1、Designation: C 652 09Standard Specification forHollow Brick (Hollow Masonry Units Made From Clay orShale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last r
2、evision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers hollow building
3、brick andhollow facing brick made from clay, shale, fire clay, ormixtures thereof, and fired to incipient fusion. Four types ofhollow brick in each of two grades and two classes are covered.In this specification, the term hollow brick shall be understoodto mean hollow clay masonry units whose net cr
4、oss-sectionalarea (solid area) in any plane parallel to the surface, containingthe cores, cells, or deep frogs, is less than 75 % of its grosscross-sectional area measured in the same plane (see 3.3). Thisspecification does not cover brick intended for use as pavingbrick (see Specification C 902).1.
5、2 The property requirements of this standard apply at thetime of purchase. The use of results from testing of brickextracted from masonry structures for determining conform-ance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section5) of this standard is beyond the scope of this standard.1.3 Brick
6、covered by this specification are manufacturedfrom clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring substances andsubjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing).The heat treatment shall develop sufficient fired bond betweenthe particulate constituents to provide the strength and dura-bil
7、ity requirements of this specification. (See “firing” and“firing bond” in Terminology C 1232.)1.4 Hollow brick differ from unglazed structural clay tile(Specifications C34and C 212) and solid brick (SpecificationsC62and C 216). Hollow brick require greater shell and webthicknesses and higher minimum
8、 compressive strength thanstructural clay tile, but permit greater void area and lesserdistance from exposed edge to core hole than solid brick.Therefore, environmental and structural performance may bedifferent in elements constructed of hollow brick from thoseconstructed of structural clay tile or
9、 solid brick.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard
10、. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C34 Specification for Structural Clay Load-Bearing WallTileC62 Specification for Building Brick (Solid Masonry Un
11、itsMade From Clay or Shale)C67 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick andStructural Clay TileC 212 Specification for Structural Clay Facing TileC 216 Specification for Facing Brick (Solid Masonry UnitsMade from Clay or Shale)C 902 Specification for Pedestrian and Light Traffic PavingBrickC 1232
12、 Terminology of MasonryE 835/E 835M Guide for Modular Coordination of Clayand Concrete Masonry Units3. Classification3.1 GradesTwo grades of hollow brick are covered:3.1.1 Grade SWHollow brick intended for use where ahigh and uniform degree of resistance to frost action and1This specification is und
13、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 onManufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC15.02 on Brick and Structural Clay Tile.Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published March 2009. Originallyapproved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 652 07
14、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this st
15、andard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.disintegration by weathering is desired and the exposure issuch that the hollow brick may be frozen when permeated withwater.3.1.2 Grade MWHollow brick intended for use where amod
16、erate and somewhat nonuniform degree of resistance tofrost action is permissible or where they are unlikely to bepermeated with water when exposed to temperatures belowfreezing.3.2 TypesFour types of hollow brick are covered:3.2.1 Type HBSHollow brick for general use in masonry.3.2.2 Type HBXHollow
17、brick for general use in masonrywhere a higher degree of precision and lower permissiblevariation in size than permitted for Type HBS is required.3.2.3 Type HBAHollow brick for general use in masonryselected to produce characteristic architectural effects resultingfrom nonuniformity in size and text
18、ure of the individual units.3.2.4 Type HBBHollow brick for general use in masonrywhere a particular color, texture, finish, uniformity, or limits oncracks, warpage, or other imperfections detracting from theappearance are not a consideration.3.2.5 When the type is not specified, the requirements for
19、Type HBS shall govern.3.3 ClassTwo classes of hollow brick are covered:3.3.1 Class H40VHollow brick intended for use wherevoid areas or hollow spaces greater than 25 %, but not greaterthan 40 %, of the gross cross-sectional area of the unitmeasured in any plane parallel to the surface containing the
