1、职称英语（理工类） B级模拟试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 She was close to success. （ A） fast （ B） quick （ C） near （ D） tight 2 The two girls look alike. （ A） beautiful （ B） similar （ C） pretty （ D） attractive 3 The boy is intelligent. （ A） clever （ B
2、） naughty （ C） difficult （ D） active 4 Everybody was glad to see Mary back. （ A） sorry （ B） sad （ C） angry （ D） happy 5 What is your goal in life? （ A） plan （ B） aim （ C） arrangement （ D） idea 6 Jack is a diligent student. （ A） hardworking （ B） ambitious （ C） lazy （ D） slow 7 Mary said mildly that s
3、he was just curious. （ A） gently （ B） shyly （ C） weakly （ D） wildly 8 Practically all animals communicate through sounds. （ A） Clearly （ B） Almost （ C） Absolutely （ D） Basically 9 The story was very touching. （ A） inspiring （ B） boring （ C） moving （ D） absorbing 10 I wasnt qualified for the job real
4、ly, but I got it anyhow. （ A） somehow （ B） anyway （ C） anywhere （ D） somewhere 11 She was a puzzle. （ A） girl （ B） woman （ C） problem （ D） mystery 12 Her speciality is heart surgery. （ A） region （ B） site （ C） field （ D） platform 13 France has kept intimate links with its former African territories.
5、 （ A） friendly （ B） private （ C） strong （ D） secret 14 You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly. （ A） spread （ B） mixed （ C） beaten （ D） covered 15 The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society. （ A） destroyed （ B） broke （ C） smashed （ D） changed 二、 阅读
6、判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 16 Magaplane (巨型飞机 ) The Boeing Corp. and Europes Airbus consortium (财团 ) are preparing to offer bigger airplanes to the worlds airlines. Now that talks on a joint project have broke
7、n down, Boeing is pushing a stretched (拓展的 ) version of 747, and Airbus is designing an all-new aircraft, known as the A3XX. Seating 550 passengers in the basic model, and 650 in a stretched version, the 1.2 million pound A3XX will not only be the largest airplane in the world, but it will also be o
8、ne of the most advanced. The outer wings and the horizontal stabilizer (as big as a smaller jets wing) will be made of carbon-fiber composite materials, and will be the largest such structures on any aircraft except the B-2 stealth bomber (隐形轰炸机 ). Metal skins will be welded (焊接 ) together with lase
9、rs, removing thousands of fasteners. When a strong wind strikes the A3XXs 260-foot wing, movable control surfaces will prevent it from flexing (扭曲 ) like a giant spring. This will make the ride smoother and will save weight by reducing the load on the wing spars (翼梁 ). A flexible-skinned flap (副翼 )
10、will subtly change the wings curvature (曲面 ) to match the airplanes changing weight as it burns fuel on each journey. The A3XX will carry up to 1,600 meals, filling more than 100 food and beverage (饮料 ) carts. To make more room for passengers, Airbus plans to put the carts in the lower hold; automat
11、ic conveyors and elevators will deliver them to the two passenger decks. Airlines have asked Airbus to look at extra features ranging from lower-deck sleeper cabins to a childrens playroom. 16 Airbus expects to offer the A3XX to airlines in 1998, and cleliver the first aircraft in 2003. The basic mo
12、del of A3XX can carry more than 500 passengers. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 A3XX will fly faster while consuming less oil. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 A3XX will be bigger than the B-2 stealth bomber. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 No fasteners will be use
13、d in building A3XX because all components will be welded together. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 The wing of A3XX will not be spoiled when it is stricken by a strong wind because its surface are designed to be movable. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Airbus plans to build a
14、 mini-restaurant in the lower hold of A3XX. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 The first A3XX will be available in 2003. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选
15、项。 23 Volts from the Sky Lightning has caused awe and wonder since old times. Although Benjamin Franklin demonstrated lightning as an enormous electrical discharge more than 200 years ago, many puzzles still surround this powerful phenomenon. Lightning is generated when electrical charges separate i
16、n rain clouds, though processesare still not fully understood. Typically, positive charges build at the cloud top, while the bottom becomes negatively charged. In most instances of cloud-to-ground lightning, the negatively charged lower portion of the cloud repels negatively charged particles on the
17、 grounds surfaces, making it become positively charged. The positive charge on the ground gathers at elevated points. A flow of electrons begins between the cloud and earth. When the voltage charge becomes large enough, it breaks through the insulating barrier of air, and electrons zigzag earthward.
