1、阅读理解练习试卷 3及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squ
2、are brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 For decades, researchers have grappled with the problem of creating a machine that can tell, definitively, whether a person is lying. Until recently, their work has been far from successful. The past generation of lie-detection technologies has be
3、en put under scientific scrutiny and found wanting. But science, ever resourceful, is coming up with new ideas. The problem with past lie detectors is that it relies on second-hand signs of lying, such as a persons breathing rate, pulse, blood pressure which a good actor can suppress. Furthermore, s
4、omeone who is telling the truth might exhibit just these signals, because the very act of being questioned by the authorities is stressful. Instead, current research is looking directly at the source of lies, the brain itself. Daniel Langleben uses a brain-scanning technique called functional magnet
5、ic-resonance imaging to probe his subjects honesty. The lie which those subjects are asked to tell is a small one: they have to persuade Dr. Langleben that they are holding a particular playing card when often they are actually holding a different one. Each successful deception earns a subject $20.
6、The researchers have not had to hand out much cash, though. The brains of lying subjects light up in particular places in ways that they do not in the honest. Another brain-probing lie-detection technique, based on electroencephalography (EEG), has actually made it out of the laboratory and into the
7、 courtroom. Lawrence Farwell calls it MERMER (memory and encoding related multifaceted electroencephalographic response). MERMER works by hooking someone up to an EEG machine and asking him about specific details of, for example, a crime scene. Lack of a brainwave called P300 denotes lack of familia
8、rity with the details in question, suggesting any denial should he taken at face value. The technique has already stood up to legal scrutiny twice. It will soon be used again, in the appeal by Jimmy Slaughter against his conviction for murdering his ex-girlfriend, Melody Wuertz. MERMER suggests that
9、 Mr. Slaughter had no recollection of important facts about the murder, such as which rooms the victim body was located in. Although not yet foolproof, these methods do offer possible alternatives to the antiquated techniques of the polygraph. The truth is out there. It is just a question of finding
10、 it. 1 “Wanting“ in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _. （ A） necessary （ B） misleading （ C） unsatisfactory （ D） practical 2 The second paragraph is focused on _. （ A） the principles of past lie-detection machines （ B） why past lie-detection machines did not work （ C） why it is necessary to devel
11、op new lie-detection machines （ D） the difference between past and present lie-detection machines 3 In the research conducted by Daniel Langleben, _. （ A） many liars were not detected by the researchers （ B） many subjects were caught lying by the researchers （ C） no subject successfully deceived the
12、 researchers （ D） the mixed results failed to lead to credible conclusions 4 P300 is the brainwave _. （ A） which may confirm that the person knows no details about the question （ B） lack of which may confirm that the person knows details about the question （ C） which may help prove that the suspect
13、hasnt committed a crime （ D） lack of which may mean that the suspect hasnt committed a crime 5 What is true of MERMER and the Jimmy Slaughter case? （ A） MERMER may help Jimmy Slaughter win his appeal. （ B） MERMER suggests that Jimmy Slaughter is the murderer. （ C） MERMER will be used in the Slaughte
14、r case for the first time. （ D） MERMER results may not be accepted in the Slaughter case. 6 What does the author think of the new lie-detection machines? （ A） They are perfect examples of scientific breakthroughs. （ B） They are not good enough to replace the old machines. （ C） They have the potentia
15、l to change the way the court works. （ D） They need further improvement so as to be more reliable. 6 Anthropology is a science dealing with man and his origins. I redefine anthropology here as “being interested, without judgment, in the way other people choose to live and behave,“ in order to turn i
16、t into a strategy which is geared toward developing your compassion as well as a way of becoming more patient. When someone acts in a way that seems strange to you, rather than reacting in your usual way, such as, “I cant believe they would do that.“ Instead, say something to yourself like “I see, t
