1、考研英语模拟试卷 18及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 What does the future hold for the problem of housing? A good (1)_ depends, of course, on the meaning of“ future“. If one is thinking
2、 in (2)_ of science fiction and the space age (3)_ at least possible to assume that man will have solved such trivial and earthly problems as housing. Writers of science fiction have (4)_ the suggestion that men will live in great comfort, with every (5)_ device to make life smooth, healthy and easy
3、, (6)_ not happy. But they have not said what his house will be made of. The problems of the next generation or two can more readily be imagined. Scientists have already pointed out that (7)_ something is done either to restrict the worlds rapid growth in population or to discover and develop new so
4、urces of food (or both), millions of people will be dying of starvation or, (8)_, suffering from under feeding before this (9)_ is out. But nobody has worked out any plan for housing these growing populations. Admittedly the worse situations will occur in the (10)_ parts of the world, where housing
5、can be of light structure, or in backward areas where standards are (11)_ low. But even the minimum shelter requires materials of (12)_ kind, and in the crowded, bulging towns the low-standard“ housing“ of flattened petrol mans and dirty canvas is far more wasteful (13)_ ground space than can be tol
6、erated. Since the war, Hong Kong has suffered the kind of crisis which is likely to (14)_ in many other places during the next generation. (15)_ millions of refugees arrived to (16)_ the already growing population and emergency steps had to be taken to prevent squalor and disease and the (17)_ of cr
7、ime. Hong Kong is only one small part of what will certainly become a vast problem and not (18)_ a housing problem, because when population grows at this rate there are (19)_ problems of education, transport, water supply and so on. Not every area may have the same resources as Hong Kong to (20)_ an
8、d the search for quicker and cheaper methods of construction must never cease. （ A） transaction （ B） deal （ C） definition （ D） assumption （ A） reference （ B） respect （ C） terms （ D） consequence （ A） he is （ B） one is （ C） it is （ D） we are （ A） conveyed （ B） conceived （ C） deduced （ D） formulated （
9、A） conceptual （ B） considerate （ C） conceivable （ D） complimentary （ A） if （ B） but （ C） yet （ D） although （ A） only if （ B） even if （ C） in case （ D） unless （ A） for the better （ B） in the least （ C） at the most （ D） at the best （ A） age （ B） resource （ C） century （ D） problem （ A） hottest （ B） col
10、dest （ C） poorest （ D） richest （ A） customarily （ B） habitually （ C） conventionally （ D） traditionally （ A） every （ B） some （ C） this （ D） certain （ A） of （ B） on （ C） for （ D） with （ A） rise （ B） raise （ C） arise （ D） arouse （ A） Precisely （ B） Numerically （ C） Literally （ D） Previously （ A） swell
11、（ B） diverge （ C） inflate （ D） delete （ A） extension （ B） disposal （ C） spread （ D） expansion （ A） likely （ B） certainly （ C） merely （ D） necessarily （ A） accompanying （ B） associating （ C） escorting （ D） attaching （ A） stretch out （ B） stick to （ C） take in （ D） draw upon Part A Directions: Read th
12、e following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 When a Shanghai ad consultant was recently asked to recommend young local designers to an international agency, he sent three candidates with years of work experience. But the company decided they w
13、erent good enough and had to import designers from the West. Its a common problem that Chinese vocational grads simply havent had good enough teaching. Most of the lecturers dont have any real work experience, so they cant teach useful things. When graduates do get hired, they basically have to be r
14、e-educated. Chinas rapid economic expansion has exposed many frailties in its education system, especially on the vocational side. The country cant produce enough skilled workers. In part thats because it invests far more in academic than vocational programs. Funding has fallen significantly since t
15、he 1990s. Partly as a result, today only 38 percent or so of Chinas high-school-age students attend vocational schools, well below the official target of 50 percent. To address this deficit, last year Beijing pledged to spend almost $2 billion on 100 new vocational colleges and 1,000 high schools. A
16、nd this year it started offering annual subsidies to vocational students. But Chinas training is too abstract, whats urgently required are technicians who can come up with a good idea and turn it into a marketable product. Parts of the country are already adapting; in Shenzhen, local institutes offe
17、r “made to order“ training for particular businesses. And some vocational colleges have introduced practical research projects. But vocational education faces a deeper problem: its image. Chinas middle class is eager to forget its experience with physical labor, and few allow their children to becom
