1、Designation: C62 13Standard Specification forBuilding Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made From Clay orShale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C62; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi
2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers brick intended for
3、both struc-tural and nonstructural masonry where external appearance isnot a requirement. The brick are prismatic units available in avariety of sizes, shapes, textures, and colors. The specificationdoes not cover brick intended for use as facing units or wheresurface appearance is a requirement. If
4、 brick are required tohave a particular color, texture, finish, uniformity, or limits oncracks, warpage, or other imperfections detracting from theappearance they are purchased under Specification C216. Thisspecification does not cover brick intended for use as pavingbrick (see Specification C902).1
5、.2 The property requirements of this standard apply at thetime of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining confor-mance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Sec-tion 4) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.1.3 Bri
6、ck are manufactured from clay, shale, or similarnaturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heattreatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatmentmust develop sufficient fired bond between the particulateconstituents to provide the strength and durability requirementsof thi
7、s specification (see Terminology C1232).1.4 Brick are shaped during manufacture by molding,pressing, or extrusion, and the shaping method is a way todescribe the brick.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding
8、those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2
9、. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickC1232 Terminology of MasonryE835/E835M Guide
10、 for Modular Coordination of Clay andConcrete Masonry Units (Withdrawn 2011)33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions relating to building brick,refer to Terminology C1232.4. Classification4.1 Grades classify brick according to their resistance todamage by freezing when wet, as defined in Note 1
11、. Threegrades are covered and the grade requirements are shown inTable 1.4.1.1 Grade SW (Severe Weathering)Brick intended foruse where high and uniform resistance to damage caused bycyclic freezing is desired and where the brick may be frozenwhen saturated with water.4.1.2 Grade MW (Moderate Weather
12、ing)Brick intendedfor use where moderate resistance to cyclic freezing damage ispermissible or where the brick may be damp but not saturatedwith water when freezing occurs.4.1.3 Grade NW (Negligible Weathering)Brick with littleresistance to cyclic freezing damage but which are acceptablefor applicat
13、ions protected from water absorption and freezing.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Orig
14、inallyapproved in 1927. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C62 12. DOI:10.1520/C0062-13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Documen
15、t Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOT
16、E 1The word “saturated,” with respect to this standard, refers tothe condition of a brick that has absorbed water to an amount equal to thatresulting from submersion in room temperature water for 24 h.5. Physical Properties5.1 DurabilityWhen Grade is not specified, the require-ments for Grade SW sha
17、ll govern.5.1.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shall con-form to the physical requirements for the Grade specified asprescribed in Table 1. For the compressive strength require-ments in Table 1, test the unit with the compressive forceperpendicular to the bed surface of the unit, with the u
18、nit in thestretcher position.5.1.2 Absorption AlternateThe saturation coefficient re-quirement does not apply, provided that the 24-h cold waterabsorption of each of the five units tested does not exceed8.0 %.5.1.3 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe requirementsfor 5 h boiling water absorption and
19、saturation coefficient donot apply, provided a sample of five brick, meeting the strengthrequirements of Table 1, passes the freezing and thawing test asdescribed in the Rating Section of the Freezing and Thawingtest procedures of Test Methods C67.NOTE 2The 50 cycle freezing and thawing test is used
20、 as analternative only when the brick do not conform to either Table 1TABLE 1 Physical RequirementsDesignationMinimum Compressive Strengthgross area, psi (MPa)Maximum Water Absorptionby 5-h Boiling, %Maximum SaturationCoefficientAAverage of5 BrickIndividualAverage of5 BrickIndividualAverage of5 Bric
