1、雅思（阅读）模拟试卷 23及答案与解析 一、 Reading Module (60 minutes) 0 Wild Herds May Stampede Across Britain A About 800,000 hectares of Britain have been identified as places where traditional farming could be replaced over time by wilderness nature reserves, possibly inhabited by vanished species such as elk, moos
2、e, beaver and wild horse. The radical vision of developing large-scale conservation areas and linking them via ecological corridors to allow herds of animals to roam across hundreds of miles is proposed as a relatively inexpensive way to revitalise the large areas expected to become uneconomic to fa
3、rm during the next fifteen years as European Union subsidies are progressively cut. B The proposals, drawn up by a group with extensive experience of such projects, have been presented to the Treasury and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. They are also being taken seriously by
4、many big wildlife groups and landowners. The National Trust, the Forestry Commission, the WWF and the RSP8 are said to be enthusiastic about the scale of the areas envisaged. C The areas tentatively put forward by the Wilderness Foundation for “re-wilding“ are mainly in upland areas with farms that
5、are only marginally economic. They include the isles of Arran and Harris, the central Cairngorms, Glen Affric and the Knoydart peninsula in Scotland, and the Brecon Beacons, Elan Valley, Plynlimon and $nowdonia in Wales. In England, parts of the Lake District, the North York Moors and the Pennines a
6、re proposed, along with wetland areas such as the Essex marshes and the Fenlands. D “Large natural habitat areas offer significant alternative livelihoods to landholders and local communities,“ said Toby Ayckroyd of the Wilderness Foundation, which has also discussed the proposals with the governmen
7、t nature adviser English Nature, and its counterparts in Wales and Scotland. “A series of large interlinked natural wild lands is now entirely practical in Britain. Many large areas of farmland will become uneconomic for agricultural production over the next 20 years“ E The charity, which has worked
8、 with the worlds largest conservation groups to develop wilderness areas in South Africa and elsewhere, says there is growing public and official interest in the economic value of wild places and the social benefits which they can generate. Some of the proposals are based on the experience gained in
9、 South Africa. “We do not envisage that anyone would have to be moved“ Mr Ayckroyd said. “There would be core areas where people would not be encouraged to go, as well as inner and outer buffer zones, but there would be no restrictions put on access “The charity believes there is great potential for
10、 communities to earn money from international ecotourism. F “If Britain is seen to be re-establishing wild places, and moreover for economic as well as conservation reasons, then rich country proposals for preservation of diminishing habitat and vanishing species in the third world would carry signi
11、ficantly more credibility“ Mr Ayckroyd said. The idea of large-scale conservation areas was this week backed by several organisations. “Its imperative to think big. We certainly agree with the idea of thinking on the large scale, though we do not see herds of bison roaming around Britain“ says Cathe
12、rine Huirn, the nature conservation adviser to the National Trust, which is allowing a valley in Ennerdale, Cumbria, to revert to a wild state and is also working on large-scale ecological restoration projects in Snowdonia and the Fens with others. G One of the models for future British wilderness a
13、reas is Oostvaardersplassen, 30 miles from Amsterdam in Holland, where about 5,600 hectares (14,000 acres) of valuable, reclaimed land has been turned with government assistance into Europes largest conservation experiment. An area once slated for industrial development is now roamed by more than 1,
14、600 deer, as well as primitive descendants of Europes original wild horse and ancient cattle. Bridges have been built over roads to allow animals to cover large distances, and there have been few objections because local communities have been involved at all stages. It is part of a bigger plan to li
15、nk large natural habitat areas throughout the Netherlands and into neighbouring Germany and Belgium. The Dutch propose to eventually turn 17% of the country into wild lands. H “UK veterinary laws and other issues might proscribe exact duplication, but the overall challenge to the UK is clear“ Mr Ayc
16、kroyd said yesterday. “Can our own nature wildlife and conservation groups in partnership with government and a broad array of community, social and business interests rise to the occasion and usher in an era of landscape scale natural habitat restoration?“ 1 Questions 1-4 The text has 8 paragraphs
17、(A-H). Which paragraph contains each of the following pieces o fin formation? 1 Details of a project that British organizations are hoping to copy. 2 The number of people that are expected to lose their homes as a result of making areas suitable for the animals. 3 Examples of projects that the Natio
