1、阅读练习试卷 22及答案与解析 一、 PART THREE 0 High productivity depends on a combination of factors, of which the most important are as follows. individual productivity The productivity of the individual depends on both his ability and his desire to do the job. The former ability depends, in turn, on native abili
2、ty and on training. The latter varies with incentive. The more complicated a job becomes, the more training is necessary to ensure efficient operation. Thus, developing training programs within production units is one important factor in the maintenance of high individual productivity. Moreover, the
3、 establishment of good general and specific education programs is essential to the maintenance of efficiency and contemporary practices in production. This is particularly true at managerial levels. The quality of management has a large significance to productivity since management teams are respons
4、ible for keeping equipment up-to-date, deciding production methods, developing marketing programs, fostering good relations between employers and employees, establishing good working conditions and installing incentives. incentives Incentives to efficiency at the individual and small group level can
5、 take various forms. Financial gain is one of the most common and also one of the most effective. However, others such as good working conditions, employee benefits and a positive social environment in the work place are important considerations. At the production unit level, whether it be a small w
6、orkshop or a large factory, competition provides a serious incentive. When a company has a monopoly or a protected niche for its operation, a general lassitude can delay replacement of aging equipment, allow loss of vigor in marketing, and permit slackness in individual behaviors. Thus, a certain am
7、ount of competition is useful to keep a company at the forefront of production efficiency. capital equipment Appropriate capital equipment implies, in term of efficiency, having equipment which optimizes the output of items produced per dollar input. Generaly, this means regular updating of all equi
8、pment, from production machinery to hand tools to office instrumentation. However, modernization incurs expenditure. If such spending is very large, it may be considered as a form of saving. Such investment spending may, under some circumstances, delay a rise in standard of living. This could be bec
9、ause of preferred production of industrial products over consumer products and a reduction in consumer spending, because of deferred wage increase. So capital expenditure which will cause increased production in the future, can be considered as an enforced saving with a view to achieving a higher st
10、andard of living at a later date. market size As the quality of production increases, it is usually possible to reduce the cost of production per item. Thus, with very large production runs, the cost per item may be vastly reduced and profit per item will consequently be greater. Such as economy of
11、scale is dependent on the accessibility of a market large enough to justify the enormous but necessary start-up costs, estimation of the market size may determine that the production must be distributed regionally, nationally or even world wide. It is clear that the supply side of the economy is the
12、 basis of economic viability. This applies to highly industrialized nations where labor is expensive and the tendency is towards technical specialization, It also applies to less developed nations where there is an abundance of labor. In all cases a balance exists between production costs and profit
13、s available in the product market. 1 Which of the following is not the factor that influences the productivity? （ A） Excellent training experiences. （ B） Pleasant working conditions. （ C） Sophisticated machines. （ D） The number of the employees. 2 Good general and specific education programs are esp
