1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 35及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The policemen pursued the bank robbers. （ A） imprisoned （ B） shot （ C） investigated （ D） chased 2 It was boring to sit there without anything to do. （ A） meaningless （ B） monotonous （ C） fasci
2、nating （ D） awesome 3 Richard succeeded as usual in his tennis match. （ A） triumphed （ B） failed （ C） injured （ D） retired 4 The most famous chess player of the world can calculate faster than a computer. （ A） gracious （ B） tedious （ C） disciplined （ D） distinguished 5 They chose only the strong mou
3、ntaineers to climb Mt. Everest. （ A） smart （ B） robust （ C） experienced （ D） disabled 6 The doctor may recommend limiting the amount of fat in you diet. （ A） order （ B） insist （ C） suggest （ D） demand 7 It was obvious that she was not going home. （ A） evident （ B） necessary （ C） possible （ D） probab
4、le 8 The country is abundant in natural resources. （ A） rich （ B） colorful （ C） mysterious （ D） scarce 9 He broke the window in his anger. （ A） despair （ B） embarrassment （ C） frustration （ D） rage 10 We elicited truth by discussion. （ A） demanded （ B） provoked （ C） extracted （ D） denied 11 It is a
5、very cold night that nobody wanted to go out. （ A） freezing （ B） devastating （ C） baking （ D） mild 12 I answered the letter yesterday. （ A） gave reason to （ B） responded to （ C） returned to （ D） fled from 13 Your suitcase is rather heavy, what have you got in it? （ A） portable （ B） tangible （ C） wei
6、ghty （ D） dumb 14 Miss Gao is in the classroom at the moment. （ A） at once （ B） right now （ C） now （ D） all the time 15 The confident candidate is surely to win the election. （ A） self-employed （ B） self-assured （ C） self-important （ D） self-centered 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据
7、短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Inventor of LED When Nick Holonyak set out to create a new kind of visible lighting using semiconductor alloys, his colleagues thought he was unrealistic. Today, his discovery of light-emitting diodes, or LEDs, are used in
8、everything from DVDs to alarm clocks to airports. Dozens of his students have continued his work, developing lighting used in traffic lights and other everyday technology. On April 23, 2004, Holonyak received the $500, 000 Lemelson-MIT Prize at a ceremony in Washington. This marks the 10th year that
9、 the Lemelson-MIT Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has given the award to prominent inventors. “Anytime you get an award, big or little, its always a surprise. “ Holonyak said. Holonyak, 75, was a student of John Bardeen, an inventor of the transistor, in the early 1950s. A
10、fter graduate school, Holonyak worked at Bell Labs. He later went to General Electric, where he invented a switch now widely used in house dimmer switches. Later, Holonyak started looking into how semiconductors could be used to generate light. But while his colleagues were looking at how to generat
11、e invisible light, he wanted to generate visible light. The LEDs he invented in 1962 now last about 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs, and are more environmentally friendly and cost effective. Holonyak, now a professor of electrical and computer engineering and physics at the University of Ill
12、inois, said he suspected that LEDs would become as commonplace as they are today, but didnt realize how many uses they would have. “You dont know in the beginning. You think youre doing something important, you think its worth doing, but you really cant tell what the big payoff is going to be, and w
13、hen, and how. You just dont know. “ he said. The Lemelson-MIT Program also recognized Edith Flanigen, 75 , with the $ 100, 000 Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award for her work on a new generation of “ molecular sieves, “ that can separate molecules by size. 16 Holonyaks colleagues thought he wou
14、ld fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson MIT Prize sooner or later. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 Holonyak was the inv
15、entor of the transistor in the early 1950s. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C）
16、 Not mentioned 21 Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题；
17、 (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 The Mir Space Station 1. The Russian Mir Space Station, which came down in 2001 at last after 15 years of pioneering the concept of long-term human space flight, is remembered for its accomplishments in the human space flight history. It can be credited with
18、 many firsts in space. 2. During Mirs lifetime, Russia spent about US $4. 2 billion to build and maintain the station. 3. The Soviet Union launched Mir, which was designed to last from three to five years, on February 20 , 1986 , and housed 104 astronauts over 12 years and seven months, most of whom
19、 were not Russian. In fact, it became the first international space station by playing host to 62 people from 11 countries. From 1995 through 1998 , seven astronauts from the United States took turns living on Mir for up to six months each. They were among the 37 Americans who visited the station du
20、ring nine stopovers by space shuttles. 4. The more than $400 million the United States provided Russian for the visits not only kept Mir operating, but also gave the Americans and their partners in the international station project valuable experience in long-term flight and multinational operations
21、. 5. A debate continues over Mirs contributions to science. During its existence, Mir was the laboratory for 23 , 000 experiments and carried scientific equipment, estimated to be worth $ 80 million , from many nations. Experiments on Mir are credited with a range of findings, from the first solid m
22、easurement of the ration of heavy helium atoms in space to how to grow wheat in space. But for those favoring human space exploration, Mir showed that people could live and work in space long e-nough for a trip to Mars. The longest single stay in space is the 437. 7 days that Russian astronaut Valer
23、y Polyakov spent on Mir from 1994 to 1995. And Sergie Avdeyev accumulated 747. 6 days in space in three trips to the space station. The longest American stay was that of Shannon Lucid, who spent 188 days aboard Mir in 1996. 6. Despite the many firsts Mir accomplished, 1997 was a bad year out of 15 f
24、or Mir. In 1997 , an oxygen generator caught fire. Later, the main computer system broke down, causing the station to drift several times and there were power failures. 7. Most of these problems were repaired, with American help and suppliers, but Mirs reputation as a space station was ruined. 8. Mi
25、rs setbacks are nothing, though, when we compare them with its accomplishments. Mir was a tremendous success, which will be remembered as a milestone in space exploration and the space station that showed long-term human habitation in space was possible. But its time to move on to the next generatio
26、n. The International Space Station being built will be better, but it owes a great debt to Mir. A. Undeniable Mirs Achievements B. Rewards Following the US Financial Injection C. Mirs Problem Year D. Mir Regarded as a Complete Failure E. Mirs Firsts in Scientific Experiments and Space Exploration F.
