1、职称英语（综合类） B级模拟试卷 41及答案与解析 一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15题，每题 1分，共 15分 ) 下面每个句子中均有 1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。 1 The waitress has been fired because of her rudeness to the customers. （ A） expired （ B） resigned （ C） designed （ D） dismissed 2 When she was invited to the party, she readily accepted. （ A） wi
2、llingly （ B） suddenly （ C） firmly （ D） quickly 3 Einsteins Theory of Relativity was so profound that only a few scientists could understand it. （ A） deep （ B） superior （ C） wide （ D） narrow 4 It is hard for the young people to imagine what severe conditions their parents once lived under. （ A） since
3、re （ B） hard （ C） strict （ D） tight 5 I could easily identify him among the crowd because he was wearing long hair. （ A） prove （ B） define （ C） claim （ D） recognize 6 Only his relatives knew he had a fatal illness. （ A） strange （ B） deadly （ C） serious （ D） unknown 7 Even in a highly modernized coun
4、try, manual work is still needed. （ A） expressive （ B） physical （ C） exaggerated （ D） dubious 8 The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city. （ A） attacked （ B） surprised （ C） attracted （ D） interested 9 The doctors have abandoned the hope to rescue the old man. （ A） left （ B）
5、 given up （ C） turned down （ D） refused 10 Because of the popularity of the region, it is advisable to book hotels in advance. （ A） possible （ B） profitable （ C） easy （ D） wise 11 These factors interact intimately and cannot be separated. （ A） tensely （ B） nearly （ C） carefully （ D） closely 12 She e
6、xhibited great powers of endurance during the climb. （ A） played （ B） sent （ C） showed （ D） told 13 She could not answer, it was an immense load off her heart. （ A） natural （ B） fatal （ C） tiny （ D） enormous 14 The book made a great impact on its readers. （ A） force （ B） influence （ C） surprise （ D）
7、 power 15 Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance. （ A） pleasant （ B） colorful （ C） fashionable （ D） different 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22题，每题 1分，共 7分 ) 下面的短文后列出了 7个句子，请根据短文的内容 对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。 15 Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well? How does i
8、t happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery(精通 )of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed
9、 mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and inexact command(掌握 ). What accounts for this difference? Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning th
10、e mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure. He drinks in(吸收 )all the wor
11、ds and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling(冒泡的 )spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation. Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares w
12、ith others. The child has another advantage; he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or
13、 scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled. Finally, though a childs “teachers“ may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations w
14、ith him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy. 16 Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 17 Adults knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery o
15、f a foreign language. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 18 The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 19 Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children
16、 s success of learning their mother tongue. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 20 A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 21 Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his
17、 native language. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 22 So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher s close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received. （ A） Right （ B） Wrong （ C） Not mentioned 三、 概括大意与完成句子
18、 (第 23-30题，每题 1分，共 8分 ) 下面的短文后有 2项测试任务： (1)第 23-26题要求从所给的 6个选项中为第 2-5段每段选择一个最佳标题； (2)第 27-30题要求从所给的 6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。 22 Adult Education 1 Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpr
19、et their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out new technological developments, seek better self-understanding, or develop new talents and skills. 2 This kind of education may be in the form of self-st
20、udy with proper guidance through the use of libraries , correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations. 3 Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 1
21、9th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place;people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and reeducat
22、ion of adults. 4 The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some fr
23、iends in Philadelphia in 1727. 5 People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education
24、programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs. A. Necessity for Developing Adult Education B. Early Days of Adult Education C. Ways of Receiving Adult Education D. Growth of Adult Education E. Institutions of Adult Education F. Definition of Adult Education 23 Paragraph 2_ 24 Pa
25、ragraph 3_ 25 Paragraph 4_ 26 Paragraph 5_ 26 A. by social and economic changes B. guided self-study and correspondence courses C. by studying together with children D. what they did not manage to learn earlier E. dates back to the eighteenth century F. mass production 27 Some adults want to learn_.
