1、阅读同步练习试卷 14及答案与解析 一、 Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on
2、the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. 0 A rapid means of long-distance transportation became a necessity for the United States as settlement (新拓居地 ) spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with trou
3、blesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safe, effective stopping system. Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860 there were thousands of miles of r
4、ailroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines. The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies
5、 to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with the Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project began four years later
6、. The Central Pacific Company, starting from California, used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1869 they met at a place called Promontory in what is now the s
7、tate of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parades and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement. The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and farm
8、ing by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States. 1 The major problems with Americas railroad system in the mid 19th century lay in_. （ A） poor quality rails and unreliable stopping syste
9、ms （ B） lack of financial support for development （ C） limited railroad lines （ D） lack of a transcontinental railroad 2 The building of the first transcontinental system_. （ A） brought about a rapid growth of industry and farming in the west （ B） attracted many visitors to the construction sites （
10、C） attracted laborers from Europe （ D） encouraged people to travel all over the country 3 The best title for this passage would be_. （ A） Settlements Spread Westward （ B） The Coast-to-Coast Railroad; A Vital Link （ C） American Railroad History （ D） The Importance of Trains in the American Economy 4
11、The construction of the transcontinental railroad took_. （ A） 9 years （ B） 4 years （ C） 7 years （ D） 3 years 5 What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad? （ A） The possibility of government support for such a task. （ B） The need to explore Utah. （ C） The need to connect the
12、 east coast with the west. （ D） The need to develop the railroad industry in the west. 5 Populations tend to grow at an exponential (指数的 ) rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate, take one penny and double it every day for one month. After the first
13、 week you would have only 64 cents, but after the fourth week you would have over million dollars. This helps explain why the population has come on “all of a sudden“. It took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a ti
14、me span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years, and in 1979 world population reached 4 billion, which is another billion people in only fifteen years. World population is increasing
15、at a rate of 9 000 per hour, 220 000 per day, 80 million per year. This is not only due to high birth rates, but to lower death rates as well. The number of births has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths. Some countries, such as Colombia, Thailand, Morocco, Costa Rica, and the Phil
16、ippines, are doubling their populations about every twenty-one years, with a growth rate of 3. 3 percent a year or more. The United States is doubling its population about every eighty-seven years, with a rate of 0. 8 percent per year. Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twic
17、e as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people, it is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries. 6 This passage chiefly discusses_. （ A） the growth of world population in recent years （ B） on
18、e type of the exponential rate （ C） the population problem of the more rapidly growing countries （ D） the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth 7 According to the passage, what helps to explain why the population problem has come on “all of a sudden“? （ A） The penny which doubles
19、 itself every day for one month. （ B） The time span of at least two million years in human history. （ C） An illustration of the exponential growth rate given by the author. （ D） The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week. 8 It took_for the world to increase its population
20、 from 1 billion to 4 billion. （ A） 100 years （ B） 149 years （ C） 19 years （ D） over two million years 9 Which of the following statements is NOT true? （ A） World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minute. （ B） Lower death rate also contributes to world population growth. （ C） The populati
21、on of Colombia has been doubling every year for 21 years. （ D） The United States is usually doubling its population about every 87 years. 10 When a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including （ A） hospitals and medicines （ B） schools and students （ C） food a
22、nd manpower resources （ D） all of the above 10 Whether the eyes are “the windows of the soul“ is debatable! that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a babys life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not
23、 be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile (侧面 ). This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In
24、 one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers back, infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultu
25、res. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode (把 编码 ) or decode (译解 ) meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the “proper place to focus ones gaze during a conversation in Japan is on the neck of ones conversation partner. “ The role of eye contact in a conversational
26、exchange between two Americans is well defined: speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener or reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their
27、gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker reestablishes eye contact： if they are not looking, the speaker assumes t
