1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 17及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 We consume a lot more than we are able to produce. （ A） waste （ B） buy （ C） use （ D） sell 2 As a writer, he turned out three novels that year. （ A） refused （ B） read （ C） produced （ D） accepte
2、d 3 Winston Churchill gave a moving speech. （ A） nervous （ B） foolish （ C） stirring （ D） fast 4 We tried to restrict our conversation to arguments relevant to the topic. （ A） put （ B） suit （ C） confine （ D） resort 5 It doesnt stand to reason that he would lie. （ A） seem logical （ B） look pleasant （
3、C） appear obvious （ D） sound important 6 The company recommended that a new gas station be built here. （ A） ordered （ B） insisted （ C） suggested （ D） demanded 7 A plastic wheel can be as tough as a metal one. （ A） useful （ B） tight （ C） weak （ D） strong 8 Of all the planets in this solar system, Mer
4、cury is nearest the Sun. （ A） most like （ B） closest to （ C） hotter than （ D） heavier than 9 If wool is put into hot water, it tends to shrink. （ A） disappear （ B） expand （ C） break （ D） contract 10 The train came to an abrupt stop, making us wonder where we were. （ A） an uncertain （ B） a slow （ C）
5、an unexpected （ D） a smooth 11 Almost all economists agree that nations gain by trading with one another. （ A） work （ B） profit （ C） rely （ D） prove 12 The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links. （ A） denied （ B） investigated （ C） stressed （ D） created 13 The chemical is deadly to
6、 rats but safe to cattle. （ A） fatal （ B） hateful （ C） good （ D） useful 14 During his lifetime he was able to accumulate quite a fortune, （ A） control （ B） spend （ C） collect （ D） exchange 15 Its impolite to cut in when two persons are holding a conversation. （ A） leave （ B） talk loudly （ C） stand u
7、p （ D） interrupt 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Mad Scientist Stereotype Outdated Do people still imagine a physicist as a bearded man in glasses or has the image of the mad scientist changed? The Institut
8、e of Physics set out to find out whether the stereotype of a physics “boffin“ (科学家 ) still exists by conducting a survey on shoppers in London. The people were asked to identify the physicist from a photograph of a line-up of possible suspects. 98 percent of those asked got it wrong. The majority of
9、 people picked a white male of around 60, wearing glasses and with a white beard. While this stereotype may have been the image of an average physicist fifty years ago, the reality is now very different. Since 1960 the number of young women entering physics has doubled and the average age of a physi
10、cist is now 31. The stereotype of the absent-minded scientist has lasted a long time because the media and Hollywood help promote the image of men in white lab coats with glasses sitting by blackboards full of equations (等式 ) or working with fizzing (嘶嘶响 ) test tubes. These stereotypes are really da
11、maging to society. Very good school children are put off studying science because they dont see people like themselves on television or in magazines doing science. They simply dont relate to the medias image of the mad scientist. This is one reason why fewer young people are choosing to do science a
12、t university. If we want to encourage more young people to study science subjects, we need to change this image of the scientist and make science careers more attractive. But we must also develop childrens interest in science. In an attempt to change this negative image, an increasing number of scie
13、nce festivals are being organized. Thousands of people from secondary schools are also encouraged to take part in nationwide science competitions of which the most popular are the national science Olympiads. Winning national teams then get the opportunity to take part in the International Science Ol
14、ympiads which are held in a different country every year. These events are all interesting for the young people who take part but they only involve a small proportion of students who are already interested in science. It seems that there is a long way to go before science becomes attractive as subje
15、cts like computer studies or fashion and design. 16 Most people have similar ideas of what a physicist looks like. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The majority of physicists in Britain today are Cambridge graduates. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The media and the cinema hav
16、e played a role in promoting the image of the mad scientist. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 There will be more women scientists than men scientists in the future. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 More children will study science if it becomes more attractive. （ A） Right （ B）
17、Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 The image of the mad scientist is really encouraging to society. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The International Science Olympiads are held once every two years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试 任务： (1
18、)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 23 Earth Angels 1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she noticed that cigarette butts (烟头 ) were littering her hometown beach in lsle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of
19、a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Buffs on the Beach“ campaign. She raised money and awareness about the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets. The bucket
20、s were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach is nearly free of cigarette debris (残片 ). 2 People who live in or visit Ste
21、amboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many. species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a fres
22、hman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3 Barbara Brown and her friends co
23、llect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water-a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on
24、their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Dont Be Crude“ program runs oil-collection sites-tanks that hold up to 460 gallons-where people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4 Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hre