21、kIndividualGrade SW 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2) 17.0 20.0 0.78 0.80Grade MW 2500 (17.2) 2200 (15.2) 22.0 25.0 0.88 0.90Grade NW 1500 (10.3) 1250 (8.6) no limit no limit no limit no limitAThe saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24-h submersion in cold water to that after 5-h submersion i
22、n boiling water.Grade Recommendations for Face ExposuresExposureWeathering IndexLessthan 5050 to500500 andgreaterIn vertical surfaces:In contact with earth MW or SW SW SWNot in contact with earth MW or SW SW SWIn other than vertical surfaces:In contact with earth SW SW SWNot in contact with earth MW
23、 or SW SW SWFIG. 1 Weathering Indices in the United StatesC62132requirements for maximum water absorption and saturation coefficient, orto the requirements of the Absorption Alternate in 5.1.2.5.1.3.1 Grade SW: Breakage and Weight LossRequirementNo individual unit separates or disintegratesresulting
24、 in a weight loss greater than 0.5 % of its original dryweight.5.1.3.2 Grade SW: Cracking RequirementNo individualunit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the units leastdimension.5.1.4 Low Weathering Index AlternativeIf the brick areintended for use exposed to weather where the weatheringinde
25、x is less than 50 (see Fig. 1), and unless otherwisespecified, the requirements given in Table 1 for 5 h boilingwater absorption and for saturation coefficient shall not applybut the minimum average compressive strength requirement of2500 psi (17.2 MPa) shall apply.NOTE 3Weathering Index: The effect
26、 of weathering on brick is relatedto the weathering index, which for any locality is the product of theaverage annual number of freezing cycle days and the average annualwinter rainfall in inches defined as follows:4A Freezing Cycle Day is any day during which the air temperaturepasses either above
27、or below 32F (0C). The average number of freezingcycle days in a year may be taken to equal the difference between themean number of days during which the minimum temperature was 32For below and the mean number of days during which the maximumtemperature was 32F or below.Winter Rainfall is the sum,
28、in inches, of the mean monthly correctedprecipitation (rainfall) occurring during the period between and includingthe normal date of the first killing frost in the fall and the normal date ofthe last killing frost in the spring. The winter rainfall for any period isequal to the total precipitation l
29、ess one tenth of the total fall of snow, sleet,and hail. Rainfall for a portion of a month is prorated.Fig. 1 indicates general areas in the United States which correspond tothe weathering index categories listed. The index for geographic locationsnear the 50 line should be determined by an analysis
30、 of weather bureaulocal climatological summaries, with due regard to the effect of microcli-mate conditions, especially altitude.The use of Grade MW brick in a wall area above grade is structurallyadequate in the severe weathering region, but Grade SW would provide ahigher and more uniform degree of
31、 resistance to frost action. The degreeof durability called for by Grade SW is not necessary for use in wall areasabove grade in the moderate weathering region. Grade MW brickperforms satisfactorily in wall areas above grade in the no-weatheringregion, where the average compressive strength of the u
32、nits is at least2500 psi (17.2 MPa). Grade SW brick should be used in any region whenthe units are in contact with the ground, in horizontal surfaces, or in anyposition where they are likely to be permeated with water.The recommended correlation between grade of building brick, weath-ering index, an
33、d exposure is found in Fig. 1. The specifier can use theserecommendations or use the grade descriptions and physical requirementsalong with use exposure and local climatological conditions to selectgrade.5.2 StrengthWhen brick are required having strengthsgreater than prescribed by this specificatio
34、n, the purchaser shallspecify minimum strength.5.3 Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA)Test results for initialrate of absorption (IRA) shall be determined in accordancewith the IRA (Suction) (Laboratory Test) of Test Methods C67and shall be furnished at the request of the specifier orpurchaser. IRA is
35、not a qualifying condition or property ofunits in this specification. This property is measured in order toassist in mortar selection and material handling in the construc-tion process. See Note 4.NOTE 4Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction)Both laboratory andfield investigation have shown that strong
