1、2010年武汉大学二外英语考研真题试卷及答案与解析 一、 Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 0 I doubt anyone with cross-cultural experience can read Osland and Bird s article without remembering a moment when careful cross-cultural prepar
2、ation had to be jettisoned. The moment that came to my mind was meeting a Japanese colleague on a visit to the United States. Instead of the formality and reserve I expected, he kicked off his shoes, tucked his feet under him in a chair. And leaned close to me conspiratorially saying: “ So what is i
3、t really like here at corporate headquarters?“ His behavior made no sense within my “sophisticated stereotype“ of Japanese culture, but we nonetheless found common ground and developed a good relationship. Overtime, I came to realize that he was a free spirit whose exuberant personality overrode his
4、 cultural group norms. Osland and Bird s model is helpful in explaining this and other paradoxical experiences, and it looks as if it has broader application than traditional expatriate training. This is important because companies like mine, Kodak, have people of many nationalities who lead multicu
5、ltural teams, work on multi-country projects, and travel monthly outside their home countries. In any year, they may work in Paris, Shanghai, Istanbul, Moscow, or Buenos Aires with colleagues from different set of countries. It is impossible for these global travelers to remember a sophisticated ste
6、reotype for each culture they encounter, much less develop a deep understanding of each. Kodak has also gone beyond traditional cultural training by addressing multiculturalism from a team perspective. In this regard, we developed a workbook for leaders managing global teams. The workbook explains i
7、n simple terms the roles of team members and team leaders in different cultures using Hofstede s cultural dimension of hierarchy/equality, individualism/collectivism, task/relationship, and risk avoidance/risk comfort. But the workbook also offers the following advice, which is consistent with Oslan
8、d and Bird s thesis: “Because a team member comes from a country where a particular orientation exists does not mean that she will necessarily embody that orientation. Cross cultural tools are not flawlessly predictive, so be prepared for individual surprises and contradictions. “ 1 The purpose for
9、the author in describing his experience with a Japanese is to show_. （ A） peoples stereotypes of culture might be different from reality （ B） how informal and rude his Japanese colleague is （ C） what a sophisticated stereotype people have on Japanese culture （ D） people s personality plays an import
10、ant role in forming cultural norms 2 What can be inferred from the passage about the traditional expatriate training? （ A） It used to analyze many culturally paradoxical experiences. （ B） It used to provide a lot of examples for trainees to remember. （ C） It used to help trainees develop a deep unde
11、rstanding of culture. （ D） It used to teach how to manage multicultural teams in a company. 3 According to the Kodak workbook, multicultural team leaders_. （ A） should not have any cultural prejudice against people （ B） should remember each member s role in the team （ C） should properly deal with ma
12、ny contradictions in work （ D） Should be flexible to new cultural phenomena 4 The word “jettisoned“(Line 2, Par. 1)means_. （ A） counted on （ B） neglected （ C） modified （ D） given up 5 What is the authors attitude towards Osland and Birds article? （ A） Critical. （ B） Positive. （ C） Neutral. （ D） Dubi
13、ous. 5 As everyone knows, there are far too many people in the word. Or at least, there soon will be too many people, because the rate of population increase is running out of control. We are, as they say, breeding like rabbits, and rabbits are widely recognized as destructive animals. People are po
14、ssibly the most serious of all pollutants. We hear this so often, from such distinguished persons, that it must be true. So we accept it. The arithmetic tells its own story and never better than in the words of Paul Ehrlich, whose Population Bomb drew the matter to our attention many years ago. “ Le
15、t s examine what might happen on the absurd assumption that the population continued to double every 37 years into the indefinite future. If growth continued at that rate for about 900 years, there would be some 60,000,000, 000,000,000 people on the face of the earth. Sixty million billion people. T
16、his is about 100 persons for each square yard of the Earth s surface, land and sea. “ Images were generated in which the entire visible universe consisted of a solid mass of human bodies. It is not really the fault of us western Europeans, Australians and North Americans. It is not in our countries
17、that the increase is taking place. Growth is concentrated in the less industrialized countries, among the poor. The people of Whom we have, or will have, too many are poor, many of them are very poor indeed, and there seems to be little that can be done about it, beyond urging them to behave more re