28、hat they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversations. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses; there may be a sort of traffic jam of wor
29、ds caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses. 11 The author is convinced that the eyes are_. （ A） of extreme importance in expressing feeling and exchanging ideas （ B） something through which one can see a persons inner world （ C） of considerable significance in making conversat
30、ions interesting （ D） something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate 12 Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person_. （ A） whose front view is fully perceived （ B） whose face is covered with a mask （ C） whose face is seen from the side （ D） whose face is free of any covering
31、13 According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partners neck because _. （ A） they dont like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker （ B） they need not communicate through eye contact （ C） they dont think it polite to have eye contact （ D） they didnt have much op
32、portunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood 14 According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to （ A） one temporarily glancing away from the other （ B） eye contact of more than one second （ C） improperly-timed ceasing of eye contact （ D） constant adjus
33、tment of eye contact 15 To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants_. （ A） not to wear dark spectacles （ B） not to make any interruptions （ C） not to glance away from each other （ D） not to make unpredictable pauses 15 Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best
34、patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israels example. At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who visits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account tha
35、t covers everything from his medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patients illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary. The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeki
36、ng further advice from his doctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague. Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized
37、 (分散的 ) nursing administration; every floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each units nurses decid
38、e among themselves who will work what shifts and when. Beth Israels nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice presidents of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medical Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors. 16 Which of the following best characterizes the ma
39、in feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital? （ A） The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse. （ B） Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night. （ C） The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient. （ D） The primary nurse keeps record
40、s of the patients health conditions every day. 17 It can be inferred from the passage that_. （ A） compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patient （ B） in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of view （ C） in most hospitals nurses get low
41、salaries （ D） compared with other hospitals nurses have to work longer hours at Beth Israel Hospital 18 A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when_. （ A） the present one is refused by the patient （ B） the patient complains about the present one （ C） the present one proves to
42、be ineffective （ D） the patient is found unwilling to cooperate 19 The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former_. （ A） is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospital （ B） has to arrange the work shifts of the units nurses （ C） can make decisions con
43、cerning the medical treatment of a patient （ D） has full responsibility in the administration of the units nurses 20 The authors attitude towards the nursing system at Beth Israel Hospital is_. （ A） negative （ B） neutral （ C） critical （ D） positive 20 Banks are not ordinarily prepared to pay out all
44、 accounts; they rely on depositors not to demand payment all at the same time. If depositors should come to fear that a bank is not sound, that it cannot pay off all its depositors, then that fear might cause all the depositors to appear on the same day. If they did. the bank could not pay all accou
45、nts. However, if they did not all appear at once, then there would always be funds to pay those who wanted their money when they wanted it. Mrs. Elsie Vaught has told us of a terrifying bank run that she experienced. One day in December of 1928, several banks failed to open in a city where Mrs. Vaug
46、ht lived. The other banks anticipated a run the next day, and so the officers of the bank in which Mrs. Vaught worked as a teller had enough funds on hand to pay off as many depositors as might apply. The officers simply instructed the tellers to pay on demand. Next morning a crowd gathered in the b
47、ank and on the sidewalk outside. The length of the line convinced many that the bank could not possibly pay off everyone. People began to push and then to fight for places near tellers windows. Clothing was torn and limbs broken, but the jam continued for hours. The power of the panic atmosphere is
48、evident in the fact that two tellers, though they knew that the bank was sound and could pay out all depositors, nevertheless withdrew the funds in their own accounts. Mrs. Vaught says that she had difficulty restraining herself from doing the same. 21 A bank run occurs when_. （ A） a bank is closed
49、for one or more days （ B） too many depositors attempt to draw out their money at one time （ C） there is not enough money to pay all of its depositors at one time （ D） employees of a bank take their own funds out of the bank 22 The essential cause of a run on a bank is_. （ A） loss of confidence （ B） lack of sufficient funds （ C） crowds of people （ D） inefficient tellers 23 Which of the following did Mrs. Vaught say? （ A） She knew that the bank was not sound. （ B） She feared that too many