14、ecially significant to _. （ A） workers in workshop （ B） secretaries （ C） junior staff （ D） managers 3 According to the author, a company which has monopoly for its business may _. （ A） constantly expand its operations （ B） lose its vitality （ C） charge more from its customers （ D） often update its e
15、quipment 4 Which of the following is not regarded as an incentive? （ A） Decrease of salaries. （ B） Good working conditions. （ C） Rich benefits. （ D） Excellent social environments. 5 According to the author, investment spending at last may result in _. （ A） decrease of salaries （ B） lower living qual
16、ities （ C） higher standard of living （ D） reduction in consumer spending 6 According to the author, market size should _. （ A） the bigger the better （ B） not be estimated （ C） be estimated according to productivity （ D） be estimated according to start-up costs 二、 PART FOUR 6 Between now and 2005, 【
17、C1】 _ services will become commonplace. Business and economy-ties? Web services will be introduced; and consumers will 【 C2】 _ their digital identities. Not only will the Net support a variety of new access devices, but it will also become the primary vehicle for voice, data and video 【 C3】 _ . Alre
18、ady, a group of communication giants, including AT T, 【 C4】 _ an alliance called Embedded Internet, which aims to accelerate the market for globally networked, intelligent devices in homes, offices and factories worldwide. Putting everything and everyone on the Net will open up new commercial opport
19、unities For example, when you visit a new place, your mobile device, knowing your preferences will 【 C5】 _ suggest the restaurants that serve your favorite wines and foods, list the shows you might like to see, then provide you with maps for how to get there, says Joy, whose company is designing Jin
20、i, a 【 C6】 _ system to automatically link computing devices. The new services electronically link up buyers and sellers who 【 C7】 _ no prior contact and may want to do business with each other only once. These 【 C8】 _ will take bandwidth and lots of it. Some of the sectors biggest companies are work
21、ing on making the internet 1,000 times faster and more reliable. Internet service providers will charge accordingly, just as travelers pay different 【 C9】_ for first or second class. The system is supposed to give consumers flexibility, allowing them to 【 C10】 _ bandwidth when they need it. 7 【 C1】
22、_ （ A） personal （ B） personalized （ C） person （ D） personalizing 8 【 C2】 _ （ A） take control of （ B） lose control of （ C） under control of （ D） have control of 9 【 C3】 _ （ A） transmission （ B） transformation （ C） transit （ D） transfer 10 【 C4】 _ （ A） have formed （ B） had formed （ C） has formed （ D）
23、has been forming 11 【 C5】 _ （ A） automatedly （ B） automatically （ C） automation （ D） automating 12 【 C6】 _ （ A） networking （ B） networked （ C） network （ D） networkly 13 【 C7】 _ （ A） had （ B） have had （ C） had had （ D） have 14 【 C8】 _ （ A） applicants （ B） applyings （ C） applications （ D） applicatings
24、 15 【 C9】 _ （ A） cost （ B） charges （ C） fees （ D） fares 16 【 C10】 _ （ A） reserve （ B） preserve （ C） deserve （ D） conserve 三、 PART FIVE 16 【 C1】 _ nearly a hundred years of powered flight, scientists are still trying to figure out how birds fly. Researchers have learned that the slapping noise pigeon
25、s make when they suddenly take off is the sound of super charged lift. They call it the “clap fling“ effect. Here at SRI International scientists try to duplicate the pigeons thrust. A flashing strobe reveals the secret. Scott Stanford, a scientist at SRI, says, You re looking at the clap fling effe
26、ct, where the two wings will come together and peel apart 【 C2】 _ each other, thus augmenting lift 【 C3】 _ drawing air from the top to the bottom. “ This mechanical bug wont get off the ground. 【 C4】 _ its flapping wings demonstrate a potential propulsion system for robotic birds: man-made rubbery m
