1、Designation: C618 12aC618 15Standard Specification forCoal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Usein Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, th
2、e year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification co
3、vers coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete where cementitious orpozzolanic action, or both, is desired, or where other properties normally attributed to fly ash or pozzolans may be desired, or whereboth objectives are to be achieved.NOTE 1Finely divided materials may
4、tend to reduce the entrained air content of concrete. Hence, if a fly ash or natural pozzolan is added to anyconcrete for which entrainment of air is specified, provision should be made to ensure that the specified air content is maintained by air content tests andby use of additional air-entraining
5、 admixture or use of an air-entraining admixture in combination with air-entraining hydraulic cement.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, which provi
6、de explanatory information. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly
7、Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology C125.3.1.2 fly ashthe finely divided residue that results from the process of combustion of ground or powdered coal and that istransported b
8、y flue gasses.NOTE 2This definition of fly ash does not include, among other things, the residue resulting from: (1(1) fluidized bed combustion ash, (2) the burningof municipal garbage solid waste or any other refuse with coal; (coal, 2) the injection of lime directly into the boiler for sulfur remo
9、val; or (or 3(3) theburning of industrial or municipal garbage solid waste in incinerators commonly known as “incinerator ash.”4. Classification4.1 Class NRaw or calcined natural pozzolans that comply with the applicable requirements for the class as given herein, suchas some diatomaceous earths; op
10、aline cherts and shales; tuffs and volcanic ashes or pumicites, calcined or uncalcined; and variousmaterials requiring calcination to induce satisfactory properties, such as some clays and shales.4.2 Class FFly ash that meets the applicable requirements for this class as given herein. This class of
11、fly ash has pozzolanicproperties.4.3 Class CFly ash that meets the applicable requirements for this class as given herein. This class of fly ash, in addition tohaving pozzolanic properties, also has some cementitious properties.NOTE 3Class F fly ash is typically produced from burning anthracite or b
12、ituminous coal, but may also be produced from subbituminous coal and1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.24 onSupplementary Cementitious Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 15,
13、 2012Aug. 1, 2015. Published January 2013September 2015. Originally approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2012 asC61812.12a. DOI: 10.1520/C061812a.10.1520/C0618-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. F
14、or Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may
15、not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the
16、end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1from lignite. Class C fly ash is typically produced from burning lignite or subbituminous coal, and may also be produced from anthracite or bituminouscoal. Class C fl
17、y ashes typically have total calcium contents, expressed as calcium oxide (CaO), that are higher than Class F fly ashes.5. Ordering Information5.1 The purchaser shall specify any supplementary optional physical requirements.5.2 The purchaser shall indicate which procedure, A or B, shall be used when
18、 specifying requirements for effectiveness incontribution to sulfate resistance under Table 3.6. Chemical Composition6.1 Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.NOTE 4The chemical component determinations and the limits placed
19、on each do not predict the performance of the fly ash or natural pozzolan withhydraulic cement in concrete, but collectively help describe composition and uniformity of the material.7. Physical Properties7.1 Fly ash and natural pozzolans shall conform to the physical requirements prescribed in Table
20、 2. Supplementary optionalphysical requirements are shown in Table 3.8. Methods of Sampling and Testing8.1 Sample and test the fly ash or natural pozzolan in accordance with the requirements of Test Methods C311.8.2 Use cement of the type proposed for use in the work and, if available, from the mill
21、 proposed as the source of the cement,in all tests requiring the use of hydraulic cement.TABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsClassN F CSilicon dioxide (SiO2) plus aluminum oxide (Al2O3) plus iron oxide (Fe2O3),min, %70.0 70.0 50.0Sulfur trioxide (SO3), max, % 4.0 5.0 5.0Moisture content, max, % 3.0 3.0 3.0
22、Loss on ignition, max, % 10.0 6.0A 6.0AThe use of Class F pozzolan containing up to 12.0 % loss on ignition may be approved by the user if either acceptable performance records or laboratory test resultsare made available.TABLE 2 Physical RequirementsClassN F CFineness:Amount retained when wet-sieve
23、d on 45 m (No. 325) sieve, max, % 34 34 34Strength activity index: AWith portland cement, at 7 days, min, percent ofcontrol75B 75B 75BWith portland cement, at 28 days, min, percent ofcontrol75B 75B 75BWater requirement, max, percent of control 115 105 105Soundness: CAutoclave expansion or contractio
24、n, max, % 0.8 0.8 0.8Uniformity requirements:The density and fineness of individual samplesshall not vary from the average established by theten preceding tests, or by all preceding tests if thenumber is less than ten, by more than:Density, max variation from average, % 5 5 5Percent retained on 45-m
25、 (No. 325), max variation,percentage points from average5 5 5A The strength activity index with portland cement is not to be considered a measure of the compressive strength of concrete containing the fly ash or natural pozzolan.The mass of fly ash or natural pozzolan specified for the test to deter
26、mine the strength activity index with portland cement is not considered to be the proportionrecommended for the concrete to be used in the work. The optimum amount of fly ash or natural pozzolan for any specific project is determined by the required propertiesof the concrete and other constituents o
27、f the concrete and is to be established by testing. Strength activity index with portland cement is a measure of reactivity with a givencement and is subject to variation depending on the source of both the fly ash or natural pozzolan and the cement.B Meeting the 7 day or 28 day strength activity in
28、dex will indicate specification compliance.C If the fly ash or natural pozzolan will constitute more than 20 % by mass of the cementitious material in the project mixture, the test specimens for autoclave expansionshall contain that anticipated percentage. Excessive autoclave expansion is highly sig
29、nificant in cases where water to cementitious material ratios are low, for example,in block or shotcrete mixtures.C618 1529. Storage and Inspection9.1 The fly ash or natural pozzolan shall be stored in such a manner as to permit easy access for proper inspection andidentification of each shipment.9.