18、e technical workers. Everyone thinks these are things that low-class people do. Thus China now produces record numbers of college grads who struggle to find work because they lack the skills for manufacturing, where demand is greatest. One fix would be to re-brand vocational subjects as “professiona
19、l“, not “manual“ skills. At the other end of the spectrum are Chinas 100 million-plus rural migrant workers, many of whom have little schooling. They have never learned how to work with others, to live in the city, save money or choose the right job. Thus they find it hard to learn from their jobs o
20、r plan their careers. This results in extremely high labor turnover. Teaching and training“ life skills“ to complement vocational programs would help. Yet the urgency of Chinas skilled-labor shortfall will force a rethink. For now, China is relying on cheap, low-skilled, labor-intensive production,
21、but its not sustainable in the long term, We must raise our skills level, and its impossible for state-run colleges to do all the training. Indeed, with the demand for skilled workers growing all the time, China will need all the help it can get. 21 Why are Chinese vocational grads inferior to their
22、 Western counterparts? （ A） Because China spends less on vocational education training. （ B） Because they simply dont have enough work experience. （ C） Because their lecturers are less qualified than the foreign ones. （ D） Because their teachers dont want to teach any useful things. 22 According to
23、the text, a lower rate of school-aged teenagers enter vocational schools in China mainly because _. （ A） the vocational education lacks government financial support. （ B） the public do not think much of the vocational workers. （ C） few allow their children to become technical workers. （ D） they fear
24、 that they can not find a job after graduation. 23 In the authors opinion, the best way to solve a more serious problem of Chinese vocational education is _. （ A） to train students to turn their ideas into products. （ B） to change peoples biased impression of its image. （ C） to set up programs to tr
25、ain rural migrant workers. （ D） to meditate on the deficits of vocational education. 24 By mentioning the problems of Chinese vocational education, the author tends to _. （ A） emphasize that Chinas vocational training is too abstract （ B） inform that the image of vocational work is negative （ C） war
26、n that the rural immigrant workers lack vocational training （ D） suggest that the government investment on it is not enough 25 What is the authors attitude towards vocational education in China? （ A） Paradoxical. （ B） Inconsistent. （ C） Apprehensive. （ D） Critical. 26 The moon appears to warp the mi
27、nds of some men. Despite putting men on the moon in 1969 America seems determined on re-enacting the space race, this time pitting its efforts against those of the Chinese. Now a Russian company claims it could develop a system to exploit the moons natural resources and potentially relocate harmful
28、industries there. This is lunacy. Russia certainly has great prowess in space. In its former guise as the centre of power in the Soviet Union it launched the first man-made satellite in 1957. In a spectacular follow up, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in space in 1961. Another triumph came in 1
29、968 when the Russians sent a spaceship to orbit the moon with turtles aboard, returning it and its living cargo safely to Earth. An unmanned Russian spacecraft also landed on the moon ahead of the first manned landing by the Americans. Even after Neil Armstrong took his one small step, Russia has pr
30、oved its superiority in keeping people in space stations orbiting the Earth. The Russian Soyuz rocket is a mainstay of satellite launches and would be used to rescue astronauts should any accident befall the International Space Station. Head of the spacecraft manufacturer that helped achieve these R
31、ussian successes, this week boasted that his rockets could be used to industrialise the moon. So why were his remarks greeted with such scepticism? One reason for the cynicism is that the idea is absurd. A United Nations treaty passed in 1967 bans potentially harmful interference with the Earths ori
32、ginal satellite and requires international consultation before proceeding with any activity that could disrupt the peaceful exploration of space, including the moon. A second problem is that landing on the moon has proved beyond the budget of any state other than America and of any private company t
33、o date. In fact one of the best hopes for investment comes from space tourism. On Saturday April 7th, the fifth such holidaymaker entered space aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket. Charles Simonyi, an American software developer, paid $25m for his ten-day stay at the International Space Station. The next
