1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 34及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs. （ A） abuse （ B） flavor （ C） temptation （ D） consumption 2 Many scientists have been probing psychological problems. （ A） solving （ B） exploring （ C） sett
2、ling （ D） handling 3 These are their motives for doing it. （ A） reasons （ B） excuses （ C） answers （ D） plans 4 These programmes are of immense value to old people. （ A） natural （ B） fatal （ C） tiny （ D） enormous 5 The food is insufficient for three people. （ A） instant （ B） infinite （ C） inexpensive
3、 （ D） inadequate 6 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west. （ A） twists （ B） stretches （ C） broadens （ D） bends 7 John is collaborating with mary in writing an article. （ A） cooperating （ B） competing （ C） combining （ D） arguing 8 But in the end he approved of our proposal. （ A） undo
4、ubtedly （ B） certainly （ C） ultimately （ D） necessarily 9 In Britain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management. （ A） evaluation （ B） efficiency （ C） production （ D） publicity 10 Thousands of people perished in the storm. （ A） died （ B） suffered （ C） floated （ D） scattered 11 A g
5、reat deal has been done to remedy the situation. （ A） maintain （ B） improve （ C） assess （ D） protect 12 And the cars are tested for defects before leaving the factory. （ A） functions （ B） faults （ C） motions （ D） parts 13 Hearing problems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercise habits. （ A
6、） removed （ B） cured （ C） worsened （ D） relieved 14 For young children, getting dressed is a complicated business. （ A） strange （ B） complex （ C） personal （ D） funny 15 He is determined to consolidate his power. （ A） strengthen （ B） control （ C） abandon （ D） exercise 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下
7、面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 There are steps you can take to improve your memory, though you have to work to keep your brain in shape. Its like having a good body. You cant go to the gym once a year and expect to stay in top form. Some
8、 memory enhancement experts suggest using the AM principle. Pay attention to what you want to remember. Then give some meaning to it. We remember things when we focus on them, whether we intend to or not. That helps explain why jingles stick in our minds. They are played on loud, flashy TV commercia
9、ls. They also use rhyme and music to help us remember better. Basic organization helps us remember the boring stuff. For example, rather than trying to recall a random list of groceries, we can divide them into categories, such as dairy, meat and produce. For important things like keys and money, we
10、 can set up a “forget-me-not“ spot where we always keep them. We can also eat to aid our memory power. Whole grains, fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of glucose, the brains preferred fuel. Another low-tech way to improve memory is to get adequate rest. Sleep may allow our brain time to en
11、code memories. Interest in friends, family and hobbies does wonders for our memory. A sense of passion or purpose helps us remember. Memory requires us to pay attention to our lives, allowing us to discover in them everything worth remembering. 16 It is not always true that the older you get, the le
12、ss you remember. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 It can be inferred from the passage that memory problems are not really age-related. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 As we get older, our memory mechanism is broken, and so cannot be the same as it was before. （ A） Right （ B） W
13、rong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Some people tend to have better memories than the rest of us. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 You must work hard to keep your brain active, just as you work hard to keep yourself in shape. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 In the AM principle, the let
14、ters A and M most likely refer to attention and memory respectively. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 A right choice of food and plenty of rest help improve our memory. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2
15、-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 How We Form First Impression 1. We all have first impression of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about someone without really knowing anything about him or her aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits
16、? 2. The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits, even very minor difference in how a persons eyes, ears, nose, or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him or her as different. In fact, your br
17、ain continuously processes incoming sensory information the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming “ signals“ are compared against a host of “ memories“ stored in the brain areas called the cortex (大脑皮层 )system to determine what these new signals “mean“. 3. If you see someone you know and l
18、ike at school, your brain says “familiar and safe“. If you see someone new, it says, “ new potentially threatening“ . Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other “known“ memories. The height, weight, dress, ethnicity, gestures and tone of voice are all matched up. The more u
19、nfamiliar the characteristics, the more your brain may say, “This is new. I dont like this person. “ Or else, “I am intrigued. “ Or your brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes, ethnicity, gestures like your other friends; so your brain says: “ I like this person. “ But these preliminary
20、“impressions“ can be dead wrong. 4. When we stereotype people, we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people their history, interests,
21、 values, strengths, and true character we categorize them as jocks, geeks, or freaks. 5. However, if we resist initial stereotypical impressions, we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person, hear about his or her life, hopes, dreams, and become aware o
22、f the persons character, we use a different, more mature style of thinking and the most complex areas of our cortex, which allow us to be humane. A. Ways of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions B. Comment on First Impression C. Illustration of First Impression D. Comparing Incoming Sen
23、sory Information Against Memories E. Threatening Aspect of First Impressions F. Differences Among Jocks, Geeks and Freaks 23 Paragraph 2_. 24 Paragraph 3_ . 25 Paragraph 4_. 26 Paragraph 5_. 26 A. a strangers less mature type of thinking B. the most complex areas of our cortex C. the immature form o
24、f thinking of a very young child D. the meaning of incoming sensory information E. the sights and sounds of the world F. an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking 27 Sensory information is one that is perceived through_. 28 You interpret_by comparing it against the memories already store
25、d in your brain. 29 The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking, which is similar to_. 30 We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 How Our Memory Works Try to imagine a life without a memory. It
