1、职称英语（理工类） A级模拟试卷 4及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The team usually wear shirts with red and white vertical stripes. （ A） horizontal （ B） wavy （ C） diagonal （ D） upright 2 He described the shape of the pot with a circular motion of his hand. （
2、A） shaped （ B） gravitational （ C） square （ D） round 3 We thought the arrangement was permanent, but apparently it wasnt. （ A） everlasting （ B） regular （ C） temporary （ D） full-time 4 The authors cousin Harry quite clearly had a rather weird sense of humour. （ A） fanciful （ B） eerie （ C） strange （ D）
3、 outlandish 5 The Minister admitted unwillingly that his Department had been “remiss“. （ A） assented （ B） acceded （ C） conceded （ D） concurred 6 Mother told me to take an umbrella with me; it might come in handy, she said. （ A） be convenient （ B） be useful （ C） get cloudy （ D） start raining 7 It is
4、a level that must extend beyond purely biological needs to comprise a set of indispensable machines and social interactions. （ A） consist （ B） surround （ C） encompass （ D） confine 8 In a world in which hunger remains prevalent, machines and organizations hold the key to producing more food and distr
5、ibuting it equitably. （ A） rampant （ B） disorderly （ C） trendy （ D） conventional 9 For many years the poor woman was a virtual prisoner in her own home. （ A） a real prisoner （ B） a prisoner by law （ C） an unreal prisoner （ D） in effect a prisoner 10 The new dentist is much better than his predecesso
6、r. （ A） his previous boss （ B） his ancestor （ C） the previous dentist （ D） his forefather 11 Could you condense all the worthwhile information in this book into a few pages? （ A） compress （ B） collect （ C） combine （ D） convert 12 In the near future we can look for more women in leadership roles. （ A
7、） observe （ B） engage （ C） choose （ D） expect 13 The synergy of humans, society and machines is the fundmental cause of the unparalleled material prosperity of many nations. （ A） unpopular （ B） unpredictable （ C） unquestionable （ D） unprecedented 14 Machines are designed to help restore our intrinsi
8、c system of checks and balances of our biology. （ A） genetic （ B） innate （ C） internal （ D） inert 15 We become susceptible to the moods and feelings, the behavior and treatment of our spouse, （ A） responsible （ B） suspicious （ C） committed （ D） vulnerable 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句
9、子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Even plants can run a fever, especially when they re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet awaystraight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared(红
10、外线 ) scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide(杀虫剂 ) spraying rather than rain poison on
11、a whole field, which invariably includes plants that dont have pest(害虫 ) problems. Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems before they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by
12、crops. The data Were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running “fevers“. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would. The bad news is that Paley s company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the n
13、ew technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. “This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricult
14、ural land in the United States,“ says George Oerther of Texas A in winter months in Montreal, Canada, for instance, citizens can escape the cold in an underground complex complete with shops and even health clinics. In Tokyo builders are planning a massive underground city to be begun in the next de
15、cade, and underground shopping malls are already common in Japan, where 90 percent of the population is squeezed into 20 percent of the landspace. 4. Building big commercial buildings underground can be a way to avid disfiguring r threatening a beautiful or environ-mentally sensitive landscape. Inde
16、ed many of the buildings which consume most land-such as cinemas, supermarkets, theatres, warehouses or libraries have no need to be on the surface since they do not need windows. 5. There are big advantages, too, when it comes to private homes. A developrrient of 194 houses which would take up 14 h
17、ectares of land above ground would occupy 2.7 hectares below it, while the number of roads would be halved. Under several metres of earth, noise is minimal and insulation is excellent. We get 40 to 50 enquiries a week, says Peter Carpenter, secretary of the British Earth Sheltering Association, whic
18、h builds similar homes in Britain. people see this as a way of building for the future. An underground dweller himself, Carpenter has never paid a heating bill, thanks to solar panels and natural insulation. 6. In Europe, the obstacle has been conservative local authorities and developers who prefer
19、 to ensure quick sales with conventional mass-produced housing. But the Dutch development was greeted with undisguised relief by South Limburg planners because of Hollands chronic shortage of land. It was the Tilburg architect Jo Hurkmans who hit on the idea of making use of noise embankments on mai
20、n roads. His two-floored, four-bedroomed, two-bathroomed detached homes are now taking shape. They are not so much below the earth as in it, he says. All the light will come through the glass front, which runs from the second floor ceiling to the ground. Areas which do not need much natural lighting
21、 are at the back. The living accommodation is to the front so nobody notices that the back is dark. 23 A. An Underground Home Is Discovered B. Some Buildings Do Not Require Natural Light C. A Designer Describes His Houses D. Homes Sold Before Completion E. Demands on Space and Energy Are Reduced F.