34、holiday destination is the moon. The tour operator that organised the first five packages is offering two tickets to orbit the moon for $100m each. Launch would be aboard a Soyuz spacecraft. But the Soyuz system was designed in the 1960s and has been on the verge of retirement for many years. Unfort
35、unately the Russian authorities have postponed indefinitely the development of a successor. Thus the claim of the industrialisation of the moon is unlikely to succeed. 26 The Underlined word“ lunacy“ (Line 4, Paragraph 1) most probably means _. （ A） an effort to explore the universe. （ B） a kind of
36、insane state connected with the moon. （ C） the ability to transfer harmful industries onto the moon. （ D） the power to orbit around the moon. 27 Which of the following is not Russian achievement in space exploration? （ A） The first astronaut who was sent to space. （ B） The first landing of manned sp
37、acecraft on the moon. （ C） Launching of the first man-made satellite. （ D） Rockets that can be used to save astronauts in space stations. 28 Why was the claim of the Russian company widely criticized? （ A） Russia is not able to develop such advanced space technologies. （ B） The cost will be too high
38、 for a country to afford. （ C） It violates agreements on the exploration of the moon. （ D） Landing on the moon needs much more than orbiting it. 29 According to the text, which is the most probable result of the development of space tourism? （ A） It is mainly taken by US software developers such as
39、Charles Simonyi. （ B） It need the development of new rocket systems to replace the current one. （ C） It brings to a new round of space race between US and China. （ D） It witnesses the success of the industrialization of the moon. 30 The Russian company has boasted such claims mainly because they _.
40、（ A） get more financial support from the government. （ B） explore the moon and acquire more natural resources for human beings. （ C） transfer harmful industries to the moon to prevent our environment. （ D） attract more space travelers to develop the space tourism industry. 31 Its easy to get the sen
41、se these days that youve stumbled into a party with some powerful drug that dramatically alters identity. The faces are familiar, but the words coming out of them arent. Something has happened to a lot of people you used to think you knew. Theyve changed into something like their own opposite. There
42、s Bill Gates, who these days is spending less time earning money than giving it away and pulling other billionaires into the deep end of global philanthropy(慈善事业 ) with him. Theres historian Francis Fukuyama, leading a whole gang of disaffected fellow travelers away from neoconservatism. To flip-flo
43、pis human. It can still sometimes be a political liability, evidence of a flaky disposition or rank opportunism. But there are circumstances in which not to reverse course seems almost pathological(病态的 ). Hes a model of consistency, Stephen Colbert said last year of George W. Bush:“ He believes the
44、same thing Wednesday that he believed on Monday no matter what happened on Tuesday“. Over the past three years, I found people who had pulled a big U-turn in their lives. Often the insight came in a forehead-smiting moment in the middle of the night: Ive got it all wrong. It looked at first like a s
45、prinkling of outliers beyond the curve of normal human experience. But when you stepped back, a pattern emerged. What these personal turns had in common was the apprehension that were all connected. Everything leans on something, is both dependent and depended on. “The difference between you and me“
46、, a visiting Chinese student told University of Michigan psychologist Richard Nisbett not long ago“, is that I think the world is a circle, and you think its a line“. The remark prompted the professor to write a book, The Geography of Thought, about the differences between the Western and the Asian
47、mind. To Western thinking, the world is linear; you can chop it up and analyze it, and we can all work on our little part of the project independently until its solved. The classically Eastern mind, according to Nisbett, sees things differently: the world isnt a length of rope but a vast, closed cha
48、in, incomprehensibly complex and ever changing. When you look at life from this second perspective, some unlikely connections reveal themselves. I realized this was what almost all the U-turns had in common: people had swung around to face East. They had stopped thinking in a line and started thinki
49、ng in a circle. Morality was looking less like a set of rules and more like a story, one in which they were part of an ensemble cast, no longer the star. 31 What can we infer from first two paragraphs? （ A） Some people have changed into someone another. （ B） Rhere are some drugs that can change ones identity. （ C） Some moneybags are pulled to act as philanthropist. （ D） francis Fukuyama has become a great traveler. 32 The word “flip-flop“(Li
