1、阅读理解练习试卷 9及答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squ
2、are brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 0 If those “mad moments“ when you cant recall what your friend has told you or where you left your keys are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help. Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, s
3、o do brains, which scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. “Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us have imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years,“ said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of
4、California, Los Angeles. “Im convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program,“ he added. In his book, “The Memory Bible,“ the 51-year-old neuroscientist lists what he refers to as the 10 commandments for keeping the brain young. They include training memory,
5、building skills, minimizing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. Its a game plan for keeping brain cells sparking and neural networks in tip-top shape. “Misplacing your keys a couple of times doesnt mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitab
6、le consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back,“ he said. Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. According to him, simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look, snap and connect are designed to make sure that important things such as names
7、 and dates are never forgotten. “So if you want to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, maybe a prominent eyebrow,“ said Small. “You associate the first thing that comes to mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create a ment
8、al snapshot of Warren Beatty kissing her brow. “ Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “ Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that peopl
9、e enjoy doing“, he added. He also recommends physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, walnuts and Brazil nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants (抗氧化剂 ) including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress. 1 The “mad momen
10、ts“ in the first paragraph refers to when we _. （ A） have some mental problems （ B） have lost our important things （ C） dont listen to what our friends tell us to do （ D） fail to remember what should be remembered 2 In this passage, the author mainly tells us that _. （ A） everyone can be forgetful s
11、ometimes regardless of ones age （ B） we can prevent our sound mind from aging with certain methods （ C） brain aging starts from the time when we are in our 20s and 30s （ D） memory loss is a sign that shows we are getting old 3 According to this passage, _. （ A） the game plan for keeping brain cells
12、sparking doesnt work for everyone （ B） Dr. Smalls memory tests can show you what to do about brain aging （ C） Dr. Smalls advice can help us fight brain aging effectively （ D） our brains can reconstruct memories themselves 4 In the fifth paragraph, the author mainly _. （ A） provides us with the weapo
13、ns for attacking others （ B） introduces the tools that help us fight against memory loss （ C） tells us about the important things we should never forget （ D） explains the facial features useful for us to remember people 5 By saying “I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create . . . her brow“ (Par
14、agraph 5), Dr. Small is trying to explain how to use the memory tool of _. （ A） impressing rapidly （ B） minimizing stress （ C） connecting related things （ D） observing carefully 6 According to Dr. Small, _. （ A） left-handers may start brain aging later than right-handers do （ B） learning a foreign l
15、anguage does not help to keep our brain from getting old （ C） doing crossword puzzles is a good way to keep us from memory loss （ D） mental exercises plus healthy diet alone cannot keep us from brain aging 6 Through the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed consid
16、erably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understanding of what it is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the beginnings of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from the thoughts of refl
17、ective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Mao Tse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not only been there but tried with some fairness to sp
18、eculate on paper about it. But tales and reflective observation are not enough except to convince us that leaders are physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how and who people lead, but it wasnt easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis ha
19、ve given us more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders have been conducted in the last seventy-five years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps more important, what distinguishe
