But by 1863, two companies proposed to connect the east and west coast by a railroad all the way across the continent. Advancing eastward from California, the Central Pacific pushed forward across the desert: the Union Pacific moved slowly westwa
21、rd over the mountain plateaus. Finally, in 1869, the tracks of the two railroads met, and the first transcontinental railroadthe first real link between east and westwas completed. Although the railroads brought towns and cities together, they could not go everywhere. In many parts of America, dista
22、nces are so great that automobiles are necessities, not luxuries. As we have noted, most American farmers do not live in villages but are sometimes kilometers from their nearest neighbor and even hundreds of kilometers from a town. Large-scale farming is common in many parts of the United States tod
23、ay, but it did not become profitable until there were trucks and tractors. Trucks and cars go wherever there is a road and the more than six million kilometers of roads bring every field and barn into the circle of civilization. The family automobile has helped to bring people of the United States t
24、wo other things two things which can seldom exist at the same time: community life and the privilege of privacy. In the early days of industrialization, factory workers lived close together, within walking distance of their jobs. As industries grew, more and more working class families lived togethe
25、r in crowded conditions. But with the construction of longer and better roads and with the greater availability of automobiles and other means of rapid transportation, it was no longer to live dose to the factory. New residential areas, suburbs, grew up outside the big cities and, increasingly, indu
26、stry and commerce concentrated in the cities. Every morning, millions of Americans dive their automobiles to work in the city, sometimes a distance of around 100 kilometers. At night they drive home to houses and apartments outside the cities, surrounded by trees and lawns. Automobiles and other met
27、hods of rapid transportation are also changing American industry. Instead of continuing to concentrate in the big cities, industry is building factories in previously undeveloped areas. Because the means of transportation are available, it is not hard to transport people as well as materials to the
28、places where they are needed. This factor was largely responsible for the remarkable growth of the Pacific Coast during and after World War . As industries built new factories in the Far West, Americans from all over the country moved west to take advantage of new jobs and new opportunities. The air
29、plane, too, has played a major role in uniting Americans. Only 70 years after the Wright brothers made the first successful airplane flight, the United States had move than 277,000 kilometers of regular flight routes. People and goods can now travel to every part of the country in less time than eve
30、r before. Human beings have conquered the distances which lie between them. 23 A. Automobiles promote farming. B. Planes bring people even closer. C. Railroads unite the whole country. D. Building railroads is costly. E. Transportation makes it possible for workers to move out of cities. F. People c
31、an travel all over the world. 23 Paragraph 2 _ 24 Paragraph 3 _ 25 Paragraph 4 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A. of the opportunities to live more closely with others B. did large-scale farming become possible C. was quickly popularized D. to an even greater degree E. to travel from the east of the country t
32、o the West F. was greatly improved 27 In the early days it took more than three months for people_. 28 Not until trucks and tractors came into wide use_. 29 While family automobiles have given people greater freedom to move about, they have at the same time deprived people_. 30 Faster than both trai
33、ns and automobiles, planes have shortened the distance between people_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 How to Educate Children As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, “Universal human rights begin in small places, close to home.” And Tolerance, org, a Web site from th
34、e Southern Poverty Law Center, is helping parents across the country create homes in which tolerance and understanding are guiding themes. “The goal of nurturing open-minded, empathetic children is a challenging one,” says Jennifer Holladay, director of Tolerance; org. “To cultivate tolerance, paren
35、ts have to instill in children a sense of empathy, respect and responsibilityto oneself and to othersas well as the recognition that every person on earth is a treasure.” Holladay offers several ways parents can promote tolerance: Talk about tolerance. Tolerance education is an ongoing process; it c
36、annot be captured in a single moment. Establish a high comfort level for open dialogue about social issues. Let children know that no subject is taboo. Identify intolerance when children are exposed to it. Point out stereotypes and cultural misinformation depicted in movies, TV shows, computer games
37、 and other media. Challenge bias when it comes from friends and family members. Do not let the moment pass. Begin with a qualified statement: “Andrew just called people of XYZ faith lunatics. What do you think about that, Zoe?” Let children do most of the talking. Challenge intolerance when it comes
38、 from your children. When a child says or does something that reflects biases or embraces stereotypes, confront the child: “What makes that joke funny, Jerome?” Guide the conversation toward internalization of empathy and respect“Mimi uses a walker, honey. How do you think she would feel about that
39、joke?” or “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last Week?” Support your children when they are the victims of intolerance. Respect childrens troubles by acknowledging when they become targets of bias. Dont minimize the experience. Provide emotional support and then brainstorm const
40、ructive responses. For example, develop a set of comebacks to use when children are the victims of name-calling. Create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them. Look critically at how a child defines “normal.” Expand the definition. Visit playgrounds where a va
41、riety of children are presentpeople of different races, socioeconomic backgrounds, family structures, etc. Encourage a child to spend time with eldersgrandparents, for example. Encourage children to call upon community resources. A child who is concerned about world hunger can volunteer at a local s
42、oup kitchen or homeless shelter. The earlier children interact with the community, the better. This will help convey the lesson that we are not islands unto ourselves. Model the behavior you would like to see. As a parent and as your childs primary role model, be consistent in how you treat others.
43、Remember, you may say, “Do as I say, not as I do,” but actions really do speak louder than words. 31 Which of the following statements is TRUE about Tolerance. org?_ （ A） It is a Web site from the Southern Poverty Law Center. （ B） It is helping parents across the country create homes for those orpha
44、ns. （ C） The goal is to challenge those intolerant children. （ D） It helps parents cultivate a sense of empathy and responsibility in their children. 32 The underlined word “taboo” (Para.2) most probably means“_”. （ A） intolerance （ B） forbidden customs （ C） secret dialogues （ D） inappropriate issue
45、s 33 The example of asking “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?” is to illustrate that it is indispensable to_. （ A） challenge intolerance when it comes from your children （ B） identify intolerance when children are exposed to it （ C） support your Children when they are
46、the victims of intolerance （ D） create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them 34 According to the passage, children are encouraged to join in many activities other than_. （ A） live in homeless shelter （ B） spend time with elders （ C） volunteer at a local soup
47、kitchen （ D） visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present 35 According to Jennifer Holladay, who are childrens primary role models?_ （ A） Their teachers. （ B） Their parents. （ C） Their grandparents. （ D） Their peers. 35 A Trip Every year New Zealanders living in London can be seen loadi
48、ng up Kombi vans and heading off to experience the “classic European holiday”. The trip usually starts in the north of France, after crossing the channel from Dover in England to Calais, driving down through France, over the Pyrenees into Spain, west into Portugal and then across the Continent to It
49、aly and often beyond. There are numerous reasons young New Zealanders take this rite of passageas well as seeing all the fantastic sights and tasting the delights of Europes food and wine, its relatively inexpensive. The Kombi is transport and accommodation all in one, cutting down significantly on costs. There is just one problem. As the Kombis become “antique”, these trips are usually punctuated with numerous roadsi