27、 A Great Debt Owed to the International Space Station 23 Paragraph 4_. 24 Paragraph 5_. 25 Paragraph 6_. 26 Paragraph 8_. 26 A. everything B. a great success C. a tremendous failure D. nothing E. many firsts F. quite possible 27 Mir enhanced the confidence in the scientists that humans living in spa
28、ce for a long time was_. 28 In Mir, the US astronauts created_. 29 When we think of Mir in terms of its achievements, its setbacks are_. 30 The writer tends to think that Mir was_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Smart Window Windows not only let light in to cu
29、t down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to
30、 dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch. “It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is, “ says Claes Granqvist. Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “Its contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surround
31、ing world to feel well. “ So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors. Yet, windows are the weak link in a building when it comes to energy and temperature control. In the winter, cold air leaks in. When its hot and sunny, sunlight streams
32、in. All of this sunlight carries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people to turn on their air conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air, which can feel so refreshing, actually suck up enormous amounts of electricity in buildings around the world. Windows have been a major
33、focus of energy research for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a variety of strategies for coating, glazing, and layering windows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further. They use chromogenic technologies which involve changes of color. Electrochro
34、mic windows use electricity to change color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemical compound such as tungsten oxide works a bit like a battery. Tungsten oxide is clear when an electric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, when the amount of volta
35、ge is decreased, the window darkens until its completely dark after all electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether the window looks clear or dark. One important feature that makes a smart window so smart is that it has a sort of “memory. “ All it takes is a small jolt of vol
36、tage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays that way. Transitions take anywhere from 10 seconds to a few minutes, depending on the size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean that massive air conditioning systems may no longer need. “In the future, “ Granq
37、vist says, “our buildings may look different. “ 31 Which of the following statements does not indicate the importance of windows as described in the first two paragraphs? （ A） Windows can change from clear to dark to save energy. （ B） Windows help to save energy by letting light in. （ C） Windows hel
38、p to save energy by providing heat. （ D） Windows enable people to have contact with the outside world. 32 When are windows the weak link in a building? （ A） In the cold winter. （ B） In the hot summer. （ C） When air conditioners are turned on. （ D） Both A and B 33 What are smart windows, according to
39、 Paragraph 4? （ A） Windows that are coated. （ B） Windows that are glazed. （ C） Windows the color of which can be changed. （ D） Windows that have many layers. 34 To make electrochromic windows change color, what is applied to the window glass? （ A） Electricity. （ B） Tungsten oxide. （ C） A battery. （
40、D） A voltage. 35 What will be the benefit if the research on smart windows turns out to be successful, according to the last paragraph? （ A） The buildings will look different. （ B） Windows can be as large as you want. （ C） We may not need air conditioners any more. （ D） They are less expensive than
41、traditional windows. 35 “Hidden“ Species May Be Surprisingly Common Cryptic species animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlif
42、e management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution. Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat, in Frankfurt,
43、 Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographieal regions. Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominan
44、tly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered. “ Says Pfenninger. Until the genetic
45、 information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist. “It could be as high as 30%. “ Pfenninger says. “Im extremely surprised by their results. “ Says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. “Its a call to ar
46、ms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. “ Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide ho
47、w many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom. Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently list
48、ed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union ( WCU ) . The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences. In the early 1900
49、s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. “The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with. “ Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he says, because it is not clear what Species was being studied. 36 Whic
