1、职称英语（综合类） A级模拟试卷 30及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 They have given up the hope to save their friend from drowning. （ A） ended （ B） abandoned （ C） built （ D） strengthen 2 I seldom watch TV. （ A） rarely （ B） frequently （ C） normally （ D） occasio
2、nally 3 The dentist has decided to take out the girls bad tooth. （ A） dig （ B） draw （ C） pull （ D） extract 4 These are their motives for doing it. （ A） reasons （ B） excuses （ C） answers （ D） plans 5 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west. （ A） twists （ B） stretches （ C） broadens （ D
3、） bends 6 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs. （ A） abuse （ B） flavor （ C） temptation （ D） consumption 7 A great deal has been done to remedy the situation. （ A） maintain （ B） improve （ C） assess （ D） protect 8 You look smart in the new suit. （ A） clever （ B） handsome （ C） loyal （ D） brave 9 He ha
4、snt the funds to carry out his design. （ A） make （ B） keep （ C） change （ D） implement 10 I was astonished at the news of his escape. （ A） amused （ B） amounted （ C） amazed （ D） approached 11 Its almost 5 oclock, time to quit. （ A） increase （ B） stop （ C） continue （ D） keep 12 Relief workers were shoc
5、ked by what they saw. （ A） moved （ B） touched （ C） surprised （ D） worried 13 The weather is a constant subject of conversation in Britain. （ A） question （ B） problem （ C） title （ D） topic 14 This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language. （ A） particular （ B） characteristic
6、 （ C） remarkable （ D） idiomatic 15 It is virtually impossible to persuade him to apply for the job. （ A） simply （ B） almost （ C） totally （ D） completely 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判 断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Computer Virus The c
7、omputer virus is an outcome of the computer overgrowth in the 1980s. The cause of the term “computer virus“ is the likeness between the biological virus and the evil program infected with computers. The origin of this term came from an American science fiction“The Adolescence of P l“writ-ten by Thom
8、as J . Ryan, published in 1977. Human viruses invade a living cell and turn it into a factory for manufacturing viruses. However, computer viruses are small programs. They replicate by attaching a copy of themselves to another program. Once attached to host Program, the viruses then look for other p
9、rograms to “infect“. In this way, the virus can spread quickly throughout a hard disk or an entire organization when it infects a LAN or a multi user system. At some point, determined by how the virus was programmed the virus attacks. The timing of the attack can be linked to a number of situations,
10、 including a certain time or date, the presence of a particular file, the security privilege level of the user, and the number of times a file is used. Likewise, the mode of attack varies. So called “benign“ viruses might simply display a message, like the one that infected IBMs main computer system
11、 last Christmas with a seasons greeting. Malignant viruses are designed to damage the system. The attack is to wipe out data, to delete flies or to format the hard disk. What Kind of Viruses Are There? There are four main types of viruses: shell, intrusive, operating system and source ode. Shell vir
12、uses wrap themselves around a host program and dont modify the original program. Shell programs are easy to write, which is why about half of viruses are of this type. Intrusive viruses Invade an existing program and actually insert a portion of themselves into the host program. Intrusive viruses ar
13、e hard to write and very difficult to remove without damaging the host file. 16 The term “computer virus“ came from an American science fiction “The Adolescence of P 1“. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 The virus that infected IBMs main computer system last Christmas was designed to damag
14、e the system. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 There are two kinds of attack modes. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 If the development of computers was controlled there will be no computer virus. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 Computer virus spread more quickly wh
15、en it infects a LAN than a multi user system. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Four main types of viruses are illustrated in detail. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 You have to damage the host file if you want to remove Intrusive virus. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned
16、 三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项 测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 English and English Community 1. There is no doubt that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in th
17、e world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. 2. A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood(街 坊 ), a village, or a city. More often they form a whole countr
18、y. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live. 3. We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For conve
19、nience(方便 ), we may divide the speakers into two groups;one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on. 4. Learning a second language extends ones vision and expands
20、the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional(虚构的 )lives of people and their culture; a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which
21、the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage. A. Threat Posed by English B. Definition of a Speech Community C. Benefits of Learning a Second Language D. Advantages of Learning Chinese E. Two Groups of the English Speech Community F. A Widely Used Language 23 Para
22、graph 1_. 24 Paragraph 2_. 25 Paragraph 3 _. 26 Paragraph 4 _. 26 A. a second language B. the same language C. the same speech community D. any other language E. national boundaries F. a part of ones heritage 27 Overall there are more speakers of Chinese than of_. 28 The boundaries of a speech commu
23、nity may be different from_. 29 People who live in different places may belong to_. 30 Many people learn English as_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请 根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 A Gay Biologist Molecular biologist Dean Hamer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He s
24、mokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter of factly gay. What is it that makes Hamer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for
25、 the talents and traits that make up anyones personality? Hamer is not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hamer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable ex