18、nal Trust is already involved in. 4 The species of animal that could be reintroduced. 5 Questions 5-8 Complete the following sentences using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the text. 5 _ are being reduced, so fanning is becoming less economical in many areas. 6 _ such as bridges, will allow wild anima
19、ls to travel long distances. 7 Suggestions from developed countries that less developed countries develop similar schemes often lack _. 8 If _ are included in plans, they have fewer complaints about such projects. 9 Questions 9-13 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the t
20、ext? Write TRUE if the information in the text agrees with the statement. Write FALSE if the information in the text contradicts the statement. Write NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this. 9 The areas where “re-wilding“ will take place have already been decided. 10 “Re-wilding“ will cause une
21、mployment. 11 Visitors would not be allowed into parts of areas where “re-wilding“ takes place. 12 Big projects are considered better than smaller ones. 13 The Dutch have turned 17% of their country into wild lands. 13 Your Life Their Hands A On benches in parks, you can buy the things you simply ca
22、nt find in stores. After methamphetamine, the hottest seller is fake ID. A complete identity package, including a permanent resident card (or green card) and a social security card, goes for $150 and takes about forty minutes to deliver. Armed with those, an illegal immigrant can apply for a driving
23、 licence, acquire a bank account, rent an apartment and get a legitimate job. It wouldnt be so bad if the only customers for fake IDs were illegal immigrants. Unlike their undocumented brethren, these are folks who pay taxes and social-security contributions. Increasingly, however, the people buying
24、 (and stealing) ID documents are not illegal aliens but local internet crooks. Their preferred tools are phishing scams and key-logging programmes spread by “botnets“ of hijacked computers to millions of innocent individuals. B Identity theft is one of the fastest growing white-collar crimes in the
25、world. A fresh identity is stolen every four seconds. Some ten million Americans have been victims. The average cost of restoring a stolen identity is reckoned to be $8,000, and victims spend typically six hundred hours dealing with the nightmare plus many years more restoring their good name and cr
26、edit record. As a crime, identity theft is far more pernicious than traditional payment fraud which happens when someone uses your ATM card or credit card illegally. Identity theft means that a crook obtains new bank accounts, credit cards, mobile phones, car leases, even apartment rentals in your n
27、ame and without your knowledge. On average it takes a year for a victim to find out about the theft. As a result, few identity thieves get apprehended. C A new report, from an internet security firm called Symantec says that more than one-half of all the “underground economy servers“ used for sellin
28、g confidential information and captured personal data are located in the United States. The trade in personal data suggests that internet criminals have more or less given up hacking into banking systems and trying to steal databases of customer accounts. As financial services firms have tightened u
29、p, the crooks have started targeting the bank and credit-card accounts of individuals instead. In the underground marketplace, a credit card with its verification number can be bought for six dollars a pop. For buyers in bulk, stolen identitiesincluding bank account, credit card, date of birch and s
30、ocial security details go wholesale for around fifteen dollars apiece, offering a ten-fold mark-up when retailed. That beats pushing drugs any day. Symantec says that in the second half of 2006 some six million computers around the world were infected by “bots“ (robotic pieces of malicious software)
31、, 29% up on the previous six months. Four out of five of them had been attacked by Trojan horses that sniffed out confidential information by logging keystrokes, recording internet sites visited, and reporting the findings to a third party. Other unsuspecting users were redirected to fake websites w
32、here they were fooled by phishing scams into parting with their identity details. D Why this sudden upsurge in identity theft,? One factor, whether cause or effect, is a growing market in what the industry calls “zero-day exploits“. The majority of security testers agree that the ethical thing to do
33、 when they discover a flaw in a computer programme is to give the manufacturer sufficient warning for it to prepare a software patch before going public with the finding. More and more ruinerabilities are being detected by shady hackers who auction their exploits off to the highest-bidding crooks. N
