1、考研英语模拟试卷 87及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Nowadays, more people are living closer together, and they use machines to produce leisure. As a result, they find that their leisur
2、e, and even their working hours, become (1)_ by a byproduct of their machines, (2)_ noise. Noise is in the news; it has acquired political (3)_, and public opinion is demanding, more and more (4)_, that something (5)_ about it. To control noise is to demand much (6)_(Annoyance arises often from, (7)
3、_ of common courtesy), a sense of proportion (There is usually a (8)_ of interest if a noise is to be stopped), the (9)_ of money (and it is far more economical to do this early (10)_ than late), and, finally, technical knowledge. Though the (11)_ care for noise is to stop it at its source, this may
4、 in many (12)_ be impossible. The next (13)_ is to absorb it on its way to the ear. Domestic noises may be controlled by forethought and (14)_, and industrial noises by good planning and technical (15)_ But if we are going to (16)_ fast motor-cycles and heavy (17)_ lorries to pass continuously throu
5、gh residential and business (18)_, the community must decide (19)_ the control it needs to (20)_ for in the long run it has got to pay for it. （ A） damaged （ B） spoilt （ C） destroyed （ D） interfered （ A） unexpectedly （ B） namely （ C） ideally （ D） swiftly （ A） standard （ B） status （ C） position （ D）
6、situation （ A） persistently （ B） permanently （ C） insistently （ D） stubbornly （ A） be done （ B） to be done （ C） is done （ D） being done （ A） self-confidence （ B） self-reliance （ C） self-discipline （ D） self-respect. （ A） reason （ B） lack （ C） virtue （ D） deficiency （ A） controversy （ B） contrast （ C
7、） contradiction （ D） conflict （ A） accumulation （ B） expenditure （ C） depreciation （ D） distribution （ A） other （ B） more （ C） rather （ D） better （ A） hopeful （ B） definite （ C） ideal （ D） expected （ A） cases （ B） conditions （ C） presentations （ D） circumstances （ A） remedy （ B） solution （ C） method
8、 （ D） procedure （ A） courtesy （ B） meditation （ C） politeness （ D） precaution （ A） perfection （ B） improvement （ C） investigation （ D） adoption （ A） allow （ B） let （ C） prohibit （ D） approve （ A） diesel （ B） decent （ C） decibel （ D） datum （ A） districts （ B） regions （ C） zones （ D） territories （ A）
9、for （ B） at （ C） with （ D） on （ A） practice （ B） exercise （ C） obtain （ D） acquire Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 A new era is upon us. Call it what you will: the service economy, the information age, th
10、e knowledge society. It is all translated to a fundamental change in the way we work. Already weve partly been there. The percentage of people who earn their living by making things has fallen dramatically in the Western World. Today the majority of jobs in America, Europe and Japan (two thirds or m
11、ore in many of these countries) are in the service industry, and the number is on the rise. More women are in the work force than ever before. There are more part time jobs. More people are self-employed. But the breadth of the economic transformation cant be measured by numbers alone, because it is
12、 also giving rise to a radical new way of thinking about the nature of work itself. Long-held notions about jobs and careers, the skills needed to succeed, even the relation between individuals and employers all these are being changed. We have only to look behind us to get some sense of what may li
13、e ahead No one looking ahead 20 years possibly could have foreseen the ways in which d single invention, the chip(芯片 ), would transform our world thanks to its applications in personal computers, digital communications and factory robots. Tomorrows achievements in biotechnology, artificial Intellige
14、nce or even some still unimagined technology could produce a similar wave of dramatic changes. But one thing is certain: information and knowledge will become even more vital, and the people who possess it, whether they work in manufacturing or services, will have the advantage and produce the wealt
15、h. Computer knowledge will become as basic a requirement as the ability to read and write. The ability to solve problems by applying information instead of performing routine tasks will be above all else. If you cast your mind ahead 10 years, information services will be predominant. It will be the
16、way you do your job. 21 A characteristic of the information age is that_ （ A） the service industry is relying more and more on the female work force （ B） manufacturing industries are steadily increasing （ C） people find it harder to earn a living by working in factories （ D） most of the job opportun
17、ities can now be found in service industry 22 One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge Society is that_ （ A） the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant （ B） peoples traditional concepts about work no longer hold true （ C） most people have to take par
18、t-time jobs （ D） people have to change their jobs from time to time 23 By referring to computers and other inventions, the author means to say that_ （ A） people should be able to respond quickly to the advancement of technology （ B） future achievements in technology will bring about inconceivable dr
19、amatic changes （ C） the importance of high technology has been overlooked （ D） computer science will play a leading role in the future information services 24 The future will probably belong to those who _ （ A） possess and know how to make use of information （ B） give full play to their brain potent
20、ial （ C） involve themselves in the, service industry （ D） cast their minds ahead instead of looking back 25 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?_ （ A） Computers and the Knowledge Society （ B） Service Industries in Modem Society （ C） Features and Implications of the New Era
21、 （ D） Rapid Advancement of Information Technology 26 The topic of thought is one area of psychology, and many observers have considered this aspect in connection with robots and computers: some of the old worries about Al (artificial intelligence) were closely linked to the question of whether compu
22、ters could think. The first massive electronic computers, capable of rapid (if often unreliable) computation and little or no creative activity, were soon named “electronic brains“. A reaction to this terminology quickly followed. To put them in their place, computers were called “high-speed idiots“
23、, an effort to protect human vanity. But not everyone realized the implications of the expression: “high-speed idiot“. It has not been pointed out often enough that even the human idiot is one of the most intelligent life forms on the earth. If the early computers were even that intelligent, it was
24、already a remarkable state of affairs. One consequence from studying the possibility of computer thought was that we were forced to examine with new care the idea of thought in general. It soon became clear that we were not sure what we meant by such terms as thought and thinking. We tend to assume
