1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 16及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 These are their motives for doing it. （ A） reasons （ B） excuses （ C） answers （ D） plans 2 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west. （ A） twists （ B） stretches （ C） broadens （ D）
2、 bends 3 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs. （ A） abuse （ B） flavor （ C） temptation （ D） consumption 4 These programmes are of immense value to old people. （ A） natural （ B） fatal （ C） tiny （ D） enormous 5 A great deal has been done to remedy the situation. （ A） maintain （ B） improve （ C） assess
3、（ D） protect 6 John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article. （ A） cooperating （ B） competing （ C） combining （ D） arguing 7 He is determined to consolidate his power. （ A） strengthen （ B） control （ C） abandon （ D） exercise 8 Many scientists have been probing psychological problems. （ A） solv
4、ing （ B） exploring （ C） settling （ D） handling 9 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits. （ A） removed （ B） cured （ C） worsened （ D） relieved 10 All the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory. （ A） functions （ B） faults （ C） motions （ D） parts 11 The
5、 food is insufficient for three people. （ A） instant （ B） infinite （ C） inexpensive （ D） inadequate 12 Thousands of people perished in the storm. （ A） died （ B） suffered （ C） floated （ D） scattered 13 But in the end he approved of our proposal. （ A） undoubtedly （ B） certainly （ C） ultimately （ D） ne
6、cessarily 14 For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business. （ A） strange （ B） complex （ C） personal （ D） funny 15 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management. （ A） evaluation （ B） production （ C） efficiency （ D） publicity 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下
7、面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Mother Nature Shows Her Strength Tornadoes (龙卷风 ) and heavy thunderstorms moved across the Great Lakes and into Trumbull County on Saturday evening. The storms were dramatic and dangerous. George Snyder was
8、 driving the fire truck down Route 88 when he first noticed that a funnel (漏斗状的 ) cloud was behind him. “I stopped the truck and watched the funnel cloud. It was about 100 feet off the ground and I saw it go up and down for a while. It was moving toward Bradley Road and then suddenly it disappeared,
9、“ Snyder said. Snyder only saw one of the funnel clouds that passed through northeastern Ohio on Saturday. In Trumbull County, a tornado turned trees onto their sides. Some trees fell onto houses and cars. Other trees fell into telephone and electrical wires as they went down. Amanda Symcheck was ha
10、ving a party when the storm began. “I knew something was wrong,“ she said.“ I saw the sky go green and pink (粉红色 ). Then it sounded like a train rushing toward the house. I started crying and told everyone to go to the basement for protection.“ The tornado caused a lot of damage to cars and houses i
11、n the area. It will take a long time and much money to repair everything. There was also serious water damage from the thunderstorms. The heavy rains and high wind caused the power to go out in many homes. The storms caused serious flooding in areas near the river. More than four inches of rain fell
12、 in parts of Trumbull County. The river was. so high that the water ran into streets and houses. Many streets had to be closed to cars and trucks because of the high water. This made it difficult for fire trucks, police cars, and other rescue vehicles to help people who were in trouble. Many people
13、who live near the river had to leave their homes for their own safety. Some people reported five feet of water in their homes. Local and state officials opened emergency shelters for the people who were evacuated (撤走 ). The Red Cross served meals to them. “This was a really intense storm,“ said Snyd
14、er. “People were afraid. Mother Nature can be fierce. We were lucky this time. No one was killed.“ 16 The weather was nice in Trumbull County on Saturday evening. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 George Snyder was a firefighter. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Amanda Symcheck
15、was having a party in the basement when the storm began. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Power supply system was not damaged during the storm. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 There had not been such a severe storm in Trumbull County for a hundred years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong
16、（ C） Not mentioned 21 Rescue vehicles had a hard time getting to people. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Several people were missing during the storm. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2
17、)第 27-30题 要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 The Weight Experiment Nicola Walters has been taking part in experiments in Scotland to discover why humans gain and lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a “calorimeter“ (热量测量室 ) is one way to find out. 1 The signs above the two rooms read simply “
18、Chamber One“ and “Chamber Two“. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these. rooms another sign reads “Please do not enter - work in progress“ and in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the
19、volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer. 2 Nicola Waiters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall and slim, Nicola does n
20、ot have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training and fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advert for volunteers at her local gym and as she is interested in the whole area of die
21、t and exercise, she thought she would help out. 3 The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home and the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings and from then on eve
22、rything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt and samples were taken for analysis. 4 The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of
23、 order on the long days they face in the room. “The first time, I only took one video and a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,“ says Nicola. And twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled (踩踏板 ) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didnt go t
24、oo fast. 5 It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a
25、high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required and Nicola has signed up for further sessions. 23 A What does the calorimeter look like inside? B What program was designed for the experiment? C What is a calorimeter? D What is the first impression? E How do the volunteers kill the time? F Why
26、 did Nicola join in the experiments? 23 Paragraph 1 _. 24 Paragraph 2 _. 25 Paragraph 3 _. 26 Paragraph 4 _. 27 A the volunteers do B because she does not have a weight problem C because the life there can be very boring D make people overeat E because she was her own boss F after passing a high-pro
27、tein test 27 The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _. 28 Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _. 29 Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter _. 30 The experiments show that high-fat diets _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选
28、 1个最佳选项。 31 Is the Tie a Necessity? Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British real
29、ly going to abandon the neckties? Maybe. Last week, the UKs Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives. In fact, Blair showed this attitude when he had hi
30、s first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities (知名人士 ) without ties, which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past. For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than hav
31、e his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tie was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party - almost every social occasion. But today, people have begun to accept a casual st
32、yle even for formal occasions. The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a “band“. The term could mean anything around a mans neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear (颈饰 ) impressed Charle
33、s II, the king of England who was exiled (流放 ) to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660, he brought this new fashion item along with him. It wasnt, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became k
34、nown as the tie. Then, clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearers membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen. But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anywa
35、y, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood. 31 The tie symbolizes all of the following except （ A） respect. （ B） elegance. （ C） politeness. （ D） democracy. 32 Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie? （ A） Because
36、 he wants to make a show. （ B） Because he wants to attract attention. （ C） Because ties are costly. （ D） Because he wants to live in a casual way. 33 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion? （ A） Going to church. （ B） Going to work in the office. （ C） Staying at home. （ D） Going to a party.