22、Developing Underground Services Around the World 23 Paragraph 3 _ 24 Paragraph 4 _ 25 Paragraph 5 _ 26 Paragraph 6 _ 27 A. they sell more quickly B. were known for their under ground home C. the plans for future homes D. noise embankment E. a natural environment F. South Limberg Planners 27 Dutch ma
23、n Frank Siegmund and his family _ 28 Many developers prefer mass-produced houses because _ 29 The Dutch development was welcomed by _ 30 Hurkmans houses are built into_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 In an average winter, highway departments spread some ten m
24、illion tons of salt to keep roads safe. The corrosive effects are well known, but for years they re been dismissed with the argument that at around $ 25 a ton, salt is far cheaper than any alternative. Lately, economists have added up the actual costs. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates t
25、hat salt-induced road damage and vehicle corrosion cost $ 3 billion a year. That does not include damage to underground cables, which adds hundreds of millions to utility bills. Nor does it reflect the cost of brine leaking into porous water pipes, threatening the water supply. Salty water leaches i
26、nto roadbeds, kills evergreens and poisons streams. The various costs probably add another $ 2 billion to the national salt bill. Scientists estimate the full economic, or “life cycle,“ cost for a ton of salt at $ 500, or 20 times the $ 25 purchase price. That begins to make the switch to calcium ma
27、gnesium acetate, perhaps the most promising alternative look practical. CMA, made from acetic acid and dolomitic(含白石的 ) lime, costs $ 600 a ton and has minimal adverse effect. Some researchers believe the cost can be halved by making CMA from waste cheese whey or pulp-mill effluent. While CMA and ot
28、her alternatives are being researched, many cities and states are cutting back on their use of salt. Keeping dispensing equipment in good repair helps reduce the amount spread. 31 Salt spread on road in winter may cause all the following problems except _. （ A） road damage （ B） vehicle corrosion （ C
29、） damage of underground cables （ D） car accident 32 Which of the following statements about salt is Not True? （ A） For many years people have been unaware of the many problems of salt including its corrosive effects. （ B） Salt is the cheapest among its many alternatives with its purchase price of $
30、25 a ton. （ C） The national bill of salt may reach as high as $ 5 billion a year. （ D） The economic cost of salt is still lower than the cost of CMA. 33 Why is CMA favoured to salt? Because _. （ A） it is less expensive （ B） it has minimal adverse effect （ C） people like it better than salt （ D） high
31、way departments want to have a change 34 In the last sentence, “the amount“ is referred to that of_. （ A） CMA （ B） salt （ C） other alternatives （ D） either of the above 35 According to the author, when can CMA be applied to the road? （ A） In the near future. （ B） Right now. （ C） After its cost halve
32、d. （ D） Cannot tell from the passage. 36 After the violent earthquake that shook Los Angeles in 1994, earthquake scientists had good news to report: The damage and death toll could have been much worse. More than 60 people died in this earthquake. By comparison, an earthquake of similar intensity th
33、at shook America in 1988 claimed 25,000 victims. Injuries and deaths were relatively less in Los Angeles because the quake occurred at 4:31 a. m. On a holiday, when traffic was light on the citys highways. In addition, changes made to the construction codes in Los Angeles during the last 20 years ha
34、ve strengthened the citys buildings and highways, making them more resistant to quakes. Despite the good news, civil engineers arent resting on their successes. Pinned to their drawing boards are blueprints for improved quake - re - sistant buildings. The new designs should offer even greater securi
35、ty to cities where earthquakes often take place. In the past, making structures quake-resistant meant firm yet flexible materials, such as steel and wood, that bend without breaking. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its f
36、oundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. The most recent designs give buildings brains as well as concrete and steel supports. Called smart buildings, the structures respond like living organisms to an earthquakes vibrations. When the ground shakes and the building tips forward, the comp
37、uter would force the building to shift in the opposite direction. The new smart structures could be very expensive to build. However, they would save many lives and would be less likely to be damaged during earthquakes. 36 One reason why the loss of lives in the Los Angeles earthquake was comparativ
38、ely low is that _. （ A） new computers had been installed in the buildings （ B） large numbers of Los Angeles residents had gone for a holiday （ C） it occurred in the residential areas rather than on the highways （ D） improvements had been made in the construction of buildings and highways 37 The func
39、tion of the computer mentioned in the passage is to_. （ A） measure the impact of an earthquakes vibrations （ B） help strengthen the foundation of the building （ C） predict the coming of an earthquake with accuracy （ D） counterbalance an earthquakes action on the building 38 The smart buildings discu
40、ssed in the passage _. （ A） can reduce the ground vibrations caused by earthquakes （ B） would be worthwhile though costly （ C） would not be worthwhile （ D） would cause serious financial problems 39 It can be inferred from the passage that in minimizing the damage caused by earthquakes attention shou
41、ld be focused on _. （ A） the increasing use of rubber and steel in capital construction （ B） the reduction of the impact of ground vibrations （ C） the development of flexible building materials （ D） early forecasts of earthquakes 40 The authors main purpose in writing this passage is to_. （ A） compa
42、re the consequences of the earthquakes that occurred in the U. S. （ B） outline the history of the development of quake- resistant building materials （ C） report new developments in constructing quake - resistant buildings （ D） encourage civil engineers to make more extensive use of computers 41 Sinc
43、e about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understands these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differen
44、ces in the way the brain is organized. You can t look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong. In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning d
45、isabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning disabled person, however, these ceils were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve ceil
46、s were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together. The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities mainly resultes from problems in the left side of
47、the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there didnt connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed. Other researchers didnt examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brains ele
48、ctrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals. Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Childrens Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Dr. Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the
49、brain. Dr. Dully said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side. 41 Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning disabled person differ from those of a normal person in _. （ A） structure and function （ B） color and function （ C） size and arrangement （ D） color and arrangement 42 Which of the following is not mentioned? （ A） Learning disabilities may result from the unknown a