25、that human beings think, some more than others, though we often call people thoughtless or unthinking. Dreams cause a problem, partly because they usually happen outside our control. They are obviously some types of mental experience, but are they a type of thinking? And the question of nonhuman lif
26、e forms adds further problems. Many of us would maintain that some of the higher animals dogs, cats, apes, and so on are capable of at least basic thought, but what about fish and insects? It is certainly true that the higher mammals show complex brain activity when tested with the appropriate equip
27、ment. If thinking is demonstrated by evident electrical activity in the brain, then many animal species are capable of thought. Once we have formulated clear ideas on what thought is in biological creatures, it will be easier to discuss the question of thought in artificial machines. One of the grea
28、t benefits of AI research is that we are being forced to examine more closely the working of the human mind. It is already clear that machines have superior mental abilities to many life forms. No tree can play chess as well as even the simplest computer; nor can frogs repair car bodies as well as r
29、obots. It seems that, viewed in terms of intellect, the computer should be set well above plants and most animals. Only the higher animals can compete with computers with regard to intellect. 26 The first massive electronic computers were_ （ A） slow and reliable （ B） creative and accurate （ C） large
30、 and fast （ D） only capable of additions 27 By calling these early computers “high-speed idiots“, people were really implying that computers _ （ A） would never be capable of thinking （ B） were already somewhat intelligent （ C） can never work as rapidly as people （ D） would be as clever as normal hum
31、an beings 28 We may believe that such words as thought and thinking_ （ A） are terms that are not clear and will never be exactly defined （ B） might come to be better understood because of research into A1 （ C） have precise biological meanings that refer only to human mental processes （ D） should not
32、 be used to describe computers 29 It seems that mental activities are characteristic of_ （ A） all plants and animals （ B） some insects （ C） human beings （ D） some machines 30 The word “idiot“ (Para. 1) probably means_ （ A） a profound person （ B） a mental patient （ C） a mental disturbed person （ D） a
33、 foolish or stupid person 31 The importance and focus of the interview in the work of the print and broadcast journalist is reflected in several books that have been written on the topic. Most of these books, as well as several chapters, mainly in, but not limited to, journalism and broadcasting han
34、dbooks and reporting texts, stress the “flow to“ aspects of journalistic interviewing rather than the conceptual aspects of the interview, its context, and implications. Much of the “how to“ material is based on personal experiences and general impressions. As we know, in journalism as in other fiel
35、ds, much can be learned from the systematic study of professional practice. Such study brings together evidence from which broad generalized principles can be developed. There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting, but very little significant
36、 attention has been devoted to the study of the interview itself. On the other hand, many general texts as well as numerous research articles on interviewing in fields other than journalism have been written. Many of these books and articles present the theoretical and empirical aspects of the inter
37、view as well as the training of the interviewers. Unhappily, this plentiful general literature about interviewing pays little attention to the journalistic interview, which seems to be surprising for two reasons. First, it seems likely that most people in modem Western societies are more familiar, a
38、t least in a positive manner, with journalistic interviewing than any other form of interviewing. Most of us are probably somewhat familiar with the clinical interview, such as that conducted by physicians and psychologists. In these situations the professional person or interviewer is interested in
39、 getting information necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of the person seeking help. Another familiar situation is the job interview. However, very few of us have actually been interviewed personally by the mass media, particularly by television. And yet, we have a vivid acquaintance with the
40、journalistic interview by virtue of our roles as readers, listeners, and viewers. Even so, the understanding of the journalistic interview, especially television interviews, requires thoughtful analyses and even study, as this book indicates. 31 The key point of the first paragraph is that_ （ A） gen
41、eralized principles for journalistic interviews are the chief concern for writers on journalism （ B） importance should be attached to the systematic study of journalistic interviewing （ C） concepts and contextual implications are of secondary importance to journalistic interviewing （ D） personal exp
42、eriences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews 32 Much research has been done on interviews in general_ （ A） so the training of journalistic interviewers has likewise been strengthened （ B） though the study of the interviewing techniques hasnt received much attentio
43、n （ C） but journalistic interviewing as a specific field has unfortunately been neglected （ D） personal experiences and general impressions should be excluded from journalistic interviews 33 Westerners are familiar with the journalistic interview,_ （ A） but most of them wish to stay away from it （ B
44、） and many of them hope to be interviewed some day （ C） and many of them would like to acquire a true understanding of it （ D） but most of them may not have been interviewed in person 34 Who is the interviewee in a clinical interview?_ （ A） The patient （ B） The physician （ C） The journalist （ D） The
45、 psychologist 35 The article is most likely a part of_ （ A） a news article （ B） a journalistic interview （ C） a research report （ D） a preface 36 There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risks of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households
46、 own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be c
47、onsumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. One third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drives with BACs of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashed, the probability of their
48、involvements is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood. There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which drinking plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of the countrys population,
49、 it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be punished by this approach. To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at drinking drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath tests of drivers committing any traffic offense and higher BAC can be basis for ar