34、asty little zero-day tricks that exploit flaws in popular software go for $20,000 to $30,000 each. A zero-day exploit for Microsofts new Windows Vista operating system will fetch anything up to $50,000. A Trojan horse designed for stealing online account information can be snapped up for as little a
35、s $5,000. When a new exploit is unleashed on an unsuspecting market, it bypasses all the anti-virus software and leaves the susceptible programs maker scrambling with “zero days“ to fix the vulnerability. By the time a patch is ready, the perpetrator has cleaned up and moved on. E What can you do to
36、 protect your identity? First off, change your passwords regularlyespecially if you bank online or store personal information on a laptop that gets toted around and can be easily stolen. Freeze your credit record. No one can open a line of credit against your account without access to your credit re
37、cord. That way you will also put paid to all those tiresome (and potentially dangerous) offers of pre-approved credit cards. Be especially leery of e-mail messages purporting to be from banks, stores or government agencies that ask for personal information. Never, ever respond to an e-mail request t
38、o verify your account number or password. Legitimate companies just dont ask for such things as a matter of principle. F Protect your computer from viruses, spyware and other forms of malware. Always use a firewall plus an anti-virus program and a couple of anti-spyware packages, and set them to upd
39、ate themselves automatically. Before buying anything online, check your browsers status bar for a locked padlock symbol. Look also in the address bar and make sure it is using the secure form of the hypertext transport protocol (i.e. “https“ rather than the insecure “http“). Finally, buy a paper shr
40、edder. That will discourage dumpster divers from fishing out pre-approved credit-card offers from your rubbish bin. It could be the best twenty dollars youll ever spend. 14 Questions 14-17 The text has 6 paragraphs (A-F). Which paragraph does each of the following headings best fit? 14 Buying a fake
41、 ID. 15 Zero day exploits. 16 Better than the drug trade. 17 Increasingly common crime. 18 Questions 18-22 According to the text, FIVE of the following statements are true. Write the corresponding letters in answer boxes 18 to 22 in any order. A. It is not a problem if illegal immigrants buy fake ID
42、s. B. Identity theft is often hard to discover immediately. C. Symantec is a new firm. D. Phishing scams involve convincing people to give their details over the intemet. E. Honest computer security testers tell the software company when they find zero day exploits. F. Trojan horses only steal onlin
43、e bank account information. G. People shouldnt respond to emails asking for confidential information. H. Check for online security measures before buying things online. 23 Questions 23-26 According to the information given in the text, choose the correct answer or answers from the choices given. 23
44、An identity can （ A） cost $150. （ B） take a long time to restore if stolen. （ C） only be bought in parks. 24 Internet criminals rarely try to hack into banking systems because （ A） the punishments are too high. （ B） the chances of being caught are too high. （ C） it is more difficult than stealing in
45、dividuals information. 25 Zero day exploits （ A） avoid computer programme security measures. （ B） are easy to detect. （ C） are always sold to the highest bidder. 26 Ways to protect your identity include （ A） freezing your credit record. （ B） accepting pre-approved credit offers. （ C） shredding certa
46、in letters and documents. 26 The School Where Pupils Rate Their Teachers Pupils observe their teacher at the George Mitchell School in London There is nothing on the outside of George Mitchell School, in east London, to show that it is anything but the usual kind of old London secondary school, buil
47、t to last but badly in need of a coat of paint. Inside, however, education is being rapidly propelled into the 2tst century, and the people who are doing it are the pupils. At George Mitchell, pupils have been given “ownership“ of their schooling. They observe and criticise lessons, make suggestions
48、 to teachers about how they could teach better, and interview candidates for teaching posts. The scheme has gone so well that the school is now giving students even more responsibility by abandoning traditional homework in favour of optional out-of-class work which students can decide whether they w
49、ill do or not. “There is a lot of lip service given to the idea of student involvement in education,“ says head teacher Helen Jeffery, “but I had never seen pupils given an honest say. We wanted our students to have this. “And the feedback weve had from them has been amazing. My experience with children told me they would rise to the occasion and there has not been one single instance where children have behaved maliciously or malevolently.“ George Mitchell is an 11-to-16 school serving a multi-ethnic communit