25、ljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as $70 could build a well. “We really take water for granted,“ says Rya
26、n, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it.“ Ryan earned the first $70 by doing extra chores (零工 ), but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation, which raises money
27、 for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries. 23 A Provide Clean Water B Dig Oil Wells C Save Clean Water D Dont Litter E Dont Be Crude F Protect Wildlife 23 Paragraph 1 _ 24 Paragraph 2 _ 25 Paragraph 3 _ 26 Paragraph 4 _ 27 A make new materi
28、als B preserve wetland and animals C have clean air D have clean water E collect cigarette butts F collect disposed oil 27 Joying placed the buckets at all public-access areas to _. 28 People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts, to _. 29 Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to _
29、. 30 Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 “Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil contain
30、ing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have rec
31、ently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice. It is estimated that each year more than 10m hectares
32、 (公顷 ) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长 ) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林 ) that create swamps (沼泽 ) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of dro
33、ughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透 ) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发 ) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind. Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations
34、 of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive. To overcome these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants growth. They have started to breed these charact
35、eristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered for commercial use. Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. La
36、nd that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world. 31 Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is true? （ A） They are students at Sussex University. （ B） They are rice breeders. （ C） They are husband
37、and wife. （ D） They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning. 32 Flowers and Yeo have started a programme （ A） to find ways to prevent water pollution. （ B） to identify genes that promote growth in salty soil. （ C） to breed rice plants that taste salty. （ D） to find ways to remove excessi
38、ve salt from soil. 33 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage? （ A） Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed. （ B） The water table has gone down after droughts. （ C） Sea level has been continuously rising. （ D） Evaporation of water leaves s
39、alt behind. 34 The word “affect“ in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by （ A） influence. （ B） effect. （ C） stop. （ D） present. 35 The attitude of the author towards the research project is （ A） positive. （ B） negative. （ C） suspicious. （ D） indifferent. 36 Living with Computer After too long on the
40、 Net, even a phone call can be a shock. My boyfriends Liverpudlian accent suddenly becomes hard to understand after the clarity of his words on screen; a secretarys tone seems more rejecting than Id imagined it would be. Time itself becomes fluid - hours become minutes, and alternately seconds stret
41、ch into days. Weekends, once a highlight of my week, are now just two ordinary days. For the last three years, since I stopped working as a producer for Charlie Rose, I have done much of my work as a tele-commuter (远程交谈者 ). I submit articles and edit them via E-mail and communicate with colleagues o
42、n internet mailing lists. My boyfriend lives in England, so much of our relationship is computer-mediated. If I desired, I could stay inside for weeks without wanting anything. I can order food, and manage my money, love and work. In fact, at times I have spent as long as three weeks alone at home,
43、going out only to get mall and buy newspapers and groceries. I watched most of the blizzard (暴风雪 ) of 96 on TV. But after a while, life itself begins to feel unreal. I start to feel as though Ive merged with my machines, taking data in, spitting them back out, just another node (节点 ) on the Net. Oth
44、ers on line report the same symptoms. We start to strongly dislike the outside forms of socializing. Its like attending an A. A. meeting in a bar with everyone holding a half-sipped drink. We have become the Net opponents worst nightmare. What first seemed like a luxury, crawling from bed to compute
45、r, not worrying about hair, and clothes and face, has become an avoidance, a lack of discipline. And once you start replacing real human contact with cyber-interaction (网上交流 ), coming back out of the cave can be quite difficult. At times, I turn on the television and just leave it to chatter in the
46、background, something that Id never done previously. The voices of the programs soothe (安慰 ) me, but then Im jarred (使感不快 ) by the commercials. I find myself sucked in by soap operas, or compulsively (强制性地 ) needing to keep up with the latest news and the weather. “Dateline,“ “Frontline,“ “Nightline
47、, CNN, every possible angle of every story over and over and over, even when they are of no possible use to me. Work moves from foreground to background. 36 Compared with the clear words of her boyfriend on screen, his accent is （ A） obscure. （ B） distinct. （ C） unreal. （ D） misleading. 37 The passa
48、ge implies that the writer and her boyfriend live in （ A） England. （ B） different countries. （ C） the same city. （ D） the same country. 38 Living alone in a house, the writer seems to （ A） have totally forgotten her work. （ B） be afraid of her neighbors. （ C） get some comfort from TV programs. （ D）
49、have gone crazy. 39 We learn from the passage that the writer （ A） is fed up with the Net opponents. （ B） prefers people to the computer. （ C） is addicted to the computer. （ D） does not like human contact. 40 The phrase “coming back out of the cave“ in the fifth paragraph means （ A） coming back home. （ B） giving up the present job. （ C） living a luxurious life. （ D） restoring real human contact. 41 The Body Clock Why is it that flying to New York from London will leave you feeling les