30、2 Inspection of the material shall be made as agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller as part of the purchase contract.10. Rejection10.1 The purchaser has the right to reject material that fails to conform to the requirements of this specification. Rejection shallbe reported to the producer or s
31、upplier promptly and in writing.10.2 The purchaser has the right to reject packages varying more than 5 % from the stated weight. The purchaser also has theright to reject the entire shipment if the average weight of the packages in any shipment, as shown by weighing 50 packages takenat random, is l
32、ess than that specified.10.3 The purchaser has the right to require that material in storage prior to shipment for a period longer than 6 months aftertesting be retested. The purchaser has the right to reject such material if it fails to meet the fineness requirements.11. Packaging and Package Marki
33、ng11.1 When the fly ash or natural pozzolan is delivered in packages, the class, name, and brand of the producer, and the weightof the material contained therein, shall be plainly marked on each package. Similar information shall be provided in the shippinginvoices accompanying the shipment of packa
34、ged or bulk material.12. Suppliers Certification12.1 Upon request of the purchaser, in the contract or the order, a suppliers report shall be furnished stating the results of testsmade on samples of the material and certifying the product conforms to all applicable requirements of this specification
35、. Inaddition, the report shall include the percentages of magnesium oxide (MgO), sodium oxide (Na2O), potassium oxide (K2O), andcalcium oxide (CaO), all determined as described in Test Methods C311. The report shall also include the total alkali content ofthe material, expressed as equivalent percen
36、tage of sodium oxide (Na2Oe).NOTE 5Guidance on preparing the suppliers report is provided in Appendix X1.13. Keywords13.1 fly ash; natural pozzolan; pozzolansTABLE 3 Supplementary Optional Physical RequirementsNOTE 1These optional requirements apply only when specifically requested.ClassN F CIncreas
37、e of drying shrinkage of mortar bars at 28 days, max, difference, in %,over controlA0.03 0.03 0.03Uniformity Requirements:In addition, when air-entraining concrete is specified, the quantity of air-entraining agent required to produce an air content of 18.0 vol % of mortarshall not vary from the ave
38、rage established by the ten preceding tests or by allpreceding tests if less than ten, by more than, %20 20 20Effectiveness in Controlling Alkali-Silica Reaction:BExpansion of test mixture as percentage of low-alkali cement control, at 14days, max, %100 100 100Effectiveness in Contributing to Sulfat
39、e Resistance:CProcedure A:Expansion of test mixture:For moderate sulfate exposure after 6 months exposure, max, % 0.10 0.10 0.10For high sulfate exposure after 6 months exposure, max, % 0.05 0.05 0.05Procedure B:Expansion of test mixture as a percentage of sulfate resistance cementcontrol after at l
40、east 6 months exposure, max,%100 100 100A Determination of compliance or noncompliance with the requirement relating to increase in drying shrinkage will be made only at the request of the purchaser.B Fly ash or natural pozzolans meeting this requirement are considered as effective in controlling al
41、kali silica reactions as the use of the low-alkali control cement usedin the evaluation. However, the fly ash or natural pozzolan shall be considered effective only when used at percentages by mass of the total cementitious material equalto or exceeding that used in the tests and when the alkali con
42、tent of the cement to be used does not exceed that used in the tests by more than 0.05 %. See AppendixXI, Test Methods C311.C Fly ash or natural pozzolan shall be considered effective only when the fly ash or natural pozzolan is used at percentages, by mass, of the total cementitious materialwithin
43、2 % of those that are successful in the test mixtures or between two percentages that are successful, and when the C3A content of the project cement is less than,or equal to, that which was used in the test mixtures. See Appendix X2 of Test Method C311.C618 153APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. S
44、UPPLIERS CERTIFICATION REPORTX1.1 To provide uniformity for reporting the results of tests performed on pozzolans under this specification, and affirmingcompliance to the applicable limits of this standard, an example report of analysis is shown in Fig. X1.1.SUMMARY OF CHANGESFIG. X1.1 Example of a
45、Suppliers ReportC618 154Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C618 12C618 12a, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved Aug. 1, 2015December 15,2012)(1) Added new Section 12 Suppliers Certification.(1) Revised 3.1.2 a
46、nd Note 2.(2) Added new Note 5 to refer to example of suppliers report.(3) Added example of a suppliers report in new Appendix X1.C618 155Committee C09 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,C618 08a, that may impact the use of this specification.
47、(Approved February 1, 2012)(1) Revised Note 3 to remove reference to 10 % CaO.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the valid
48、ity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your commen
49、ts are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United St