18、 We see the discharge as lightning. Lightning can occur within a cloud, between clouds, or between clouds and the ground. The first variety, intra-cloud lightning, is the most frequent but is often hidden from our view. Cloud-to-ground lightning, making up about 20 percent of lightning discharges, i
19、s what we usually see. Lightning comes in several forms, including sheet, ribbon, and ball. Intra-cloud lightning can illuminate a cloud so it looks like a white sheet, hence its name. When cloud-to-ground lightning occurs during strong winds, they can shift the lightning channel sideways, so it loo
20、ks like a ribbon. The average lightning strike is more than 3 miles long and can travel at a tenth of the speed of light. Ball lightning, the rarest and most mysterious form, derives its name from the small luminous ball that appears near the impact point, moves horizontally, and lasts for several s
21、econds. Thunder is generated by the tremendous heat released in a lightning discharge. Temperatures near the discharge can reach as high as 50,000F within thousandths of a second. This sudden heating acts as an explosion, generating shock waves we hear as thunder. About 2,000 thunderstorms are occur
22、ring in the world at any time, generating about 100 lightning strikes every second, or 8 million daily. Within the United States, lightning strikes are estimated at 20 million a year, or about 22,000 per day. You have a 1-in-600,000 chance of being struck by lightning during your lifetime. Lightning
23、 can strike twice or more in the same spot. The Empire State Building in New York is struck by lightning about two dozen times annually. You can measure how far you are from a lightning strike by counting the seconds between viewing the flash and hearing the bang, and then dividing by five. This app
24、roximates the mileage. 23 A. Cloud-to-ground lightening occurring in the US B. Types of lightening C. Cause of lightening D. Differences between thunder and thunderstorm E. Frequencies of thunderstorms occurring in the world and the US 23 Paragraphs 2 and 3 _. 24 Paragraph 4 _. 25 Paragraph 5 _. 26
25、Paragraph 6 _. 27 A. occurs most infrequently B. is shifted sideways by strong winds C. is often hidden from our view D. is equipped with a good knowledge of various forms of lightening E. is estimated at 20 millions a year F. is positively charged 27 In most cases of cloud-to-ground lightening, the
26、 grounds surface _. 28 One form of lightening that is ball lightening. 29 Cloud lightening looks like a ribbon when its lighting channel _. 30 Although not fully understanding processes of lightening, man _. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 31 The Gene Industry Maj
27、or companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes in the automobile to monitor exhaust and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls “metal-hungry microbes th
28、at might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water“. They have already demanded and won the right to patent new lifeforms. Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry in the entire biotechnological fiel
29、d. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills“ that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possi
30、bilities that stagger the imagination. Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creating pilots
31、 with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate “inferior“ people and breed a “super-race“? (Hitler tried this, but without the genetic weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.) Should we produce soldiers to do
32、 our fighting? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit“ babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank“ full of spare kidney, lives or hands? Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates (and opposers) in the scie
33、ntific community as well as its striking commercial application.-As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “Broad Scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles, vac
34、cines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created“. 31 According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engine could probably be checked by _. （ A） usi
35、ng metal-hungry microbes （ B） making use of enzymes （ C） adjusting the engine （ D） patenting new life forms 32 According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most? （ A） The unanticipated explosion of population. （ B） The creation of biological solar cells. （ C） The acci
36、dental spill of oil. （ D） The unexpected release of destructive nficrobes. 33 Which of the following notions is NOT mentioned? （ A） Developing a “savings bank“ of ones organs. （ B） Breeding soldiers for a war. （ C） Producing people with cow-like stomachs. （ D） Using genetic forecasting to cure disea
37、ses. 34 According to the passage, Hitler attempted to _. （ A） changed the pilots biologically to win the war （ B） develop genetic farming for food supply （ C） kill the people he thought of as inferior （ D） encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war 35 What dose Jeremy Riflcin and Ted H
38、owards statement imply? （ A） The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable. （ B） American will depend on other countries for biological progress. （ C） Americans are proud of their countries for biological progress. （ D） The potential application of each new genetic advance should
39、 be controlled. 36 Common-cold Sense You cant beat it, but you dont have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold“ because its more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesnt have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so fa
40、r, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one. Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than the
41、ir parents? Simple. They havent had the oppommity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same One twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it but only it. Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughi
42、ng. From another person s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other sm6oth surfaces. Hygiene is your best defense. Wa
43、sh your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds. But even careful hygiene wont ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing,sneezing, runny nose strikes? The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a
44、 good place to start. But youll also find some of the folk remedies, worth Wing. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits. rhinovirus n. 鼻病毒 immune adj. 免疫的，有免疫力的 disinfectant n.消毒剂，杀菌剂 prescription n. (1)诀窍 (2)处方，药方 sneeze vi.打喷嚏 thumbnail n.拇指甲 36 Accordingtothe essay,
45、 you may have a cold because _. （ A） the weather is too cold （ B） the spread of rhinovimses gets people infected （ C） another persons coughing passes the cold to you （ D） you wash your hands too often 37 The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is _. （ A） to keep yourself clean （ B） to use a
46、 disinfectant soap （ C） to take two aspirins every day （ D） to drink lots of water 38 Children have more colds because _. （ A） they are usually infected about eight times each year （ B） they are not immune to many cold viruses yet （ C） they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirty （
47、 D） they dont like eating lemon 39 When you are having a cold, _. （ A） it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time （ B） it may be the same kind of cold that you had last time （ C） it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time （ D） it is probably not the same kind of
48、cold that you had last time 40 When one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT _. （ A） coughing （ B） having a sore throat （ C） having a runny nose （ D） having a stomachache 41 “Salty“ Rice Plant Boosts Harvests British scientists are breeding a new generation of rice p
49、lants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex Universitys School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty. The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences R