36、 and watertight joints betweenmortar and masonry units are not achieved by ordinary constructionmethods when the units as laid have excessive initial rates of absorption.Mortar that has stiffened somewhat because of loss of excessive mixingwater to a unit may not make complete and intimate contact w
37、ith thesecond unit, resulting in poor adhesion, incomplete bond, and water-permeable joints of low strength. The IRAof the units is determined by theoven-dried procedure described in the IRA (Suction) (Laboratory Test) ofTest Methods C67. IRA in the field depends on the moisture content of themasonr
38、y unit and is determined in accordance with the IRA (Suction)Field Test of Test Methods C67. Units having average field IRAexceeding30 g/min per 30 in.2(30 g/min 194 cm2) should have their IRA reducedbelow 30 g/min per 30 in.2prior to laying. They may be wettedimmediately before they are laid, but i
39、t is preferable to wet themthoroughly 3 to 24 h prior to their use so as to allow time for moisture tobecome distributed throughout the unit.6. Dimensions and Permissible Variations6.1 SizeThe size of brick shall be as specified by thepurchaser. The maximum permissible variation in dimensionsof indi
40、vidual units shall not exceed those given in Table 2.NOTE 5For a list of modular sizes see Guide E835/E835M. Sizeslisted in this standard are not produced in all parts of the United States.Brick names denoting sizes may be regional and, therefore, may not beincluded in all reference books. Purchaser
41、s should ascertain the size ofbrick available in their locality and should specify accordingly, stating thedesired dimensions (width by height by length).7. Finish and Appearance7.1 The brick, as delivered to the site, shall, by visualinspection, conform to the requirements specified by thepurchaser
42、 or to the sample or samples approved as the standardof comparison and to the samples passing the tests for physicalrequirements. Minor indentations or surface cracks incidentalto the usual method of manufacture, or the chipping resultingfrom the customary methods of handling in shipment anddelivery
43、, shall not be deemed grounds for rejection.7.2 The brick shall be free of defects, deficiencies, andsurface treatments, including coatings, that would interferewith the proper setting of the brick or significantly impair thestrength or performance of the construction.7.3 Adelivery of brick is permi
44、tted to contain not more than5 % broken brick.4Data needed to determine the weathering index for any locality may be foundor estimated from the tables of Local Climatological DataAnnual Summary withComparative Data available from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adminis-tration.TABLE 2 Permissib
45、le Variations in DimensionsSpecified dimension, in. (mm)Maximum PermissibleVariations from Spec-ified Dimension,plus or minus,in. (mm)Up to 3 (76), incl332 (2.4)Over 3 to 4 (76 to 102), incl18 (3.2)Over 4 to 6 (102 to 152), incl316 (4.8)Over 6 to 8 (152 to 203), incl14 (6.4)Over 8 to 12 (203 to 305)
46、, incl516 (7.9)Over 12 to 16 (305 to 406), incl38 (9.5)C621338. Coring and Frogging8.1 CoringUnless otherwise specified in the invitation forbids, brick shall be either solid or cored at the option of theseller. The net cross-sectional area of cored brick in any planeparallel to the surface containi
47、ng the cores shall be at least75 % of the gross cross-sectional area measured in the sameplane. No part of any hole shall be less than34 in. (19.1 mm)from any edge of the brick.8.2 FroggingUnless otherwise specified in the invitationfor bids, one bearing face of each brick may have a recess orpanel
48、frog and deep frogs. The recess or panel frog shall notexceed38 in. (9.5 mm) in depth and no part of the recess orpanel frog shall be less than34 in. (19.1 mm) from any edge ofthe brick. In brick containing deep frogs, frogs deeper than38in. (9.5 mm), any cross-section through the deep frogs paralle
49、lto the surface containing the deep frogs shall conform to therequirements of 8.1.9. Sampling and Testing9.1 The brick shall be sampled and tested in accordancewith applicable sections in Test Methods C67.9.2 The manufacturer or the seller shall furnish specimensfor tests. The place or places of selection shall be designatedwhen the purchase order is placed.NOTE 6Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, the cost oftests is typically borne as follows: If the results of the test show that thebrick do not conform to the requirements of t