26、 would be impossible. You could not use a language, because you would not remember the words. You could not understand a film, because you need to hold the first part of the story in your mind in order to understand the later parts. You would not be able to recognize anyone even members of your own
27、family. You would live in a permanent present. You would have no past and you wouldnt be able to imagine a future. Human beings have amazing memories. Apart from all our personal memories about our own lives, we can recall between 20, 000 and 100, 000 words in our own language as well as possibly th
28、ousands more in a foreign language. We have all sorts of information about different subjects such as history, science, and geography, and we have complex skills such as driving a car or playing a musical instrument. All these things and countless others depend on our memory. How well you remember t
29、hings depends on many different factors. Firstly, some people naturally have better memories than others, in just the same way as some people are taller than others, or have different color eyes. Some top chess players, for example, can remember every move of every game that they have ever seen or p
30、layed. Secondly, research shows that different things are stored in different parts of the brain. Ideas, words, and numbers are stored in the left-hand side, while the right-hand side remembers images, sounds, and smells. In most people one side of the brain is more developed than the other, and thi
31、s may explain why some people can remember peoples faces easily, but cant remember their names. Thirdly, we all remember exciting, frightening, or dramatic events more easily. This is because these experiences produce chemicals such as adrenaline, which boost your memory. They say that anyone who is
32、 old enough to remember knows exactly where they were on Tuesday, September 11, 2001, when radio and TV programs around the world were interrupted with the shocking news that the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York were hit. Fourthly, the context in which you learn something can affect
33、 how well you remember it. Tests on divers, for example, showed that when they learned things underwater, they could also remember those things best when they were underwater. Lastly, the more often you recall a memory, the more likely you are to remember it. If you dont use it, you lose it. A telep
34、hone number that you dial frequently will stay in your memory easily, but you will probably have to write down one that you use only now and again. 31 What does the passage mainly tell us? （ A） Learning a foreign language depends on a good memory. （ B） None of us can live without memory. （ C） Our me
35、mories are truly amazing. （ D） How well we remember things is affected by various factors. 32 What can be inferred from the passage? （ A） A person with a poor memory lives forever in the present. （ B） We were either born with a good memory or not. （ C） Human beings have the potential to learn a fore
36、ign language. （ D） Illiterate people usually have a poor memory. 33 Which of the following is stated to be true? （ A） A revisit to the place where you have learned something contributes to memory. （ B） Failing to understand a film indicates the beginning of the loss of memory. （ C） Top chess players
37、 tend to have better memories than the rest of us. （ D） People who are good at remembering images are poor at remembering names. 34 Why can we remember exciting, dramatic, or frightening events better? （ A） Because these events involve danger. （ B） Because these events rarely happen to us and are li
38、kely to stay in our memory longer. （ C） Because these events produce chemicals that help us remember better. （ D） Because these events produce chemicals that stimulate our imagination. 35 What does the author mean when he mention “context“ in the first line of paragraph 6? （ A） the environment where
39、 someone get to know something （ B） discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation （ C） the surroundings of a building （ D） the atmosphere of a class 35 The Success of Cindy Hess Cindy Hess began her automotive career as a Design and Development Engineer with Chry
40、sler, in the fall of 1977. Today, she is Vice-President of Daimler Chrysler, and head of the Small Car Platform Engineering Department which is directly responsible for the design and development of the Neon, Dodge Viper, and all future small cars. “ Many different departments are involved in bringi
41、ng a product to market, “ said Hess, referring to the 2000 Neon. “A company looks into renewing a particular vehicle when its marketplace demand is good, and the profits increase our shareholders value, “ explained Hess. “We look to our market research in determining which options well keep the same
42、 or delete, and which ones we want to add to improve our appeal. “ Now that the Neon 2000 is on the market, her team will use survey and research results to determine which option packages work best for the consumer, and what improvements, if any, need to be made. And the beat goes on. Hess supervis
43、es 1, 200 engineers while managing a successful life as wife and mother. Her secret, she said, is to “always try to give 150 percent in everything I do. The only way I can really balance my work and family is by cheating at both ends, for example, “ Hess said, “ I always take my boys to school on th
44、e first day of the year so I come in a little late. A few times a year I leave work for a couple of hours to see my son in a play or to attend his swim meet. Like most other successful women in the auto industry, Hesss day begins early and ends late, In her case, coaching her sons basketball game en
45、ds some of Hesss days. “ Occasionally, “ she adds, “I come in to work on the weekends to catch up on paperwork and mail and have also been known to be called to work while I am on vacation. “ 36 What is Cindys chief responsibility, now? （ A） Renewing promising car models. （ B） Supervising production
46、. （ C） Doing market research. （ D） Developing small cars. 37 When will a company renew an existing model? （ A） When it sells well and brings in a good profit. （ B） When it needs improvement to meet the needs of users. （ C） When some of its features have to be deleted. （ D） When certain options have
47、to be added. 38 What does Cindy mean by “cheating at both ends“ ? （ A） Do things for her family when she is supposed to be at work （ B） Work for the company while she is supposed to stay at home. （ C） Meet the demands of both family and work with a flexible schedule. （ D） Balance the needs of her fa
48、mily against the demands of her work. 39 What is Cindys secret of success both as a business executive and a woman? （ A） Hard work. （ B） Loyalty. （ C） Enthusiasm. （ D） Creativity. 40 Which of the following statements is true of Cindy? （ A） She always makes sure to attend the big events in the life o
49、f her sons. （ B） She comes to office on most weekends to catch up on her work. （ C） She always gives priority to work rather than to her family. （ D） She seldom has time to take a holiday. 40 Making Friends Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the fact of friendship for granted, we often dont clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with a number of people, we are usually friends with only a very few for example,
