1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 10及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The curious look from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy. （ A） difficult （ B） worried （ C） anxious （ D） unhappy 2 The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links. （ A）
2、 rejected （ B） investigated （ C） proposed （ D） postponed 3 He has a passionate interest in music. （ A） enthusiastic （ B） perfect （ C） practical （ D） funny 4 We derive knowledge mainly from books. （ A） deprive （ B） obtain （ C） descend （ D） trace 5 He has a very outgoing personality and makes friends
3、very easily. （ A） capacity （ B） character （ C） reality （ D） attitude 6 The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table. （ A） supplied （ B） gathered （ C） grasped （ D） made 7 The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one. （ A） motivate （ B） combine
4、 （ C） compact （ D） nominate 8 He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides. （ A） favorable （ B） possible （ C） formal （ D） genuine 9 When does the next train depart? （ A） pull up （ B） pull down （ C） pull out （ D） pull in 10 His novel depicts an ambitious American. （ A） writes
5、 （ B） sketches （ C） describes （ D） indicates 11 The town is notable for its beautiful scenery in winter. （ A） similar （ B） prompt （ C） profound （ D） famous 12 He is assigned to oversee the production of the assembly lines. （ A） supervise （ B） watch （ C） suspect （ D） predict 13 He decided to overcome
6、 his shortcomings. （ A） convert （ B） convict （ C） conquer （ D） convey 14 Soldiers have to obey orders. （ A） reply to （ B） apply for （ C） abide with （ D） abide by 15 She wore a gorgeous Victorian gown which was said to be worth thousands of dollars. （ A） beauty （ B） splendid （ C） expensive （ D） simpl
7、e 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Pubic response to technology often varies in peculiar ways. While biotechnology, for example, gives rise to organized opposition, information technology, which is actually
8、no less invasive(侵害者 ), no more harmless, is welcomed or, at the least, accepted with comparatively little debate. Information technologies from computers to communications have obviously had an overwhelming social impact and their benefits hardly need explanations. But they have also disturbed priv
9、acy and threatened civil liberties. Computerized data banks empower bureaucratic authorities by providing easy access to personal informationabout credit ratings, social performance, housing and medical histories. They will allow access to genetic figures, providing information about our tendencies
10、to employers, insurers, product advertisers, banks and other institutions that exercise control over our lives. Computerization allows the severe extension of advertising through telemarketing requests that shamelessly intrude our home life. Information technologies have displaced people from jobs a
11、nd turned potentially skilled workers into low-level computer technicians, computers have facilitated the work of scholars, but also turned them into typists; yet one hears hardly a complaint. They have turned the simple act of buying a plane ticket into an endless manipulation(控制 ), but we welcome
12、the so-called convenience. They have encouraged new forms of crime and fraud(欺诈 ), but we describe them with grudging admiration. They have allowed new types of evil weaponry, but we call them “smart bombs“. Perhaps the most important, information technologies have extended the power of the mass med
13、ia, creating unusual possibilities for political manipulation, reducing accountability(有责任，有义务 ), and changing the nature of political life. It is true that there are critiques(批评 ) of information technologies from those professionally concerned about their problematic legal, social and political im
14、plications. There is a near total absence, however, of organized public concern about technologies with profound and problematic implications. 16 According to the author, information technology has nothing positive to say. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Information technology has not gi
15、ven rise to organized opposition. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The benefits brought by information technology is quite evident. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 By the term “computerization“ the author means that computer plays an important role in our economic life. （ A） R
16、ight （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 What worries the author most is that our privacy will be threatened by businessman. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Those who criticized information technologies are those who benefit least from information technologies. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） No
17、t mentioned 22 The author argues that biotechnology plays an important role in our everyday life. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为 每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 There are now over 700 mi
18、llion motor vehicles in the world-and the number is rising by more than 40 million each year. The average distance driven by car users is growing too-from 8 km a day per person in western Europe in 1965 to 25 km a day in 1995. This dependence on motor vehicles had given rise to major problems, inclu
19、ding environmental pollution, depletion of oil resources, traffic congestion and safety. 2. Until a hundred years ago, most journeys were in the 20 km range, the distance conveniently accessible by horse. Heavy freight could only be carried by water or rail. The invention of the motor vehicle brough
20、t personal mobility to the masses and made rapid freight delivery possible over a much wider area. Today 90 per cent of inland freight in the United Kingdom is carried by road. Clearly the world cannot revert to the horse-drawn wagon. Can it avoid being locked into congested and pollution ways of tr
21、ansporting people and goods? 3. In Europe most cities are still designed for the old modes of transport. Adaptation to the motor car has involved adding ring roads, one-way systems and parking lots. In the United States, more land is assigned to car use than to housing. Urban sprawl means that life
22、without a car is nest to impossible. Mass use of motor vehicles has also killed or injured millions of people. Other social effects have been blamed on the car such as alienation and aggressive human behaviour. 4. A 1993 study by the European Federation for Transport and Environment found that car t
23、ransport is seven times as costly as rail travel in terms of he external social costs it entails such as congestion, accidents, pollution, loss of cropland and natural habitats, depletion of oil resources, and so on. Yet cars easily surpass trains or buses as a flexible and convenient mode of person
24、al transport. It is unrealistic to expect people to give up private cars in favour of mass transit. 5. Technical solutions can reduce the pollution problem and increase the fuel efficiency of engines. But fuel consumption and exhaust emissions depend on which cars are preferred by customers and how