20、s effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations from ineffective organizations. Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly inadequate expl
21、anation. Most of these definitions dont agree with each other, and many of them would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect fashions, political tides and academic trends. They dont always reflect reality and sometimes they just represent nonsense. Its
22、as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership: “The only thing that matters in art is the part that cannot be explained. “ Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Some looked at the leader. Some looked at the situation. None has stood the test of time. With such a track re
23、cord, it is understandable why leadership research and theory have been so frustrating as to deserve the label “the La Brea Tar Pits“ of organizational inquiry. Located in Los Angeles, these asphalt pits house the remains of a long sequence of prehistoric animals that came to investigate but never l
24、eft the area. 7 In regard of leadership competencies, the author suggests that people have _. （ A） believed in their existence （ B） learned to apply them extensively （ C） found it very difficult to acquire them （ D） been unable to realize their importance 8 Several big names are mentioned in the fir
25、st paragraph mainly to show their _. （ A） different styles of leadership （ B） effective exercise of leadership （ C） contributions to the theory of leadership （ D） wisdom in applying the theory of leadership 9 According to the author, peoples opinions of leadership are on the whole quite _. （ A） divi
26、ded （ B） original （ C） misleading （ D） sophisticated 10 The author thinks that _. （ A） many people have labored to be leaders （ B） leaders are beyond our understanding （ C） the essence of leadership has not been grasped （ D） the definitions of leadership should vary 11 “The La Brea Tar Pits“ in para
27、graph 4 probably signifies things that _. （ A） can be traced back to the prehistoric age （ B） are traps for those who want to inquire （ C） are located in one place forever （ D） dont deserve full investigation 12 This passage is mainly concerned with _. （ A） the inconsistent theories of leadership （
28、B） the famous leaders and their theories （ C） the changes in the trend of leadership （ D） the inaccurate definitions of leadership 阅读理解练习试卷 9答案与解析 一、 Reading Comprehension Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of the
29、m there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 【知识模块】 阅读理解 1 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 第一段作者说我们的大脑有时会变得不好使，比如说你想不起来朋友跟你说了些什么话，或者忘了把钥匙放在什么地方了。如果这些情况越来越多，那么你可以多做些大脑的练习，或多吃些健脑的食品，
30、也许会有帮助。mad：发疯的；愚蠢的。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 2 【正确答案】 B 【试题 解析】 本文主要介绍了人脑老化现象和健脑的方法。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 3 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第五段第一句作者说： Small博士为我们提供了全面反击大脑老化的武器。第六段第一句作者又说： Small博士承认这些练习听上去有些奇怪，但确实很有效。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 4 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 第五段作者通过举例介绍了一些减缓记忆丧失的方法，如观察、快速记忆以及联想等。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 5 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第五段 第三句开始作者引用 Small博士的
31、话说： “假如你想记住一个人的名字和他的长相，你就应该把你头脑中的第一印象与其他事物联系起来记忆。例如你见到 Beatty夫人，你注意到了她脸部与别人不同的特征，也许是眉毛部位特别突出。在这种情况下我就会想到演员 Warren Beatty，所以我就在脑海中闪出一个镜头 Warren Beatty在亲吻 Beatty夫人的额头。 ” 【知识模块】 阅读理解 6 【正确答案】 D 【试题解析】 在最后一段 Smau博士还建议要多进行体育锻炼，多吃些低脂肪但富含 omega-3脂肪酸的食品，比如鱼类、核桃、巴西坚果以及含抗氧化剂较高的蔬菜和水果如蓝莓和洋葱等，此外还要减少压力。 【知识模块】 阅读
32、理解 【知识模块】 阅读理解 7 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 第一段第二句作者说：领袖的才能是一直没有变化的，只是人们对什么是领袖才能、领袖才能如何起作用以及人们如何运用这些才能这些问题的理解都发生了变化。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 8 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第一段的第三句作者说：我们确实开始了对领导艺术的总体理论的研究，从历史和社会方面 ，最主要的是对伟大的领袖人物的思想进行研究，例如摩西 (圣经中古代犹太人的领袖 编者注 )、恺撒、詹姆斯 麦迪逊 (美国历史上的第四任总统，美国的开国元勋之一，他对美国宪法和人权法的制定作出了重大贡献 编者注 )，以及当代最杰出的智慧天才甘地、丘
33、吉尔和基辛格。他们除了都曾经存在过，都用文章清楚地表达了自己的思想之外，别无共同之处。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 9 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 全文第一句作者就指出：多少年来我们对于什么是领导艺术以及什么样的人可以成为领袖的看法变化相当大。另参见第 2题。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 10 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 第三段第二句起作者说：对领导艺术的解释是多种多样的，而每一种都是片面的、不完整的和不充分的。这些定义大部分相互矛盾，而且很多都没有研究领袖的领导技巧。这些定义反映了当时的政治潮流和学术趋向。它们不能反映实际情况，有时一点用都没有。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 11 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 最后一段第一句作者说：许多关于领导艺术的理论流行一段时间就消失了。第四句起作者说：这些理论没有一个能经得住时间的检验。 有了这样的记录我们就不难理解为什么关于领导艺术的研究和理论这样令人沮丧，以至于人们把它说成是组织研究的 “死亡陷阱 ”。这里所说的 “死亡陷阱 ”是在位于洛杉矶的一处沥青坑里发现了不同纪的史前动物的遗址，这些动物来到此处是想探个究竟，结果就回不去了。 【知识模块】 阅读理解 12 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本文主要说长期以来人类对于领袖艺术的研究一直没有形成统一的理论。 【知识模块】 阅读理解
