1、职称英语（综合类） ABC级综合模拟试卷 12及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 According to some observers, television has acquired a disquieting monopoly over peoples leisure time. （ A） recent （ B） business （ C） noisy （ D） troubling 2 Professor Smith continued his r
2、esearch work and disregarded his colleagues advice. （ A） ignored （ B） deplored （ C） explored （ D） implored 3 Before the development of movable metal type in the mid-fifteenth century, news was disseminated by word of mouth, by letter, or by public notice. （ A） organized （ B） requested （ C） distribut
3、ed （ D） limited 4 Corn, domesticated by the American Indians, was brought to Europe by Columbus. （ A） trained （ B） cultivated （ C） implanted （ D） reared 5 Of all the wild dogs, none is more closely related to the domesticated dog than the wolf. （ A） ordinary （ B） tame （ C） faithful （ D） hunting 6 Th
4、e dominant theme in the music is of tranquility and peacefulness. （ A） major （ B） final （ C） copious （ D） sluggish 7 During their winter hibernation period, bears doze. （ A） sleep lightly （ B） lose fur （ C） go hungry （ D） have babies 8 The municipal home-rule system used in many United States cities
5、 gives a city the right to draft its own charter. （ A） enforce （ B） make revisions in （ C） draw up （ D） have 9 The Little Foxes, a drama by Lillian Hellman, was first produced in New York in 1939. （ A） play （ B） novel （ C） musical （ D） dance 10 The new wing of the National Art Gallery in Washington,
6、 D. C., drew twenty-two thousand visitors on its opening day. （ A） captivated （ B） attracted （ C） entertained （ D） fascinated 11 Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawback. （ A） property （ B） additive （ C） disadvantage （ D） disparity 12 A
7、 long journey in cold weather is dreadfully tiring. （ A） unfortunately （ B） terribly （ C） noticeably （ D） predictably 13 The manchineel tree has smooth, pale brown bark and long, drooping branches. （ A） spindly （ B） prickly （ C） sagging （ D） blossoming 14 A drop in the overall price of goods and ser
8、vices may signal a period of deflation. （ A） A freeze （ B） A pattern （ C） A fall （ D） An interest 15 The drought destroyed the crops in the Southwest of the United States. （ A） dry period （ B） precipitation （ C） locusts （ D） temperature extreme 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对
9、每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Learning Disorder Dyslexia As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder called dyslexia. Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with
10、dyslexia use information in a different way. One of the worlds great thinkers and scientists Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do. He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dys
11、lexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia arc different. In most people, the left side of
12、 the brain the part that controls language is larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often i
13、n persons who are left-handed. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a babys body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of tea
14、ching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative. 16 One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.
15、（ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago. （ A） Right （ B） wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Generally
16、speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-handed females. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a babys mother. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent o
17、r creative once they have learned to handle language properly. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选 项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Earth Angels 1 Joying Brescia was 8 years old when she notic
18、ed that cigarette butts (烟头 ) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, South Carolina. When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of a cigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action. Joying launched a “No Butts on the Beach“ campaign. She raised money and awareness a
19、bout the need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also bought or received donations of gallon- size plastic ice-cream buckets. The buckets were filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. The buckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes befor
20、e hit- ting the beach. Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach in nearly free of cigarette debris (残片 ). 2 People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado, have Carter Dunham to thank for a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many specie
21、s of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area around the Yampa River. The plan was part of a class project when Carter was a freshman at Steamboat Springs High School. Working with the Colorado Division of Wildlife, Carter and his classmates mapped the area and specie
22、s of animals living there. They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences and parking areas should be built. 3 Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. It started as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed her father using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm
23、in Victoria, Texas. They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water a real danger in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land. The girls researched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company on the issue. Now, the “Dont Be Crude“ p
24、rogram runs oil-collection sites tanks that hold up to 460 gallons where people in the community can dispose of their oil. 4 Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac was a little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africa to have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when
25、he learned that people were dying because they didnt have clean water, and that as little as $ 70 could build a well. “We really take water for granted,“ says Ryan, of Kemptville, Ontario, in Canada. “In other countries, you have to plan for it.“Ryan earned the first $ 70 by doing extra chores (零工 )
26、, but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousands of dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryans Well Foundation, which raises money for clean water and health-related services for people in African countries and developing countries. 23 A Provide Clean Water B Dig Oil
27、Wells C Save Clean Water D Dont Litter E Dont Be Crude F Protect Wildlife 23 Paragraph 1_ 24 Paragraph 2_ 25 Paragraph 3_ 26 Paragraph 4_ 27 A make new materials B preserve wetland and animals C have clean air D have clean water E collect cigarette butts F collect disposed oil 27 Joying placed the b
28、uckets at all public-access areas to_ 28 People are grateful to Carter Dunham for his efforts to_ 29 Disposed oil and many other items can be reused to_ 30 Ryan, with the help of others, is fulfilling his dream of help African people to _ 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1
29、个最佳选项。 30 Colors Associated with Feeling and Attitudes We all associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means“ tradition“, and red means “social change“. But blue can also mean sadness ( Im feeling blue ), white is often for purity, although in China white is worn for
30、funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding, in Western Europe white is worn at weddings and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selection colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, lik
31、e ice ); cereals often come in brown packets ( like wheat fields ), but cosmetics never come in brown jars ( dirty !). Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night br
32、ought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism (新陈代谢 ); day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore, is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity.
