1、雅思（阅读）模拟试卷 10 及答案与解析 一、 Reading Module (60 minutes) 1 READING PASSAGE 1 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below. Cleaner, Abundant Fuels Attracting Record Investment A Renewable energy captured from the wind, sun, Earths heat, tides, and from s
2、mall dams is drawing record levels of investment as poor villagers and entire nations alike seek clean, abundant ways to fuel economic growth. Global investment in renewable energy set a new record of 30 billion in 2004, according to a new report from the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st
3、 Century (REN21). Technologies such as wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, and small hydro now provide 160 gigawatts of electricity generating capacity-about four percent of the world total-the report said. They are growing at rates of around 20-30 percent per year, however, compared to two or three p
4、ercent for oil and gas. B “Renewable energy has become big business,“ said Eric Martinot, lead author of the study, “Renewables 2005: Global Status Report.“ Martinot, a senior fellow at the Washington, D.C.-based think tank Worldwatch Institute and a lecturer at Tsinghua University in Beijing, said
5、renewable energy has attracted some of the worlds largest companies, including General Electric, Siemens, Sharp, and Royal Dutch Shell. The report estimated that nearly 40 million households worldwide heat their water with solar collectors, most of them installed in the last five years. Altogether,
6、renewable energy industries provide 1.7 million jobs, most of them skilled and well paid. C Martinot and 100-plus researchers in more than 20 countries assessed several renewable technologies: small hydro (meaning small dams), modern biomass (agricultural waste, for example), wind, solar, geothermal
7、, and biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel. These technologies now compete with conventional fuels in four distinct markets: power generation, hot water and space heating, transportation fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy supplies. D Renewable energy is gaining in popularity because it is consider
8、ed to be in infinite supply-unlike oil, coal, and gas-and because it involves little or no pollution compared to those fossil fuels. Scientists blame the burning of fossil fuels for the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that stoke global climate changes, which in turn are intensif
9、ying droughts in some parts of the world, floods and storms in others, and the spread of tropical diseases to temperate zones. E Additionally, renewable energies could empower millions of poor and vulnerable people who lack access to reliable, affordable, and clean modern energy services, U.N. Secre
10、tary-General Kofi Annan said in a message to the Beijing International Renewable Energy Conference, which opened Monday. Annan said that rising oil prices have hit oil-importing developing countries especially hard and underscore the need for alternative energy supplies. According to the REN21 repor
11、t, government support for renewable energy is growing rapidly. At least 48 countries now have some type of renewable energy promotion policy, including 14 developing countries. Typically, they include targets to ensure that renewable sources generate 5-30 percent of energy use in a given country by
12、around 2010-2012. F The renewable sectors prospects appeared to receive a further boost Monday, when China announced it was raising its target for reliance on renewable energy even as it acknowledged that coal would remain its primary source for electricity for decades to come. Renewable energy shou
13、ld account for 15 percent of national consumption by 2020. China had previously aimed to get 10 percent of its energy from renewable sources by 2020. G Mandates for blending biofuels into vehicle fuels have been enacted in 20-plus states and provinces worldwide as well as in three key countries-Braz
14、il, China, and India-the report said. Government leadership has ensured market success, according to REN21, which is composed of representatives of governments and non-governmental organizations. Market leaders in renewable energy in 2004 included Brazil in biofuels, China in solar hot water, German
15、y in solar electricity, and Spain in wind power, the report said. H The fastest growing energy technology in the world is grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV), existing capacity of which blossomed by sixty percent per year from 2000-2004, to cover more than 400000 rooftops in Japan, Germany, and t
16、he United States, it found. Wind power came second, with generating capacity growing by 28 percent last year with almost seventeen gigawatts installed as of 2004. Production of ethanol, biodiesel, and other biofuels exceeded 33 billion liters in 2004, when ethanol displaced about three percent of th
17、e 1200 billion liters of gasoline produced globally. I An estimated 500 million goes to developing countries each year as development assistance for renewable energy projects, training, and market support, with the German Development Finance Group (KfW), the World Bank Group, and the Global Environm
