1、Designation: C 618 08Standard Specification forCoal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Usein Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers coal
3、fly ash and raw orcalcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete where cementi-tious or pozzolanic action, or both, is desired, or where otherproperties normally attributed to fly ash or pozzolans may bedesired, or where both objectives are to be achieved.NOTE 1Finely divided materials may tend to re
4、duce the entrained aircontent of concrete. Hence, if a fly ash or natural pozzolan is added to anyconcrete for which entrainment of air is specified, provision should bemade to ensure that the specified air content is maintained by air contenttests and by use of additional air-entraining admixture o
5、r use of anair-entraining admixture in combination with air-entraining hydrauliccement.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes,which provide explanatory information. These notes and foot-notes (excluding those i
6、n tables and figures) shall not beconsidered as requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash orNatural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete3. Terminolog
7、y3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The terms used in this specification are defined inTerminology C 125.3.1.2 fly ashthe finely divided residue that results fromthe combustion of ground or powdered coal and that istransported by flue gasses.NOTE 2This definition of fly ash does not include, among otherthings, t
8、he residue resulting from: (1) the burning of municipal garbage orany other refuse with coal; (2) the injection of lime directly into the boilerfor sulfur removal; or (3) the burning of industrial or municipal garbagein incinerators commonly known as “incinerator ash.”4. Classification4.1 Class NRaw
9、 or calcined natural pozzolans that com-ply with the applicable requirements for the class as givenherein, such as some diatomaceous earths; opaline cherts andshales; tuffs and volcanic ashes or pumicites, calcined oruncalcined; and various materials requiring calcination toinduce satisfactory prope
10、rties, such as some clays and shales.4.2 Class FFly ash that meets the applicable requirementsfor this class as given herein. This class of fly ash haspozzolanic properties.4.3 Class CFly ash that meets the applicable requirementsfor this class as given herein. This class of fly ash, in additionto h
11、aving pozzolanic properties, also has some cementitiousproperties.NOTE 3Class F fly ash is typically produced from burning anthraciteor bituminous coal, but may also be produced from subbituminous coaland from lignite. Class C fly ash is typically produced from burning ligniteor subbituminous coal,
12、and may also be produced from anthracite orbituminous coal. Class C fly ashes contain total calcium contents,expressed as calcium oxide (CaO), higher than 10 %.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser shall specify any supplementary optionalphysical requirements.5.2 The purchaser shall indicate whic
13、h procedure, A or B,shall be used when specifying requirements for effectiveness incontribution to sulfate resistance under Table 3.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.24 on Supplem
14、entary Cementitious Materials.Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originallyapproved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 61805.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annu
15、al Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Chemica
16、l Composition6.1 Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to therequirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.NOTE 4The chemical component determinations and the limits placedon each do not predict the performance of the fly ash or natural pozzolanwith hydraulic cement in concrete
17、, but collectively help describe compo-sition and uniformity of the material.7. Physical Properties7.1 Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to thephysical requirements prescribed in Table 2. Supplementaryoptional physical requirements are shown in Table 3.8. Methods of Sampling and Testing8.1
18、 Sample and test the fly ash or natural pozzolan inaccordance with the requirements of Test Methods C311.8.2 Use cement of the type proposed for use in the workand, if available, from the mill proposed as the source of thecement, in all tests requiring the use of hydraulic cement.9. Storage and Insp
19、ection9.1 The fly ash or natural pozzolan shall be stored in such amanner as to permit easy access for proper inspection andidentification of each shipment.9.2 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed uponby the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.10. Rejection10.1 Th
20、e purchaser has the right to reject material that failsto conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejectionshall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and inwriting.10.2 The purchaser has the right to reject packages varyingmore than 5 % from the stated weight. The purchaser al
21、so hasthe right to reject the entire shipment if the average weight ofthe packages in any shipment, as shown by weighing 50packages taken at random, is less than that specified.10.3 The purchaser has the right to require that material instorage prior to shipment for a period longer than 6 monthsafte
22、r testing be retested. The purchaser has the right to rejectsuch material if it fails to meet the fineness requirements.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsClassNF CSilicon dioxide (SiO2) plus aluminum oxide (Al2O3) plus iron oxide (Fe2O3),min, %70.0 70.0 50.0Sulfur trioxide (SO3), max, % 4.0 5.0 5.0Moistu