20、cores, cells, or deep frogs are desired. The void spaces, the webthicknesses, and the shell thicknesses shall comply with therequirements of Section 10 on Hollow Spaces.3.3.2 Class H60VHollow brick intended for use wherelarger void areas are desired. The sum of these void areas shallbe greater than
21、40 %, but not greater than 60 %, of the grosscross-sectional area of the unit measured in any plane parallelto the surface containing the cores, cells or deep frogs. Thevoid spaces, the web thicknesses, and the shell thicknessesshall comply with the requirements of Section 10 on HollowSpaces and to
22、the minimum requirements contained in Table 1(see Fig. 1).3.3.3 When the class is not specified, the requirements ofclass H40V shall govern.4. Materials and Finish4.1 The body of all hollow brick shall be of clay, shale, fireclay, or mixtures of these materials, with or without admix-tures, burned t
23、o meet the requirements of this specification.Any coloring or other materials added to the clay shall besuitable ceramic materials and shall be well distributedthroughout the body.4.2 Colors and textures produced by application of inor-ganic coatings to the faces of the brick shall be permitted with
24、the consent of the purchaser, provided that evidence is fur-nished of the durability of the coatings. Brick that are coloredby flashing or textured by sanding, where the sand does notform a continuous coating, shall not be considered as surface-colored brick for the purpose of this specification.NOT
25、E 1When surface colored brick, other than sanded or flashed, arespecified for exterior use, the purchaser should require that data besubmitted showing that after 50 cycles of freezing thawing there is noobservable difference in the applied finish when viewed from a distance of10 ft (3.0 m) under an
26、illumination of not less than 50 ft-candles (538 lx)by an observer with normal vision.Service records of the performance of the particular coated brick inexterior locations may be accepted in place of the freezing and thawingtest, upon consent of the purchaser.4.3 The brick shall be free of defects,
27、 deficiencies, andsurface treatments, including coatings, that would interferewith the proper laying of the brick or significantly impair thestrength or performance of the construction.4.4 If any post-firing coatings or surface treatments areapplied by the manufacturer, the manufacturer shall report
28、 thetype and extent of these coatings or surface treatments in allcertificates of compliance with this specification.5. Physical Properties5.1 DurabilityWhen Grade is not specified, the require-ments for Grade SW shall govern.5.1.1 Physical Property RequirementsThe brick shallconform to the physical
29、 requirements for the Grade specified asprescribed in Table 2. For the compressive strength require-ments in Table 2, test the unit with the compressive forceperpendicular to the bed surface of the unit, with the unit in thestretcher position.5.1.2 Absorption AlternateThe saturation coefficient re-q
30、uirement does not apply, provided the 24-h cold waterabsorption of each unit of a random sample of five brick doesnot exceed 8.0 %.5.1.3 Freezing and Thawing AlternativeThe requirementsfor 5-h boiling water absorption and saturation coefficient donot apply, provided a sample of five brick, meeting t
31、he strengthrequirements of Table 2, passes the freezing and thawing test asdescribed in the Rating Section of the Freezing and Thawingtest procedures of Test Methods C67.5.1.3.1 Grade SW: Breakage and Weight LossRequirementNo individual unit separates or disintegratesresulting in a weight loss great
32、er than 0.5 % of its original dryweight.NOTE 2The 50-cycle freezing and thawing test is used as an alterna-tive only when the brick do not conform to either Table 2 requirements formaximum water absorption and saturation coefficient, or to the require-ments of the Absorption Alternate in 5.1.2.5.1.3
33、.2 Grade SW: Cracking RequirementNo individualunit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the units leastdimension.TABLE 1 Class H60VHollow Brick Minimum Thicknessof Face Shells and Webs, in. (mm)Nominal Width of UnitsFace Shell ThicknessesEnd Shells orEnd WebsSolidCored or DoubleShell3 and 4 (76
34、 and 101)34 (19.05) .34 (19.05)6 (152) 1 (25.4) 112 (38) 1 (25.4)8 (203) 114 (32) 112 (38) 1 (25.4)10 (254) 138 (35) 158 (41) 118 (29.5)12 (306) 112 (38) 2 (50) 118 (29.5)C6520925.1.4 Low Weathering Index Alternative:5.1.4.1 If the brick are intended for use exposed to weatherwhere the weathering in