18、ent Facility (GEF) providing the majority of these funds, and dozens of other donors and programs providing the rest, the report said. More than 4.5 million “green“ power consumers in Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia, and Japan purchased renewable electricity in 2004, it added. Asia is s
19、een as a vast market for renewable energy as it seeks to meet growing demand for power to feed rapid economic expansion amid runaway oil prices. 1 Questions 1-4 The text has 9 paragraphs (A-I). Which paragraph contains each of the following pieces of information? 1 Cases where the use of renewable f
20、uels is in competition with non-renewable ones. 2 The membership of REN21. 3 The rates at which the use of renewable fuels is growing faster than the use of nonrenewable ones in the world. 4 The sources of funding for renewable fuels in developing countries. 5 Questions 5-8 Complete the following se
21、ntences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text. 5 agricultural waste 6 targets 7 coal 8 a vast market 9 Questions 9-13 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet write TRUE if the information in the text agrees with the
22、 statement FALSE if the information in the text contradicts the statement NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 9 Eric Martinot advises large companies on investing in renewable energy. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 10 Eric Martinot has over 100 people working in his team. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT G
23、IVEN 11 Increases in oil prices hurt developing economies more than developed ones. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 12 The use of solar power grew by 60% between the year 2000 and the year 2004. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 13 “Green“ power consumers only get part of their electricity from alternative ener
24、gy sources. （ A）真 （ B）假 （ C） NOT GIVEN 14 READING PASSAGE 2 You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below. A Giode tp Womenomics A In rich countries, girls now do better at school than boys, more women are getting university degrees than men are and
25、 females are filling most new jobs. Arguably, women are now the most powerful engine of global growth. In 1950 only one-third of American women of working age had a paid job. Today two-thirds do, and women make up almost half of Americas workforce. Since 1950 mens employment rate has slid by 12 perc
26、entage points, to 77%. In fact, almost everywhere more women are employed and the percentage of men with jobs has fallen-although in some countries the feminisation of the workplace still has far to go: in Italy and Japan, womens share of jobs is still 40% or less. B The increase in female employmen
27、t in developed countries has been aided by a big shift in the type of jobs on offer. Manufacturing work, traditionally a male preserve, has declined, while jobs in services have expanded. This has reduced the demand for manual labour and put the sexes on a more equal footing. In the developing world
28、, too, more women now have paid jobs. In the emerging East Asian economies, for every 100 men in the labour force there are now 83 women, higher even than the average in OECD countries. Women have been particularly important to the success of Asias export industries, typically accounting for 60-80%
29、of jobs in many export sectors, such as textiles and clothing. C Of course, it is misleading to talk of womens “entry“ into the workforce. Besides formal employment, women have always worked in the home, looking after children, cleaning or cooking, but because this is unpaid, it is not counted in th
30、e official statistics. To some extent, the increase in female paid employment has meant fewer hours of unpaid housework. However, the value of housework has fallen by much less than the time spent on it, because of the increased productivity afforded by dishwashers, washing machines and so forth. Pa
31、id nannies and cleaners employed by working women now also do some work that used to belong in the non-market economy. D The increase in female employment has also accounted for a big chunk of global growth in recent decades. GDP growth can come from three sources: employing more people; using more
32、capital per worker; or an increase in the productivity of labour and capital due to new technology. Since 1970 women have filled two new jobs for every one taken by a man. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that the employment of extra women has not only added more to GDP than new jobs for me
33、n but has also chipped in more than either capital investment or increased productivity. Carve up the worlds economic growth a different way and another surprising conclusion emerges: over the past decade or so, the increased employment of women in developed economies has contributed much more to gl