18、sponsibly and criticizing those who oppose the widespread provision of contraceptive devices. The choice we face in our arithmetic of poor people is between reducing one or other of the two apparent variables: the people or their poverty. In fact it is not that simple, for reducing poverty would sur
19、ely encourage people to breed faster, so eliminating what we had helped them to gain at no small cost to ourselves. No matter how you look at it, the future seems pretty grim. Obviously, such a rate of growth cannot be sustained. The question centers not on whether it will end, but how, and most com
20、mentators, following the line of reasoning popularized by Paul Ehrlich, suppose the end will be disastrous. Our numbers will be reduced; sword, fire, famine and pestilence will sweep the world on an unprecedented scale. 6 According to the passage, the word s overpopulation is due to_. （ A） uncontrol
21、led birth rate （ B） reproduction of destructive animals （ C） recognition of people as serious pollutants （ D） constant repetition of it by distinguished persons 7 Paul Ehrlich, who was the first to use “ population bomb“ _. （ A） did not believe in the story told by the arithmetic （ B） believed that
22、population bomb would never explode （ C） did not believe population growth rate would sustain （ D） generated a gloomy prediction about world population growth 8 The passage indicates that_. （ A） there are fears of less industrialized countries （ B） there are fears of the rapid growth of world popula
23、tion （ C） peoples a fears of “ population bomb“ are ungrounded （ D） people s fears of “population bomb“ are disastrous 9 The author of the passage seems very depressed and pessimistic about the future because （ A） many people are against providing contraceptive devices （ B） growth takes place among
24、the very poor in the less industrialized countries （ C） many people refuse to take advice and behave responsibly （ D） reducing numbers and lessening poverty are heavily dependent on each other 10 The line of reasoning popularized by Paul Ehrlich suggests_. （ A） that the rate or growth could not be c
25、hecked without war or natural disasters （ B） either family size or poverty should be reduced （ C） serious warnings should be given against disasters （ D） that danger we face is more serious than we imagine 10 Shakespeare, apparently, had it right. All the world is a stage. “ You are actors, and the
26、stage is your family,“ says Claude Gudner, a marriage and family therapist in Ontario, Canada. “The kids see everything on that stage. “ For better or worse, our day-to-day interactions with our spouse such things as decision making , conflict and displays of affection-slowly construct what Judith S
27、iegel calls our children s “ blueprint for intimacy. “ Siegel is the author of What Children Learn from Their Parents Marriage. She says research shows that this primary model of intimacy makes a lasting impression on kids. “ In a problematic marriage, children might develop behavior problems or hea
28、lth problems such as gaining weight or headaches,“ says Siegel. Their grades may drop, their personalities change. And kids can carry the burden of marital difficulties into their own adult relationships. “ Not only can kids take on their parents unfinished business, but this can be passed down gene
29、ration upon generation,“ Gudner explains. There s a positive flip side to this, of course. “ When we look at children who come from families where there are healthy marital relationships, we see it reflected in their physical health as well as their ability to function well socially and academically
30、,“ says Siegel. Experts and parents agree that the bedrock of a healthy marriage is mutual respect “ It s always been very important to us that we don t cut each other down in front of the kids,“ says Jasmine Burns. Saving criticism until after the fact can also work. “ Many times I think my husband
31、 is too hard on the boys,“ says Iwona McNeil. “ But I let him handle the situation, and then when we are alone, I let him know what I think. “ Siegel also urges parents to be careful when and where they choose to blow off steam about their spouse s shortcomings. “ People sometimes complain to their
32、family and friends about their partner on the telephone, not realizing that their children are listening,“ she explains. 11 The best title for the passage might be_. （ A） Our Life Is A Stage （ B） Children Watch Us （ C） Saving Criticism （ D） Children s Blueprint 12 A better interaction between the pa
33、rents is very important to children in that_. （ A） it shows mutual respect （ B） it lets children enjoy more love （ C） it enhances children s development （ D） it makes a last impression on children 13 Siegel believes that the cause for children s loneliness might be_. （ A） parents higher expectation