23、re content, max, % 3.0 3.0 3.0Loss on ignition, max, % 10.0 6.0A6.0AThe use of Class F pozzolan containing up to 12.0 % loss on ignition may be approved by the user if either acceptable performance records or laboratory test resultsare made available.TABLE 2 Physical RequirementsClassNFCFineness:Amo
24、unt retained when wet-sieved on 45 m (No. 325) sieve, max, % 34 34 34Strength activity index:AWith portland cement, at 7 days, min, percent ofcontrol75B75B75BWith portland cement, at 28 days, min, percent ofcontrol75B75B75BWater requirement, max, percent of control 115 105 105Soundness:CAutoclave ex
25、pansion or contraction, max, % 0.8 0.8 0.8Uniformity requirements:The density and fineness of individual samplesshall not vary from the average established by theten preceding tests, or by all preceding tests if thenumber is less than ten, by more than:Density, max variation from average, % 5 5 5Per
26、cent retained on 45-m (No. 325), max variation,percentage points from average55AThe strength activity index with portland cement is not to be considered a measure of the compressive strength of concrete containing the fly ash or natural pozzolan.The mass of fly ash or natural pozzolan specified for
27、the test to determine the strength activity index with portland cement is not considered to be the proportionrecommended for the concrete to be used in the work. The optimum amount of fly ash or natural pozzolan for any specific project is determined by the required propertiesof the concrete and oth
28、er constituents of the concrete and is to be established by testing. Strength activity index with portland cement is a measure of reactivity with a givencement and is subject to variation depending on the source of both the fly ash or natural pozzolan and the cement.BMeeting the 7 day or 28 day stre
29、ngth activity index will indicate specification compliance.CIf the fly ash or natural pozzolan will constitute more than 20 % by mass of the cementitious material in the project mixture, the test specimens for autoclave expansionshall contain that anticipated percentage. Excessive autoclave expansio
30、n is highly significant in cases where water to cementitious material ratios are low, for example,in block or shotcrete mixtures.C61808211. Packaging and Package Marking11.1 When the fly ash or natural pozzolan is delivered inpackages, the class, name, and brand of the producer, and theweight of the
31、 material contained therein, shall be plainlymarked on each package. Similar information shall be providedin the shipping invoices accompanying the shipment of pack-aged or bulk material.12. Keywords12.1 fly ash; natural pozzolan; pozzolansSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee C09 has identified the location
32、of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C 618 05, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved March 1, 2008)(1) Revised 4.2, 4.3, Note 3, and Footnote C of Table 3.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connec
33、tion with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsib
34、le technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful con
35、sideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100
36、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM web
37、site(www.astm.org).TABLE 3 Supplementary Optional Physical RequirementsNOTE 1These optional requirements apply only when specifically requested.ClassNFCMultiple factor, calculated as the product of loss on ignition and fineness,amount retained when wet-sieved on 45-m (No. 325) sieve, max, %A. . 255
38、. .Increase of drying shrinkage of mortar bars at 28 days, max, difference, in %,over controlB0.03 0.03 0.03Uniformity Requirements:In addition, when air-entraining concrete is specified, the quantity of air-entraining agent required to produce an air content of 18.0 vol % of mortarshall not vary fr
39、om the average established by the ten preceding tests or by allpreceding tests if less than ten, by more than, %20 20 20Effectiveness in Controlling Alkali-Silica Reaction:CExpansion of test mixture as percentage of low-alkali cement control, at 14days, max, %100 100 100Effectiveness in Contributing
40、 to Sulfate Resistance:DProcedure A:Expansion of test mixture:For moderate sulfate exposure after 6 months exposure, max, % 0.10 0.10 0.10For high sulfate exposure after 6 months exposure, max, % 0.05 0.05 0.05Procedure B:Expansion of test mixture as a percentage of sulfate resistance cementcontrol
41、after at least 6 months exposure, max,%100 100 100AApplicable only for Class F fly ash since the loss on ignition limitations predominate for Class C.BDetermination of compliance or noncompliance with the requirement relating to increase in drying shrinkage will be made only at the request of the pu
42、rchaser.CFly ash or natural pozzolans meeting this requirement are considered as effective in controlling alkali silica reactions as the use of the low-alkali control cement usedin the evaluation. However, the fly ash or natural pozzolan shall be considered effective only when used at percentages by
43、 mass of the total cementitious material equalto or exceeding that used in the tests and when the alkali content of the cement to be used does not exceed that used in the tests by more than 0.05 %. See AppendixXI, Test Methods C311.DFly ash or natural pozzolan shall be considered effective only when
44、 the fly ash or natural pozzolan is used at percentages, by mass, of the total cementitious materialwithin 2 % of those that are successful in the test mixtures or between two percentages that are successful, and when the C3A content of the project cement is less than,or equal to, that which was used in the test mixtures. See Appendix X2 of Test Method C311.C618083