35、dex is less than 50 (see Fig. 2), andunless otherwise specified, the requirements given in Table 2for 5-h boiling water absorption and for saturation coefficientshall not apply, but the minimum average compressive strengthrequirement of 2500 psi (17.2 Mpa) shall apply.NOTE 3The effect of weathering
36、on brick is related to the weatheringindex, which for any locality is the product of the average annual numberof freezing cycle days and the average annual winter rainfall in inches, asdefined as follows.3A Freezing Cycle Day is any day during which the air temperaturepasses either above or below 32
37、F (0C). The average number of freezingcycle days in a year may be taken to equal the difference between themean number of days during which the minimum temperature was 32F(0C) or below, and the mean number of days during which the maximumtemperature was 32F (0C) or below.Winter Rainfall is the sum,
38、in inches, of the mean monthly correctedprecipitation (rainfall) occurring during the period between and includingthe normal date of the first killing frost in the fall and the normal date of3Data needed to determine the weathering for any locality may be found orestimated from tables of Local Clima
39、tological DataAnnual Summary withComparative Data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.FIG. 1 Hollow Brick UnitsTABLE 2 Physical RequirementsDesig-nationCompressive Strengthgross area, min, psi(MPa)Water Absorptionby 5-hBoiling, max, %SaturationCoefficient,maxAverage of5 brickInd
40、ividualAverageof 5 brickIndi-vidualAverageof 5 brickIndi-vidualGrade SWGrade MW3000 (20.7)2500 (17.2)2500 (17.2)2200 (15.2)17.022.020.025.00.780.880.800.90C652093the last killing frost in the spring. The winter rainfall for any period isequal to the total precipitation less one tenth of the total fa
41、ll of snow, sleet,and hail. Rainfall for a portion of a month is prorated.Fig. 2 indicates general areas of the United States which correspond tothe weathering categories listed. The index for geographical locations nearthe 50 line should be determined by analysis of weather bureau localclimatologic
42、al summaries, with due regard to the effect of microclimaticconditions, especially altitude.The recommended correlation between grade of hollow brick, weath-ering index, and exposure is found in Fig. 2. The specifier may use theserecommendations or use the grade descriptions and physical requirement
43、salong with use exposure and local climatological conditions to selectgrade.5.2 StrengthWhen hollow brick are required havingstrengths greater than prescribed in Table 2, the purchaser shallspecify the desired minimum compressive strength.5.3 Initial Rate of Absorption (IRA)Test results for IRAshall
44、 be determined in accordance with Section 9 of TestMethods C67 and shall be furnished at the request of thespecifier or purchaser. IRA is not a qualifying condition orproperty of units in this specification. This property is mea-sured in order to assist in mortar selection and materialhandling in th
45、e construction process. See Note 4.NOTE 4Initial Rate of Absorption (Suction)Both laboratory andfield investigation have shown that strong and watertight joints betweenmortar and masonry units are not achieved by ordinary constructionmethods when the units as laid have excessive initial rates of abs
46、orption.Mortar that has stiffened somewhat because of excessive loss of mixingwater to a unit may not make complete and intimate contact with thesecond unit, resulting in poor adhesion, incomplete bond, and water-permeable joints of low strength. IRA of the units is determined by theoven-dried proce
47、dure described in the IRA (Suction) (Laboratory Test) ofTest Methods C67. IRAin the field depends on the moisture content of themasonry unit and is determined in accordance with the IRA (Suction)Field Test of Test Methods C67. Units having average field IRAexceeding 30 g/min per 30 in.2(30 g/min 194
48、 cm2) should have their IRAreduced below 30 g/min per 30 in.2prior to laying. They may be wettedimmediately before they are laid, but it is preferable to wet themthoroughly 3 to 24 h prior to their use so as to allow time for moisture tobecome distributed throughout the unit.6. Efflorescence6.1 Bric
49、k are not required to be tested for efflorescence tocomply with this specification unless requested by the specifieror purchaser. When the efflorescence test is requested by thespecifier or purchaser, the brick shall be sampled at the place ofmanufacture, and tested in accordance with Test Methods C67,and a rating for efflorescence shall be “not effloresced.” If theGrade Recommendations for Face ExposuresExposureWeathering Index (Note 3)Less than 50 50 and greaterIn vertical surfaces:In contact with earth SW or MW SWNot in contact with ear