34、（ B） their own personality change （ C） their failure in academic study （ D） parents marital difficulties 14 McNeil seldom criticizes her husband openly in that_. （ A） her husband can correct his own mistakes （ B） she fears her children will see her criticism （ C） she loves her husband is very consid
35、erate （ D） her husband values much his own dignity 15 What can be learned from the last paragraph? （ A） Don t complain about your partners in front of children. （ B） Don t complain about anyone on the telephone. （ C） Be careful when talking about others shortcomings. （ D） Be considerate to your fami
36、ly and friends. 15 One of the biggest barriers to effective negotiation and a major cause of stalemate is the tendency for bargainers to get trapped in their own perspectives. It s simply too easy for people to become overly confident of their opinions. Operating in a closed world of their making, t
37、hey tell themselves they are right and the others are wrong. They consider the merits of their positions but neglect the other party s valid objections. They push their agendas, merely with the same argument, and may not pick up on cues that their words aren t being heard. It s safe to assume that t
38、he other party is just as convinced that his or her own demands are justified. Moreover, bargainers can only speculate what another s agenda might behidden or otherwise. Appreciative moves to draw out another s perspective help negotiators understand why the other party feels a certain way. They sig
39、nal to the other side that different opinions and perspectives are important. By creating opportunities to discover something new and unexpected, appreciative moves can break a stalemate. Everyone agreed that a joint venture negotiated by HMO executive Donna Hitchcock between her organization and an
40、 insurance company has mutual benefits on both sides. Although the deal looked good on paper, implementation stalled. Hitchcock couldn t understand where the resistance was coming and why. In attempt to unfreeze the situation, she arranged a meeting with her counterpart from the insurance company. A
41、fter a brief update, Hitchcock asked a-bout any unexpected effects the joint venture was exerting on the insurance organization and on Her counterpart s work life. That appreciative move immediately broke the logjam. From her counterpart s perspectives, she learned, the new arrangement stretched alr
42、eady overworked departments and had not yet produced additional revenues to hire more staff. Even more important, her counterpart was personally bearing the burden of the increased work. Hitchcock was genuinely sympathetic to these concerns. The extra work was legitimate obstacle to implementation.
43、Once she understood the reason behind the resistance, the two were able to strategize on ways to alleviate the overload until the additional revenues kicked in. 16 The best title for the passage might be_. （ A） Solicit New Perspectives （ B） Respect Your Counterpart （ C） Avoid Obstacles to Negotiatio
44、n （ D） Listen to Others Objection 17 Many people are likely to push their agenda just because_. （ A） there are not any valid objections （ B） there are no barriers to negotiation （ C） they are too confident in their ability （ D） they believe they are justified 18 The purpose for the author in citing
45、Hitchcock s example is_. （ A） to explain why many people often fail in the negotiation （ B） to suggest how we can become more appreciative （ C） to suggest how we can value other people s values （ D） to explain why many people often expect something new 19 The word “logjam“(Line 5 , Para. 4)means_. （
46、 A） block （ B） failure （ C） prejudice （ D） misunderstanding 20 Hitchcock couldn t succeed in implementing the plan at beginning in that_. （ A） she didn t know what difficulties her counterpart had （ B） she didn t show the potential advantages to her counterpart （ C） she didn t expect what would happ
47、en in the cooperation （ D） she didn t find proper strategies and methods 21 She wrote an_letter to the newspaper complaining about the council s action. （ A） disappointed （ B） surprised （ C） indignant （ D） disapproved 22 There s growing_among the electorate with the old two-party system. （ A） impati
48、ence （ B） disbelief （ C） hopelessness （ D） insistence 23 He could have told us what had happened, but he did not_to. （ A） choose （ B） promise （ C） select （ D） allow 24 It is impossible to_the news unless you read the newspaper every day. （ A） look up in （ B） keep up with （ C） put up with （ D） follow
49、 up 25 The missing child s parents became more and more worried as the hours_. （ A） spent （ B） missed （ C） passed （ D） went 26 As the bus_into the station there was a rush to get seats. （ A） drew （ B） sent （ C） arrived （ D） pulled 27 Unable to speak a word of that language, he_with his hands. （ A） related （ B） communicated （ C） connected （ D） exchanged 28 Well need_milk if Bob and Mary are coming for the weekend.