27、uscle. Roy Kornbluh works at SRI. “There, Im turning the voltage on and off, and you can see when the voltage is on, the material is larger 【 C5】 _ when the voltage is off.“ Super computers show high-speed airflows over supersonic aircraft. But scientists have only begun to see how air flows 【 C6】 _
28、 really low speeds. Professor Max Platzer of the Naval Postgraduate School, says, “The flapping wing is generating a thrust, this way, this is the basic physics of the phenomenon.“ Its pelicans-not pigeons-the Navy is looking at. The Navy is looking at the smooth easy flight of pelicans low over wat
29、er-called “ground effect.“ Researchers at the Naval Postgraduate School are trying to imitate the pelicans efficiency. Assistant Professor Kevin Jones of the Naval Postgraduate School says, “ 【 C7】_ flapping the wings, symmetrically, were 【 C8】 _ effect imitating ground effect. We now have the same
30、feature a bird sees when its flying, over a ground plane.“ An electric motor drives the flapping wings. Researchers here are working 【 C9】_ ways to beam power to the tiny bird. David Jenn of the Naval Postgraduate School says, “Theres no battery inside of here, so were going to set this inside the r
31、adar beam, and the energy is extracted from the radar beam and will be used to propel the motor.“ Scientists are learning its one thing to build an airplane, 【 C10】 _ quite another to build a bird. 17 【 C1】 _ 18 【 C2】 _ 19 【 C3】 _ 20 【 C4】 _ 21 【 C5】 _ 22 【 C6】 _ 23 【 C7】 _ 24 【 C8】 _ 25 【 C9】 _ 26
32、【 C10】 _ 四、 PART SIX 26 If you are a high school student that thinking about college, 【 S1】 _ but consider this: Someone with a bachelors degree 【 S2】 _ who earns nearly $1 million more over his or her lifetime than 【 S3】 _ a high school graduate. A Census Bureau survey released on Thursday shows a
33、college graduate who can expect to earn $ 2.1 【 S4】 _ million working at full-time between ages 25 and 64, 【 S5】 _ which demographers call it a typical work-life period. 【 S6】 _ A masters degree holder is projected to earn $ 2.5 million, but 【 S7】 _ while someone with a professional degree, such as
34、a doctor or lawyer, who could make even more-$ 4.4 million. 【 S8】 _ Though in contrast, a high school graduate can expect to make 【 S9】 _ $ 1.2 million during the working years, according to the bureau report that tracked the influence of education on lifetime earnings. 【 S10】 _ Not all students who
35、 look at college as an investment, “but Im sure 【 S11】 _ parents do,“ said Jacqueline King, policy analyst with the American Council Education, a higher education advocacy group. “The challenge is to convince those high school students on the margins that it is really 【 S12】 _ worth their time to go
36、 to college.“ 27 【 S1】 _ 28 【 S2】 _ 29 【 S3】 _ 30 【 S4】 _ 31 【 S5】 _ 32 【 S6】 _ 33 【 S7】 _ 34 【 S8】 _ 35 【 S9】 _ 36 【 S10】 _ 37 【 S11】 _ 38 【 S12】 _ 阅读练习试卷 22答案与解析 一、 PART THREE 【知识模块】 阅读 1 【正确答案】 D 【知识模块】 阅读 2 【正确答案】 D 【知识模块】 阅读 3 【正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 阅读 4 【正确答案】 A 【知识模块】 阅读 5 【正确答案】 C 【知识模块】 阅读 6 【正确答案
37、】 C 【知识模块】 阅读 二、 PART FOUR 【知识模块】 阅读 7 【 正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 阅读 8 【正确答案】 A 【知识模块】 阅读 9 【正确答案】 A 【知识模块】 阅读 10 【正确答案】 C 【知识模块】 阅读 11 【正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 阅读 12 【正确答案】 A 【知识模块】 阅读 13 【正确答案】 B 【知识模块】 阅读 14 【正确答案】 C 【知识模块】 阅读 15 【正确答案】 D 【知识模块】 阅读 16 【正确答案】 A 【知识模 块】 阅读 三、 PART FIVE 【知识模块】 阅读 17 【正确答案】 After 【知识模块
38、】 阅读 18 【正确答案】 from 【知识模块】 阅读 19 【正确答案】 by 【知识模块】 阅读 20 【正确答案】 but 【知识模块】 阅读 21 【正确答案】 than 【知识模块】 阅读 22 【正确答案】 at 【知识模块】 阅读 23 【正确答案】 By 【知识模块】 阅读 24 【正确答案】 in 【知 识模块】 阅读 25 【正确答案】 on 【知识模块】 阅读 26 【正确答案】 but 【知识模块】 阅读 四、 PART SIX 【知识模块】 阅读 27 【正确答案】 that 【知识模块】 阅读 28 【正确答案】 but 【知识模块】 阅读 29 【正确答案】 who 【知识模块】 阅读 30 【正确答案】 who 【知识模块】 阅读 31 【正确答案】 at 【知识模块】 阅读 32 【正确答案】 it 【知识 模块】 阅读 33 【正确答案】 but 【知识模块】 阅读 34 【正确答案】 who 【知识模块】 阅读 35 【正确答案】 Though 【知识模块】 阅读 36 【正确答案】 correct 【知识模块】 阅读 37 【正确答案】 who 【知识模块】 阅读 38 【正确答案】 correct 【知识模块】 阅读