26、tent, his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions. That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hamers creative new book, Living with Our Genes
27、. “You have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality. “ Hamer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, “as you do in the shape of your nose or the size of your feet. “ Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psycholog
28、ists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes on studies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seve
29、n years ago, Hamer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation. Hamer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research, after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade st
30、udying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hamer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to. “Frankly, 1 was bored, “ he remembers, “and ready for something new. “ Homosexual
31、 behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject. “Im gay, “ Hamer says with a shrug, “but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity and the fact that no one el
32、se was doing this sort of research. “ 31 The first paragraph describes Hamers. （ A） looks, hobbies and character （ B） viewpoint on homosexuality （ C） unique life-style （ D） scientific research work 32 Hamer was a. （ A） psychiatrist （ B） physiologist （ C） chemist （ D） biologist 33 What is Hamer doing
33、 now? （ A） He is exploring the role of genes in deciding ones intelligence. （ B） He is exploring the role of genes in deciding ones personality. （ C） He is writing a book entitled “Live with Our Genes. “ （ D） He is trying to answer some questions on a test paper. 34 What happened to Hamers research
34、interest? （ A） He turned to basic research. （ B） He sticked to basic research. （ C） He turned to behavioral genetics. （ D） He sticked to behavioral genetics. 35 According to Hamer, what was one of the main reasons for him to choose homosexual behavior as his research subject? （ A） He is a gay and he
35、 wants to cure himself. （ B） He was curious about it as a scientist. （ C） He was curious about it like everyone else. （ D） It is a subject that can lead to political success. 35 DNA Fingerprinting DNA is the genetic material found within the cell nuclei of all living things. In mammals the strands o
36、f DNA are grouped into structures called chromosomes. With the exception of identical siblings(as in identical twins), the complete DNA of each individual is unique. DNA fingerprinting is sometimes called DNA typing. It is a method of identification that compares bits of DNA. A DNA fingerprint is co
37、nstructed by first drawing out a DNA sample from body tissue or fluid such as hair, blood, or saliva. The sample is then segmented using enzymes, and the segments are arranged by size. The segments are marked with probes and exposed on X-ray film, where they form a pattern of black bars the DNA fing
38、erprint. If the DNA fingerprints produced from two different samples match, the two samples probably came from the same person. DNA fingerprinting was first developed as all identification technique in 1985. Originally used to detect the presence of genetic diseases, it soon came to be used in crimi
39、nal investigations and legal affairs. The first criminal conviction based on DNA evidence in the United States occurred in 1988. In criminal investigations, DNA fingerprints derived from evidence collected at the crime scene are compared to the DNA fingerprints of suspects. Generally, courts have ac
40、cepted the reliability of DNA testing and admitted DNA test results into evidence. However, DNA fingerprinting is controversial in a number of areas:the accuracy of the results, the cost of testing, and the possible misuse of the technique. The accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged for
41、several reasons. First, because DNA segments rather than complete DNA strands are “fingerprinted“: a DNA fingerprint may not be unique; large-scale research to confirm the uniqueness of DNA fingerprinting test results has not been conducted. In addition, DNA fingerprinting is often done in private l
42、aboratories that may not follow uniform testing standards and quality controls. Also, since human beings must interpret the test, human error could lead to false results. DNA fingerprinting is expensive. Suspects who are unable to provide their own DNA to experts may not be able to successfully defe
43、nd themselves against charges based on DNA evidence. Widespread use of DNA testing for identification purposes may lead to the establishment of a DNA fingerprint database. 36 According to the essay, we can find chromosomes_. （ A） in a fish （ B） in a tree （ C） in a sheep （ D） in a rock 37 DNA fingerp
44、rinting is more often used for_. （ A） obtaining samples of chromosomes （ B） providing evidence in court investigations （ C） proving the horse to be a mammal （ D） printing books about biology 38 When your brother looks exactly like you, your complete DNA may be_. （ A） exactly like his （ B） totally di
45、fferent from his （ C） unique （ D） lost 39 Some people believe that using a DNA fingerprint may not be so reliable because_. （ A） the accuracy of DNA fingerprinting has been challenged （ B） no private laboratory follows uniform testing standards or quality controls （ C） mistakes are possible when res
46、earchers explain the results of their tests （ D） suspects may not have enough money to provide their own DNA to law-courts 40 This essay talks about DNA fingerprinting concerning the following aspects EXCEPT_. （ A） legal application of the method （ B） the way to obtain a DNA sample （ C） work yet to
47、be done about DNA fingerprinting （ D） possible danger in drawing a DNA sample from the human body 40 Mysterious Nazca Drawings One of the most mysterious archaeological spectacles in the world is the immense complex of geo-metrical symbols, giant ground-drawings of birds and animals, and hundreds of
48、 long, ruler-straight lines , some right across mountains, which stretch over 1, 200 square miles of the Peruvian tablelands, at Nazca. Nazca was first revealed to modern eyes in 1926 when three explorers looked down on the desert from a hillside at dusk and briefly saw a Nazca line highlighted by t
49、he rays of the sun. But it was not until the Peruvian airforce took aerial photographs in the 1940s that the full magnificence of the panorama was apparent. Hundreds of what looked like landing strips for aircraft were revealed. There were eighteen bird-like drawings, up to 400 feet long)four-sided figures with two lines parallel; and long needle-like triangles which ran for miles. Among the many abstract patterns were a giant spider, a
