ASTM C648-2004(2009) Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength of Ceramic Tile《陶瓷砖抗断强度的标准试验方法》.pdf
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1、Designation: C 648 04 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forBreaking Strength of Ceramic Tile1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 648; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the break-ing strength of glazed ceramic wall tile, ceramic mosaic tile,quarry tile, and
3、 paver tile, having a facial area of at least 1in.2(6.4 cm2).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does n
4、ot purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standar
5、ds:2C 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProductsE 178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of the types of tile listed in Section 1,refer to Terminology C 242.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method consists of support
6、ing the tile on theends of three cylindrical rods, or on three ball bearings for tileshaving an actual facial area of 9 in.2(58 cm2) (or less),arranged in an equilateral triangle, and applying force at adefinite rate to the center of the tile, which coincides with thecenter of the triangular support
7、, until the specimen breaks.NOTE 1The size (facial dimensions) of otherwise equal tile affects thevalue of breaking strength obtained by this test method. For instance, a 6by 6-in. (152 by 152-mm) tile equal in mature body properties andthickness to a 414 by 414-in. (108 by 108-mm) tile will have a
8、breakingstrength higher than the 414 by 414-in. tile.5. Significance and Use5.1 The test method provides means for establishingwhether or not a lot of ceramic tile meets the strengthrequirements which may appear in tile specifications. Tilestrength is the force in pounds-force (or newtons), as read
9、fromthe pressure gage, necessary to cause the tile to break.6. Apparatus6.1 Specimen-Support, consisting of a 512 by 512 by 1-in.(139.7 by 139.7 by 25.4-mm) steel block. Three14-in. (6.4-mm) diameter and38-in. (9.5-mm) deep tapped holes arearranged in an equilateral triangle having 3-in. (76.2-mm) s
10、idesand whose circumscribed circle has a radius of 1.732 in. (44.0mm). The equilateral triangle is located on the steel block sothat its center coincides with that of the steel block and one sideof the triangle runs parallel to one side of the steel block. Three38-in. diameter steel rods, 138 in. wi
11、th (34.9 mm) long, one endthreaded for a distance of38 in. with the same14-in. thread asthe tapped holes, and the other end ground flat, fit into the threeholes. In a similar manner, a second set of three38-in. diametersteel rods, but34 in. (19.0 mm) long only, are threaded on oneend for a distance
12、of38-in., are ground flat on the other end andfit three other14-in. tapped holes. The three14-in. holes, tappedfor a distance of38 in. to receive this second set of steel rodsare located at the apexes of an equilateral triangle having112-in. (38.1-mm) long sides and whose circumscribed circlehas a r
13、adius of 0.866 in. (22.0 mm). This second equilateraltriangle is located within the first one in such a manner that itscircumscribed circle is identical with the inscribed circle of thefirst triangle, and its sides are parallel to those of the largertriangle. The ball bearing support consists of thr
14、ee18-in.(3.2-mm) ball bearings arranged in an equilateral triangle, withsides of 14 mm concentric and parallel with the other triangles.The bearings are embedded in the block to the extent of halftheir volume. The steel block has four more14-in. tapped holesto receive socket head cap screws for hold
15、ing four registrystops. One of these holes is located in the center of one side,14in. in from the edge. Another of these is located in the centerof an adjacent side14 in. from the edge. The other two arelocated on an adjacent side,14 in. in from the edge, spaced 21This test method is under the juris
16、diction ofASTM Committee C21 on CeramicWhitewares and Related Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC21.06 on Ceramic Tile.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 648 04.2For referenced
17、 ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
18、hohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.in. (50.8 mm) apart, with one located 134 in. (44.4 mm) fromone of the corners of the first side. The two single hole registrystops are used with the ball bearing support. The double holeregistry stop and the adjacent edge single stop are to be usedwith the set
19、s of rod supports. Three of the registry stopsdesigned for use with the cylindrical rod supports consist of18-in. (3.2-mm) thick steel strips,34 in. wide, 2 in. long, witha14-in. wide slot extending for the full 2-in. length of the strip.The slot is open on one end and the other end of each steel st
20、riphas a34 in. wide and 112 in. high projection,18 in. thick,which will contact the edges of the tile when in proper positionfor use. The other two registry stops, designed for use with theball bearing support, have exactly the same dimensions exceptfor their projection height which is58 in. The pro
21、jection isobtained by making the steel strips actually 312 in. (88.9 mm)long and bending them at right angles to obtain the 112-in. or58-in. (38.1-mm or 15.9-mm) high projection. Each of the threeregistry stops can be fastened with washer and socket head capscrew through its slot in any one of numer
22、ous positions. Beingadjustable, they serve as registry stops for the different sizes oftile which may be broken over these supports. For tile ofdimensions 414 in. (107.9 mm) or smaller, the projections willbe located on that end of the strip nearest to the support block;for tile having dimensions la
23、rger than 414 in., the strips arereversed so that the projections are located on the end of thesteel strips away from the support block (see Fig. 1). Forcertain mosaic tiles with dimensions of less than 1 in. (25.4mm) length, it is necessary to reverse the position of theregistry stops so that the t
24、ile is supported with the slot ends inorder to avoid interference with the force applicator.6.2 Force Applicator Force is applied in the exact centerof the triangular support by means of a12-in. (12.7-mm)diameter stainless steel ball bearing, countersunk to a depth of1764 in. (6.7 mm) into one end o
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