1、考研英语模拟试卷 272及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Some of the concerns surrounding Turkeys application to join the European Union, to be (1)_ on by the EUs Council of Ministers on D
2、ecember 17th, are economic in particular, the countrys relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. (2)_ it is not far off that of Latviaone of the ten new members which (3)_ on May 1st 2004, and it is much the same as (4)_ of two coun
3、tries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded (5)_ talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007. (6)_, the countrys recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, stunning. GDP in the second quarter of the year
4、was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a (7)_ of growth that no EU country comes close to (8)_. Turkeys (9)_ rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country (10)_ agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic program that will help
5、Turkey (11)_ inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economys resilience. Resilience has not historically been the countrys economic strong point. (12)_, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram (13)_ a violent heart attack. This (14)_ has been one of the main reaso
6、ns why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual (15)_ have scarcely ever reached $1 billion. One deterrent to foreign investors is due to (16)_ on January 1st 2005. On that day, Tu
7、rkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six zeros will be removed from the face value of the lira(里拉，货币单位 ); one unit of the local (17)_ will henceforth be worth what 1 million are now i.e., about 0.53 (0.53欧元 ). Goods will have to be (1
8、8)_ in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, (19)_ foreign bankers and (20)_ can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros. （ A） decided （ B） voted （ C） elected （ D） appointed （ A） But （ B） So （ C） Th
9、ough （ D） While （ A） presented （ B） attended （ C） joined （ D） participated （ A） that （ B） which （ C） those （ D） these （ A） application （ B） accession （ C） reception （ D） negotiation （ A） Unfortunately （ B） However （ C） Therefore （ D） Furthermore （ A） ratio （ B） rate （ C） rhythm （ D） rhyme （ A） appro
10、aching （ B） surpassing （ C） matching （ D） succeeding （ A） inflation （ B） interest （ C） investment （ D） tariff （ A） claimed （ B） reached （ C） concluded （ D） achieved （ A） reduce （ B） drop （ C） shrink （ D） descend （ A） Instead （ B） Indeed （ C） Accordingly （ D） Surprisingly （ A） manifesting （ B） accoun
11、ting （ C） recording （ D） photocopying （ A） mobility （ B） flexibility （ C） stability （ D） irregularity （ A） inflows （ B） imports （ C） exports （ D） outputs （ A） revive （ B） remain （ C） disappear （ D） discharge （ A） current （ B） currency （ C） stock （ D） share （ A） priced （ B） labeled （ C） claimed （ D）
12、exchanged （ A） though （ B） but （ C） for （ D） since （ A） merchants （ B） travelers （ C） investors （ D） executives Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 About three-quarters of Americans, according to surveys, thi
13、nk the country is on the wrong track. About two-thirds of the public disapprove of the job performance of President Bush, and an even higher number disdain Congress. The media are excited about the prospect of a wealthy businessman running for President as an independent who could tap into broad pub
14、lic disgruntlement with the partisan politicians in Washington. 2007? Yes. But also 1992. The main difference between the two situations is that Michael Bloomberg is richer and saner than Ross Perot. But one similarity might be this: the American people were wrong then and may be wrong now. The wide
15、spread pessimism in the early 1990s about the course of the country turned out to be unwarranted. The rest of the decade featured impressive economic growth, a falling crime rate, successful reform of the welfare system and a reasonably peaceful world. Perhaps the problems werent so bad in the first
16、 place, or perhaps the political system produced politicians, like Bill Clinton, Rudy Giuliani and Newt Gingrich, who were able to deal with the problems. But, in any case, the country got back on course. Thats not to say all was well in the 1990s, especially in foreign policy. Responsibilities in p
17、laces ranging from Bosnia to Rwanda to Afghanistan were shirked, and gathering dangers werent dealt with. Still, the sour complaints and dire predictions of 1992 oh, my God, the budget deficit will do us in! were quickly overtaken by events. Whats more, the fear of many conservatives that we might b
18、e at the mercy of unstoppable forces of social disintegration turned out to be wrong. Indeed, the dire predictions were rendered obsolete so quickly that one wonders whether we were, in 1992, really just indulging in some kind of post-cold-war victory. Sometimes the public mood is.well, moody. Today
19、 were moody again. We are obviously fighting a difficult and, until recently, badly managed war in Iraq, whose outcome is uncertain. This accounts for much of the pessimism. It also doesnt help that the political system seems incapable of dealing with big problems like immigration, an energy policy
20、and health care. Still, is the general feeling that everything is going to the dogs any more justified today than it was 15 years ago? Not really. Think of it this way: Have events in general gone better or worse than most people would have predicted on Sept. 12, 2001? Theres been no successful seco
21、nd attack here in the U.S. and very limited terrorist successes in Europe or even in the Middle East. Weve had 5.5 years of robust economic growth, low unemployment and a stock-market recovery. Social indicators in the U.S. are mostly stable or improving abortions, teenage births and teenage drug us
22、e are down and education scores are up a bit. As for American foreign policy since 9-11, it has not produced the results some of us hoped for, and there are many legitimate criticisms of the Bush Administrations performance. But, in fact, despite the gloom and doom from critics left and right (inclu
23、ding, occasionally, me), the world seems to present the usual mixed bag of difficult problems and heartening developments. The key question, of course, is the fate of Iraq. A decent outcome the defeat of alameda in what it has made the central front in the war on terrorism and enough security so the