26、 28 There are various forms of adult education, including_. 29 Adult education has been made necessary_. 30 The earliest organized adult education_. 四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45题，每题 3分，共 45分 ) 下面有 3篇短文后有 5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1个最佳选项。 30 Pool Watch Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to not
27、ice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties. Now a French company has developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon tha
28、t sounds the alarm when it sees someone in danger of drowning. When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool, the new system sends an alarm signal to a pool-side monitoring station and a lifeguard s pager. In trials at a pool in Ancenis, near Nantes, it saved a life within just a few months, s
29、ays Alistair McQuade, a spokesman for its maker, Poseidon Technologies. Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overhead video cameras. AI software analyses the images to work out swimmers trajectories. To do this reliably, it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the sha
30、dow of someone being cast onto the bottom or side of the pool. “The underwater environment is a very dynamic one, with many shadows and reflections dancing around, “ says McQuade. The software does this by “projecting“ a shape in its field of view onto an image of the far wall of the pool. It does t
31、he same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different angle. If the two projections are in the same position, the shape is identified as a shadow and is ignored. But if they are different, the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows its trajectory. To pick out potential d
32、rowning victims, anyone in the water who starts to descend slowly is added to the softwares “pre-alert“ list, says McQuade. Swimmers who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger of drowning. Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer, not
33、 a shadow, by seeing whether it obscures the pool s floor texture when viewed from overhead. If so, it alerts the lifeguard, showing the swimmers location on a poolside screen. The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire. One ma
34、n who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis, inventor of the clockwork radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming pools and he was once an underwater escapologist with a circus. “I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives, “ he says. But he adds that any local authority
35、 spending 30, 000-plus on a Poseidon system ought to be investing similar amounts in teaching children to swim. 31 AI means the same as_. （ A） an image （ B） an idea （ C） anyone in the water （ D） artificial intelligence 32 What is required of AI software to save a life? （ A） It must be able to swim.
36、（ B） It must keep walking round the pool. （ C） It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow. （ D） It can save a life within a few months. 33 How does Poseidon save a life? （ A） He plunges into the pool. （ B） It alerts the lifeguard. （ C） He cries for help. （ D） It rushes to the pool. 34 Which o
37、f the following statements about Travor Baylis is NOT true? （ A） He runs. （ B） He invented the clockwork radio. （ C） He was once an entertainer. （ D） He runs a company. 35 The word“considered“in Paragraph 5 could be best replaced by_. （ A） thought （ B） rated （ C） regarded （ D） believed 35 Medical Jo
38、urnals Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals. In the past, these journals were available only in print. With the development of electronic publishing, many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet, and some journals
39、are published only online. A few medical journals, like the Journal of the American Medical Association, are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine. Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine. Medical journals publ
40、ish many types of articles. Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments. Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topi
41、c based on a careful search of the medical literature. Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors, combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing, diagnosing or tre
42、ating a particular disease. Case conferences and case reports may be published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat them. Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors, often regarding a research or review artic
43、le published in the same issue. Editorials provide a perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic. Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments, questions or criticisms about articles published in that journal. 36
44、The main readers of medical journals are_. （ A） the general public （ B） health professionals （ C） medical critics （ D） news reporters 37 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） Many medical journals also are published online. （ B） A few medical journals are general medical journals. （ C）
45、 Most medical journals are published only online. （ D） Most medical journals are specialty journals. 38 How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage? （ A） Five. （ B） Seven. （ C） Four. （ D） Six. 39 An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called_. （
46、 A） a research article （ B） a review article （ C） a case report （ D） an editorial 40 Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on_. （ A） any medical event （ B） articles published in the same issue （ C） articles published in that journal （ D） medical development 40
47、 Nuclear Power and Its Danger Nuclear powers danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word;radiation. Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can t be seen or heard, or touched, or tasted, even though it
48、 may be all around us. There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we cant detect them, sense them, without a radio receiver. Similarly, we can t sense radioactivity without a radiation detector. But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to
49、 human beings and other living things. At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cells in vital organs. But even the lowest level of radiation can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does not hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they are killed outright. Your