37、34 Who brought the Frenchmens neckwear to Britain? （ A） Tony Blair. （ B） Charles . （ C） Jim Callaghan. （ D） Andrew Turnbull. 35 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly? （ A） After the late 19th century. （ B） In the 1630s. （ C） In 1660. （ D） In the late 18th century. 36 Where Have All
38、 the Frogs Gone? In the 1980s, scientists around the world began to notice something strange: Frogs were disappearing. More recent research has shown that many kinds of amphibians (两栖动物 ) are declining or have become extinct. They have been around for a long time - over 350 million years. Why are th
39、ey dying out now? Scientists are seriously concerned about this question. First of all, amphibians are an important source of scientific and medical knowledge. By studying amphibians, scientists have learned about new substances that could be very useful for treating human diseases. Further research
40、 could lead to many more discoveries, but that will be impossible if the amphibians disappear. The most serious aspect of amphibian loss, however, goes beyond the amphibians themselves. Scientists are beginning to think about what amphibian decline means for the planet as a whole. If the earth is be
41、coming unlivable for amphibians, is it also becoming unlivable for other kinds of animals and human, beings as well? Scientists now believe that amphibian decline is due to several environmental factors. One of these factors is the destruction of habitat, the natural area where an animal lives. Amph
42、ibians are very sensitive to changes in their habitat. If they cannot find the right conditions, they will not lay their eggs. These days, as wild areas are covered with houses, roads, farms, or factories, many kinds of amphibians are no longer laying eggs. For example, the arroyo toad (蟾蜍 ) of sout
43、hern California will only lay its eggs on the sandy bottom of a slow-moving stream. There are very few streams left in southern California, and those streams are often muddy because of building projects. Not surprisingly, the arroyo toad is now in danger of extinction. There are a number of other fa
44、ctors in amphibian decline. Pollution is one of them. In many industrial areas, air pollution has poisoned the rain, which then falls on ponds and kills the frogs and toads that live there. In farming areas, the heavy use of chemicals on crops has also killed off amphibians. Another factor is that a
45、ir pollution has led to increased levels of ultraviolet (UV) light. This endangers amphibians, which seem to be especially sensitive to UV light. And finally, scientists have discovered a new disease that seems to be killing many species of amphibians in different parts of the world. All these reaso
46、ns for the disappearance of amphibians are also good reasons for more general concern. The destruction of land, the pollution of the air and the water, the changes in our atmosphere, the spread of diseases - these factors affect human beings, too. Amphibians are especially sensitive to environmental
47、 change. Perhaps they are like the canary (金丝雀 ) bird that coal miners once used to take down into the mines to detect poisonous gases. When the canary became iii or died, the miners knew that dangerous gases were near and their own lives were in danger. 36 Losing amphibians means losing （ A） knowle
48、dge about fatal human diseases. （ B） knowledge about air and water pollution. （ C） a chance to discover new medicines. （ D） an opportunity to detect poisonous gases. 37 Amphibians lay their eggs （ A） in any stream they can find. （ B） in places without UV light. （ C） only on sand. （ D） only in the ri
49、ght conditions. 38 The arroyo toad is disappearing because （ A） it has been threatened by frogs. （ B） it is losing its habitat. （ C） a disease has been killing its eggs. （ D） it cant bear the cold of winter, 39 Coal miners once used the canary bird to detect （ A） poisonous gases. （ B） air pollution. （ C） water leakage. （ D） radiation. 40 Scientists think that the decline of amphibians could （ A） cause environmental change. （ B） cause a decline in other kinds of animals. （ C） be a warning signal for hu
