1、Designation: C591 16C591 17Standard Specification forUnfaced Preformed Rigid Cellular PolyisocyanurateThermal Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C591; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification cover
3、s the types, physical properties, and dimensions of unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocya-nurate plastic material intended for use as thermal insulation on surfaces from -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C). For specificapplications, the actual temperature limits shall be agreed upon by the manufactu
4、rer and purchaser.1.2 This specification only covers “polyurethane modified polyisocyanurate” thermal insulation which is commonly referred toas “polyisocyanurate” thermal insulation. This standard does not encompass all polyurethane modified materials. Polyurethanemodified polyisocyanurate and othe
5、r polyurethane materials are similar, but the materials will perform differently under someservice conditions.1.3 This standard is designed as a material specification, not a design document. Physical property requirements vary byapplication and temperature.At temperatures below -70F (-51C) the phys
6、ical properties of the polyisocyanurate insulation at theservice temperature are of particular importance. Below -70F (-51C) the manufacturer and the purchaser must agree on whatadditional cold temperature performance properties are required to determine if the material can function adequately for t
7、heparticular application.1.4 This standard addresses requirements of unfaced preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation manufacturedusing blowing agents with an ozone depletion potential of 0 (ODP 0).1.5 When adopted by an authority having jurisdiction, codes that address fire prop
8、erties in many applications regulate the useof the thermal insulation materials covered by this specification. Fire properties are controlled by job, project, or otherspecifications where codes or government regulations do not apply.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as sta
9、ndard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this
10、 standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for
11、the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C165 Test Method for Measuring Compressive Properties of Thermal InsulationsC168 Terminology Relating to
12、 Thermal InsulationC177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of theGuarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC272/C272M Test Method for Water Absorption of Core Materials for Sandwich Constructions1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Com
13、mittee C16 on Thermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.22 on Organic andNonhomogeneous Inorganic Thermal Insulations.Current edition approved April 15, 2016Sept. 1, 2017. Published April 2016September 2017. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in
14、 20152016as C591 15.C591 16. DOI: 10.1520/C0591-16.10.1520/C0591-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM w
15、ebsite.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult pr
16、ior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C303 Test Method for Dimensions and Densi
17、ty of Preformed Block and BoardType Thermal InsulationC335/C335M Test Method for Steady-State Heat Transfer Properties of Pipe InsulationC390 Practice for Sampling and Acceptance of Thermal Insulation LotsC411 Test Method for Hot-Surface Performance of High-Temperature Thermal InsulationC518 Test Me
18、thod for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Heat Flow Meter ApparatusC550 Test Method for Measuring Trueness and Squareness of Rigid Block and Board Thermal InsulationC585 Practice for Inner and Outer Diameters of Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of Pipe and TubingC871
19、Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate, andSodium IonsC1045 Practice for Calculating Thermal Transmission Properties Under Steady-State ConditionsC1058/C1058M Practice for Selecting Temperatures for Evaluating and Reporting Therm
20、al Properties of Thermal InsulationC1114 Test Method for Steady-State Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of the Thin-Heater ApparatusC1303/C1303M Test Method for Predicting Long-Term Thermal Resistance of Closed-Cell Foam InsulationC1363 Test Method for Thermal Performance of Building Material
21、s and EnvelopeAssemblies by Means of a Hot BoxApparatusD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1621 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD1622/D1622M Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular PlasticsD2126 Test Method for Response of Rigid Cellular Plastics to Ther
22、mal and Humid AgingD2856 Test Method for Open-Cell Content of Rigid Cellular Plastics by the Air Pycnometer (Withdrawn 2006)3D6226 Test Method for Open Cell Content of Rigid Cellular PlasticsE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapo
23、r Transmission of Materials3. Terminology3.1 For descriptions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminologies C168 and D883.3.2 The term polyisocyanurate does not encompass all polyurethane containing materials (see 1.2).3.3 The term “core specimen” refers to representative samples cut i
24、n accordance with the sampling procedure listed within eachproperty test method.3.4 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.4.1 aged, vin relation to thermal conductivity testing, the act of delaying thermal conductivity testing for a specified timeperiod after the final polymerization.3.4.
25、1.1 DiscussionUnfaced preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation samples are aged because the thermal conductivity of thismaterial increases with time, primarily due to changes in the composition of the gas contained within the closed cells. The rateof this thermal conductivity inc
26、rease diminishes with time so an aging time prior to testing is selected to reasonably represent thelong-term performance of the material. The aging time for thermal conductivity test specimens of material covered by this standardis typically 180 days.3.4.2 conditioned, vthe act of putting specimens
27、 in specified temperature and humidity conditions immediately prior to testingto allow the specimens to reach temperature and moisture content equilibrium.3.4.2.1 DiscussionSamples are conditioned for a fairly short time period (typically 12 to 24 h) during which the test lab holds the sample at sta
28、ndardlab conditions (see 11.2) immediately prior to testing. If specimens are aged (see 3.4.1) for thermal conductivity testing at the sameconditions specified for conditioning and kept at these conditions until the time of testing, then a separate conditioning period atthe end of the aging period i
29、s not necessary.3.4.3 final polymerization, nthe final chemical reaction and cooling that occurs immediately following primary manufacturingof unfaced preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation materials created using a simultaneous blowing andexothermic polymerization process.3.4.