33、 In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms: either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; self-preservation by its complement green. 31 In Luschers view, the association o
34、f colors with feeling and attitudes can be traced back to_. （ A） the association of day and night with passivity and action in ancient time （ B） the association of black with funerals in Western Europe （ C） the association of white with purity in some countries （ D） the association of red with joy i
35、n China 32 Which of the following is NOT true? _. （ A） Dark blue brings tragedy. （ B） Dark blue means tradition. （ C） Dark blue represents night. （ D） Dark blue indicates quietness. 33 Soap powders come in white and light blue packets to_. （ A） resemble ice （ B） show quality （ C） suggest purity （ D）
36、 attract customers 34 In Luschers view, which of the following colors is associated with defense? _. （ A） Red. （ B） Blue. （ C） Dark. （ D） Green. 35 According to the passage, what kind of people would probably favor yellow? _. （ A） People who are passive and conservative. （ B） People who are creative
37、 and aggressive. （ C） People who are hopeful and active. （ D） People who are ideal and dreamy. 35 Anthropology Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, whic
38、h distinguish one community from all others that belong to a different tradition. The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant
39、as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization. To the anthropologist, our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for dealing with a common problem, and in so far as he remains an anthropologis
40、t he is bound to avoid any weighting of one in favor of the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition whatsoever. He is interested in a wide range of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is
41、 to understand the way in which these cultures change and differentiate, the different forms through which they express themselves and the manner in which the customs of any people function in the lives of the individuals. Now customs has been commonly regarded as a subject of any great moment. The
42、inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can
43、 ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays inexperience and belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest. 36 According to the passage, we can say that anthropology_. （ A） c
44、an reveal an enormous diversity of traditions （ B） can deal with human beings as one group of the creatures in the living world （ C） can provide insights into the relationship between human beings and nature （ D） can distinguish the human race from other creatures 37 For serious study, an anthropolo
45、gist _. （ A） is obliged to work only on those societies which have no historical relationship to each other （ B） must not study his own culture （ C） is not supposed to have a prejudice against any society （ D） should focus on those societies which are historically related to each other 38 Which of t
46、he following does the author most probably agree with? _. （ A） The goal of the anthropologist is to understand the way in which people express themselves. （ B） The anthropologist tries to understand why cultures are carried on without any change. （ C） The anthropologists professional interest is as
47、wide as the variety of customs. （ D） All of the above. 39 In the third paragraph, the author is trying_. （ A） to be critical of custom （ B） to say that anthropology is more important than psychology （ C） to strengthen the role custom plays in experience and belief （ D） to draw our attention to the i
48、mportance of custom 40 Which of the following is the best title for the passage? _. （ A） The Science of Custom （ B） Creatures of Society （ C） Human Behavior （ D） The Functions of Cultures 40 Sleep For millions of years before the appearance of the electric light, shift work, all-night cable TV and t
49、he Internet, Earths creatures evolved on a planet with predictable and reassuring 24-hour rhythms. Our biological clocks are set for this daily cycle. Simply put, our bodies want to sleep at night and be awake during the day. Most women and men need between eight and eight and a halfhours of sleep a night to function properly throughout their lives. (Contrary to popul