24、re can be peaceful rule by a representative regime seems to me achievable, if we dont lose our nerve here at home. With success in Iraq, progress elsewhere in the Middle East will be easier. The balance sheet is uncertain. But it is by no means necessarily grim. 21 According to the text, what might
25、have happened in 1992? （ A） The Americans had unwarranted pessimism about their state affairs. （ B） A wealthy businessman made his way into the white house. （ C） Slow economic progress with political crises prevailed the US. （ D） The media were unhappy about businessman running for the office. 22 Ac
26、cording to the author, the present pessimism in the US is mainly due to （ A） their chronic bad mood. （ B） the uncertain prospect in Iraq. （ C） the incapable political system. （ D） the unpromising president candidates. 23 The phrase “going to the dogs“(paragraph 3)most probably means （ A） becoming wo
27、rse. （ B） becoming lazier. （ C） becoming crazier. （ D） becoming easier. 24 The author seems to believe that the US will have positive outcomes in Iraq if （ A） enough security can be obtained after the war on terrorism. （ B） troops in Iraq take no further military actions. （ C） a representative regim
28、e is established through peaceful means. （ D） people in the US remain calm and reasonable. 25 The authors attitude towards the present situation in the US is （ A） confused. （ B） uncertain. （ C） optimistic. （ D） pessimistic. 26 Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and down
29、s seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economys vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force
30、 and are expected to generate half of ail new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own. Too many of these pioneers, however, wil
31、l blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and fi
32、nd another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have d
33、isappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds:
34、 Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs. Thinking through an enterprise be
35、fore the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firms health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age. You mast tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small-business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of de
36、caying profitability. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financia
37、l well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save. Frequent checks of your firms vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, ad
38、d products or perhaps franchise your hot idea. 26 According to the text, the main difference between a multinational corporation and a small business lies in （ A） the proportion of work force. （ B） the frequency appeared on the headlines. （ C） the number of the workers. （ D） the way of opening a bus
39、iness. 27 We may conclude from the text that （ A） the future of the small businesses is promising and undoubtedly encouraging. （ B） all those who leave their jobs will be a boss of a small business. （ C） everyone should look before they leap when they decide managing small business. （ D） the success
40、 of small business solely depends on the bosses who perform their last jobs. 28 When opening small businesses, the most important thing for small-business owners to do is （ A） to make a thorough analysis on the market, （ B） to invest much more money in small business. （ C） to cut down the workers wa
41、ges, （ D） to think carefully about the internal specific conditions in the small enterprises, 29 In a recent research, after three years,_ small enterprises will he alive among 3,000 small businesses. （ A） more than 60 （ B） more than 51 （ C） more than 2,310 （ D） more than 2,400 30 The authors attitu
42、de towards the development of small businesses is （ A） worried. （ B） unconcerned. （ C） optimistic. （ D） cautious. 31 Historically, the European Union has not bothered with funding much basic scientific research. Such activities have mainly remained the preserve of national governments, not least bec
43、ause giving scientists free rein can lead to discoveries that not only make money but ultimately enhance military might. That attitude is now changing. The European Commission proposes to establish a European Research Council(ERC) that would spend a maximum of 12 billion($14 billion) over seven year
44、s on“ blue skies“ research. While the plans are being generally welcomed by Europes member states, their details are problematic. The proposed ERC is intended to make Europe more competitive. Europe has some first-class universities, scientific institutions and research organizations, But, the ERCs
45、proponents argue, their activities are fragmented, so they are not reaching their full potential. In America, teams from across the country compete with each other for grants from the National Science Foundation. The proposed ERC is modeled on this scheme, It would award grants to individual researc
46、h teams for a specific project, solely on the basis of scientific merit judged by peer review, If the ERC were created, scientists from across Europe would compete with each other for funds, rather than merely competing with their fellow countrymen, as hap pens at present. This compares with the lim
47、ited funding for basic research that currently exists in the EU, which places its emphasis on collaboration between researchers. It is open only to researchers in a narrow range of disciplines chosen by the European Parliament and the commission. The ERC would be quite different, placing its emphasi
48、s on competition between researchers and leaving scientists themselves to decide which areas of science to pursue. Helga Nowotny, who chairs the European Research Advisory Board an advisory body to the commission says that winning a grant from the ERC could come to be seen as unmistakable recognitio
49、n of research excellence. The quality of European research needs to be stepped up a notch. Between 1980 and 2003, Europe had 68 Nobel laureates in medicine, physics and chemistry compared with 154 in America. With competition from China and India, Europes share could fall further. One of the reasons for Europes relatively weak performance is thought to be a lack of genuine competition between Europes researchers. Another is its poor ability to attract young peo