17、hat must be the way she sees things in her world. Very interesting.“ In order for this strategy to help you, you have to be genuine. Theres a line between being “interested“ and being arrogant, as if secretly you believe that your way is better. Recently I was at a local shopping mall with my six-ye
18、ar old daughter. A group of punks walked by with orange spiked(成锥形的 ) hair and tattoos(文身 ) covering much of their bodies. My daughter immediately asked me, “Daddy, why are they dressed up like that? Are they in costumes?“ Years ago I would have felt very judgmental and frustrated about these young
19、people as if their way was wrong and my more conservative way was right. I would have blurted out some judgmental explanations to my daughter and passed along to her my judgmental views. Pretending to be an anthropologist, however, has changed my perspective a great deal; its made me softer. I said
20、to my daughter, “Im not really sure, but its interesting how different we all are, isnt it?“ She said, “Yeah, but I like my own hair.“ Rather than focusing on the behavior and continuing to give it energy, we both dropped it and continued to enjoy our time together. When you are interested in other
21、perspectives, it doesnt imply, even slightly, that youre advocating it. I certainly wouldnt choose a punk rock lifestyle or suggest it to anyone else. At the same time, however, its really not my place to judge it either. One of the basic rules of joyful living is that judging others takes a great d
22、eal of energy and, without exception, pulls you away from where you want to be. 7 According to the author, to be an anthropologist means we should _. （ A） take interest in what we are doing （ B） not take interest in what other people are doing （ C） judge other peoples behaviors with accepted standar
23、ds （ D） not judge other peoples behaviors with our own standards 8 In what way is being arrogant different from being interested? （ A） Being arrogant means you refuse to change your mind. （ B） Being arrogant means you only care about your own affairs. （ C） Being arrogant means you believe nothing is
24、 worth your attention. （ D） Being arrogant means you think your way is superior to that of others. 9 The authors daughter probably considered the hair style of those punks _. （ A） interesting （ B） strange （ C） pretty （ D） impressive 10 After having seen the punks, the author and his daughter _. （ A）
25、 had a heated discussion （ B） exchanged views on what was right （ C） did not talk much about them （ D） could not think of anything to say 11 To have a genuine interest in other perspectives implies that _. （ A） you are more likely to accept differences （ B） you can give your judgment on the issue （
26、C） you are supportive of others lifestyle （ D） you will encourage others to take the lead 12 Which of the following word can best describe anthropology? （ A） Passionate. （ B） Realistic. （ C） Tolerant. （ D） Creative. 阅读 理解练习试卷 3答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this p
27、art. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第一段
28、第二、三句说此前研究人员的工作都远没有成功。旧一代的测谎技术在科学方法的检验下发现是不合格的。 wanting：不够标准的，欠缺的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第二段的内容是说旧式测谎器的主要问题在于它依靠的是说谎的间接表象，如呼吸频率、血压、脉搏的变化等，但是一个好演员就能克服这些问题。另一方面，一个说真话的人在受到盘问时也会表现出这些变化。所以说它的准确性和可靠性没有保障。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第三段最后三句说受试者如果能够成功地骗过试验者每次能得到20美元。但是试验者没有给出多少钱，说明多数说谎者被检测出来了。 【
29、知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第四段第三、四句说 MERMER的原理是将人与 EEG机器相连并询问他有关犯罪现场的具体细节。如果没有被称为 P300的脑波就说明对所问问题并不熟悉，也就是说如果此人否认知情，应该认为他说的是实话。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第四段最后三句说 MERMER已两次用于法庭审案。在 Jimmy Slaughter的案件中会再次使用。 Jimmy Slaughter被控谋杀了前女友，为此他提出上诉。 MERMER结果显示他对于某些重要的杀人细节没有记忆，也就是说他可能没有杀人 。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6
30、【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 最后一段说这些新方法虽然不是完美无缺，但却可能取代已经过时的测谎器。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第一段第二句话说作者对人类学的重新定义是 “可以对别人的生活方式感兴趣，但不要妄加评论 ”。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第二段最后一句说 “感兴趣 ”和 “傲慢自大 ”的区别就在于后者认为自己的方式比别人的好。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第三段第三句说作者的女儿看到那些朋克的打扮后问 “他们为什么穿成那样 ?是戏服吗 ?”可以看出女儿认为这些朋克的打扮很奇怪。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第三段最后一句说作者和女儿并没有继续关注朋克的问题，而是自己享受自己的快乐。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 最后一段前三句说对其他生活方式有兴趣并不意味着要提倡那种方式，也不会建议其他人采用那种方 式，而且也没有权力对它进行评判。也就是说会接受不同的生活方式。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 文章通篇讲的是作者对 “人类学 ”的定义和他接受不同生活方式的态度，简单说就是有宽容心。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