25、they are driven. Many people buy larger cars than they need for daily purposes or waste fuel by driving aggressively. Besides, global car use is increasing at a faster rate than the improvement in emissions and fuel efficiency which technology is now making possible. 6. A more likely scenario seems
26、to be a combination of mass transit systems for travel into and around cities. With small “low emission“ cars for urban use and larger hybrid or lean burn cars for use elsewhere. Electronically tolled highways might be used to ensure that drivers pay charges geared to actual road use. Better integra
27、tion of transport systems is also highly desirable-and made more feasible by modern computers. But these are solutions for countries which can afford them. In most developing countries, old cars and old technologies continue to predominate. 23 A. How Driving Habits Contribute to Road Problems B. The
28、 Increasing Use of Motor Vehicles C. The Impact of the Car on City Development D. The Relative Merits of Cars and Public Transport E. The Writers Own Prediction of Future Solutions F. A Comparison of Past and Present Transportation Methods. 23 Paragraph 3 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Parag
29、raph 6 _ 27 A. for motor vehicles B. a useful alternative to motor vehicles C. a long-term solution D. the problem of vehicle pollution E. carrie by water in the United Kingdom F. a factor in the pollution problem. 27 Transport by horse would not be _ 28 Most European cities were no designed _ 29 Te
30、chnology alone can not solve _ 30 Peoples choice of car and attitude to driving is _ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out, and if it is really good science it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found
31、are actually new, they are by definition unknown in advance. You cannot make choices in this matter. You either have science or you dont, and if you have it you are obliged to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and promptly useful hits, The only solid pie
32、ce of scientific truth abut which I feel totally confident is that we are profoundly ignorant about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, an illuminating piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th. centu
33、ry Enlightenment to be told by any of us how little we know and how bewildering seems the way ahead. It is this sudden confrontation with the depth and scope of ignorance that represents the most significant contribution of the 20th century science to the human intellect. In earlier times, we either
34、 pretended to understand how things worked or ignored the problem, or simply made up stories to fill the gaps. Now that we have begun exploring in earnest, we are getting glimpses of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are depressed. It is not so bad bein
35、g ignorant if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted. But we are making a beginning, and there ought
36、to be some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can t be answered, sooner or later, including even the matter of consciousness. To be sure, there may well be questions we cant think up and therefore limits to the reach of human intellect, but that is another matter. Wit
37、hin our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention. 31 According to the author, really good science _. （ A） would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th century Enlightenment （ B） will help people to make the right choice i
38、n advance （ C） will produce results which cannot be foreseen （ D） will bring about disturbing results 32 It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century _. （ A） knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature （ B） were afraid of facing up to the realities of
39、 scientific research （ C） thought that they knew a great deal and could solve most problems of science （ D） did more harm than good in promoting mans understanding of nature 33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned abut scientists in earlier times? （ A） They invented false theories to explain thin
40、gs they didnt understand. （ B） They falsely claimed to know all about nature. （ C） They did not believe in results from scientific observation. （ D） They paid little attention to the problems they didnt understand. 34 What is the authors attitude toward science? （ A） He is confident though he is awa
41、re of the enormous difficulties in scientific research. （ B） He is doubtful because of the enormous difficulties in scientific research. （ C） He is depressed because of the ignorance of scientists. （ D） He is delighted because of the illuminating scientific findings. 35 The author believes that_. （
42、A） man cannot solve all the problems he can think up because of the limits of human intelleot （ B） man can find solutions sooner or later to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up （ C） sooner or later man can think up all the questions concerning nature and answer them （ D） questions c
43、oncerning consciousness are outside the scope of scientific research 36 Geologists have been studying volcanoes for a long time. Though they have learned a great deal, they still have not discovered the cause of volcanic action. They know that the inside of the earth is very hot, but they are not su
44、re exactly what causes the great heat. Some geologists have thought that the heat is caused by the great pressure of the earths outer layers. Or the heat may be left from the time when the earth was formed. During the last sixty years scientists have learned about radium, uranium, thorium, and other
45、 radioactive elements. These give out heat all the time as they change into other elements. Many scientists now believe that much of the heat inside the earth is produced by radioactive elements. Whatever the cause of the heat may be, we do know that the earth gets hotter the farther down we dig. In
46、 deep mines and oil wells the temperature rises about 1 F for each 50 feet. At this rate the temperature 40 miles below the earth s surface would be over 4,000 F, This is much hotter than necessary to melt rock. However, the pressure of the rock above keeps most materials from melting at their usual
47、 melting points. Geologists believe that the rock deep in the earth may be plastic, or puttylike. In other words, the rock yields slowly to pressure but is not liquid. But if some change in the earths crust releases the pressure, the rock melts. Then the hot, liquid rock can move up toward the surfa
48、ce. When the melted rock works its way close to earths crust, a volcano may be formed. The melted rock often contains steam and other gases under great pressure. If the rock above gives way, the pressure is released. Then the sudden expansion of the gases causes explosions. Theses blow the melted ro
49、ck into pieces of different sizes and shoot them high in the air. Here they cool and harden into volcanic ash and cinders. Some of the material falls around the hole made in the earths surface. The melted rock may keep on rising and pour out as lava. In this way, volcanic ash, cinders and lava build up the cone-shaped mountains that we call volcanoes. 36 The subject of this passage is the_. （ A） formation of volcanoes （ B） results of volcanic action （ C） work of geologists （ D） interior of the