34、obal growth. Women are becoming more important in the global marketplace not just as workers, but also as consumers, entrepreneurs, managers and investors. Women have traditionally done most of the household shopping, but now they have more money of their own to spend. Surveys suggest that women mak
35、e perhaps 80% of consumers buying decisions-from health care and homes to furniture and food. E Womens share of the workforce has a limit. In America it has already stalled. However, there will still be a lot of scope for women to become more productive as they make better use of their qualification
36、s. At school, girls consistently get better grades, and in most developed countries well over half of all university degrees are now being awarded to women. In America 140 women enrol in higher education each year for every 100 men; in Sweden the number is as high as 150. (There are, however, only 9
37、0 female Japanese students for every 100 males.) In years to come better educated women will take more of the top jobs. At present, for example, in Britain more women than men train as doctors and lawyers, but relatively few are leading surgeons or partners in law firms. The main reason why women st
38、ill get paid less on average than men is not that they are paid less for the same jobs but that they tend not to climb so far up the career ladder, or they choose lower-paid occupations, such as nursing and teaching. This pattern is likely to change. F Making better use of womens skills is not just
39、a matter of fairness. Plenty of studies suggest that it is good for business, too. Women account for only 7% of directors on the worlds corporate boards-15% in America, but less than 1% in Japan. Yet a study by Catalyst, a consultancy, found that American companies with more women in senior manageme
40、nt jobs earned a higher return on equity than those with fewer women at the top. This might be because mixed teams of men and women are better than single-sex groups at solving problems and spotting external threats. Studies have also suggested that women are often better than men at building teams
41、and communicating. G In poor countries too, the under-utilisation of women stunts economic growth. A study last year by the World Economic Forum found a clear correlation between sex equality (measured by economic participation, education, health and political empowerment) and GDP per head. Correlat
42、ion does not prove the direction of causation. However, other studies also suggest that inequality between the sexes harms long-term growth. In particular, there is strong evidence that educating girls boosts prosperity. It is probably the single best investment that can be made in the developing wo
43、rld. Not only are better educated women more productive, but they raise healthier, better educated children. There is huge potential to raise income per head in developing countries, where fewer girls go to school than boys. More than two-thirds of the worlds illiterate adults are women. H It is som
44、etimes argued that it is short-sighted to get more women into paid employment. The more women go out to work, it is said, the fewer children there will be and the lower growth will be in the long run. Yet the facts suggest otherwise. Data shows that countries with high female labour participation ra
45、tes, such as Sweden, tend to have higher fertility rates than Germany, Italy and Japan, where fewer women work. Indeed, the decline in fertility has been greatest in several countries where female employment is low. 14 Questions 14-17 The text has 8 paragraphs (A-H). Which paragraph does each of the
46、 following headings best fit? 14 New producers, new consumers 15 More work, fewer children? 16 A better educated workforce 17 Women in new, expanding industries 18 Questions 18-22 According to the text, FIVE of the following statements are true. Write the corresponding letters in answer boxes 18 to
47、22 in any order. A A higher percentage of Italian women have jobs than Japanese women. B More women than men work in Asias textile industries. C The value of housework is not included in official statistics. D Research shows that men make more purchasing decisions than women. E Most surgeons in Brit
48、ain are women. F Firms with more women in senior management offer higher investment returns. G Most illiterate people in the world are women. H Some people think that lower birth rates lead to lower economic growth. 18 【 18】 _ 19 【 19】 _ 20 【 20】 _ 21 【 21】 _ 22 【 22】 _ 23 Questions 23-26 According
49、to the information given in the text, choose the correct answer or answers firm the choices given. 23 Since 1950, the percentage of _. （ A） American women with jobs has increased. （ B） American men with jobs has decreased. （ C） Japanese and Italian women with jobs has remained stable. 24 Economies can get bigger by _. （ A） increasing the size of the workforce. （ B） giving shares to workers. （ C） using more advanced technology. 25 Mixed teams of male and female managers are thought to be better at _. （