30、3.1 Discussion3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.C591 172Unfaced preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation materials created using a simultaneous blowing andexothermic polymerization process are formed into a shape such as a bun d
31、uring manufacture. This shape reaches its final formand size during primary manufacturing and is at a temperature substantially above ambient. This shape continues to undergo finalpolymerization and cooling for a time period ranging from a few hours to several days. This period of final polymerizati
32、on andcooling is part of the manufacturing process and samples are not taken for testing or quality control until the end of this periodis reached.3.4.4 ozone depletion potential (ODP), na relative index indicating the extent to which a chemical product causes ozonedepletion.3.4.4.1 DiscussionThe re
33、ference level of 1 is the potential of trichlorofluoromethane (R-11 or CFC-11) to cause ozone depletion. ODP 0 is an ozonedepletion potential of zero.3.4.5 primary manufacturing, nthe initial manufacturing step of unfaced preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermalinsulation materials that beg
34、ins with the mixing of the precursor chemicals and ends with the formation of the final bun shape.4. Classification4.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation covered by this specification is classified into sixtypes as follows:4.1.1 Type ICompressive resistance of 20 l
35、b/in2 (137 kPa), minimum.4.1.2 Type IVCompressive resistance of 22 lb/in2 (150 kPa), minimum.4.1.3 Type IICompressive resistance of 35 lb/in2 (240 kPa), minimum.4.1.4 Type IIICompressive resistance of 45 lb/in2 (310 kPa), minimum.4.1.5 Type VCompressive resistance of 80 lb/in2 (550 kPa), minimum.4.1
36、.6 Type VICompressive resistance of 125 lb/in2 (862 kPa), minimum.4.2 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation covered by this specification is classified into onegrade as follows:4.2.1 Grade 2Service temperature range of -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C).5. Ordering Informat
37、ion5.1 Orders for materials purchased under this specification shall include the following:5.1.1 Designation of this specification and year of issue,5.1.2 Product name or grade/type, or both,5.1.3 Apparent thermal conductivity and specific thickness required,5.1.4 Product dimensions,5.1.5 Quantity o
38、f material,5.1.6 Special packaging or marking, if required, and5.1.7 Special requirements for inspection or testing, or both.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid cellular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation is produced by the polymerization of polymericpolyisocyanates in the pres
39、ence of polyhydroxyl compounds, catalysts, cell stabilizers, and blowing agents.6.2 The material covered by this specification shall be supplied in “bun” form, finished board stock, or special shapes as agreedupon by the manufacturer and end-user.7. Physical Properties7.1 Unfaced, preformed rigid ce
40、llular polyisocyanurate thermal insulation shall conform to the requirements shown in Table 1.See Note 1. For each physical property requirement, the average from testing the number of test specimen(s) required by 11.3 ofthis specification shall be used to determine compliance.NOTE 1It is the respon
41、sibility of the user of this standard to determine the technical requirements for their specific applications and to select anappropriate Type of material.7.2 Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation is an organic material and is combustible. Do not expose this insulation to flames orother ignition sourc
42、es. The fire performance of the material shall be addressed through fire test requirements established by theappropriate governing authority. The manufacturer shall be contacted for specific data as fire performance characteristic will varywith grade, type, and thickness.C591 1737.3 Not all physical
43、 properties at temperatures below -70F (-51C) have been fully tested. Where these properties are critical,the user shall consult the manufacturer for properties and performance at these lower temperatures.8. Dimensions and Tolerances8.1 The dimensions shall be as agreed upon by the purchaser and the
44、 supplier. Polyisocyanurate thermal insulation is commonlyavailable in lengths up to 144 in. (3.66 m), widths up to 48 in. (1.22 m), and thicknesses from 0.5 in. (13 mm) to 24 in. (610 mm).8.2 Insulation Board:8.2.1 Dimensional tolerances for boards shall be as follows:Dimension Tolerance, in. (mm)L
45、ength 18 (3.2)Width 116 (1.6)Thickness 132 (0.8)8.2.2 Edge TruenessDetermine in accordance with Test Method C550. The maximum deviation from the edge trueness shallnot be greater than 132 in./ft (2.6 mm/m) of length or width.8.2.3 Face TruenessDetermine in accordance with Test Method C550. The maxim
46、um deviation from flatness shall not begreater than 116 in./ft (5.2 mm/m) of length or width.8.2.4 Corner SquarenessDetermine in accordance with Test Method C550. The maximum deviation from corner squarenessshall not be greater than 18 in. (3.2 mm) for all board thicknesses.8.2.5 Edge SquarenessDete
47、rmine in accordance with Test Method C550. The maximum deviation from edge squareness shallnot be greater that 116 in. (1.6 mm) for all board thicknesses.8.3 Pipe InsulationMaterial supplied for pipe insulation shall have dimensions and tolerances that are in accordance withPractice C585.9. Workmans
48、hip and Appearances9.1 The polyisocyanurate thermal insulation shall have no defects that will adversely affect its service qualities.TABLE 1 Physical Property RequirementsGrade 2: Operating Temperature Range -297F (-183C) to 300F (149C)ANOTE 1Grade 1, which was specific to PIR for use at operating
49、temperatures of -70F (-51C) to 300F (149C) , was deleted in 2009 because thismaterial was no longer produced. Grade 2 was not renumbered to minimize conflict with various global engineering and end-user specifications whichrequire the use of materials complying with, “ASTM C591, Grade 2”.Property Type I Type IV Type II Type III Type V Type VIDensity, min lb/ft3 (kg/m 3) 1.8 (29) 2.0 (32) 2.5 (40) 3.0 (48) 4.0 (60) 6.0 (96)Compressive resistance at 10 % deformationor yield whichever occurs first, parallel torise, min, lb/i
